Perceptions Of Governance Research Articles

Governance, peace, and security perception index: Methodological aspects and application in the WAEMU member states

By developing a methodology to measure citizens’ perceptions of governance, peace, and security, AFRISTAT has provided authorities at various levels with a policymaking tool. The governance, peace, and security perceptions index and its components are measured at the sub-regional level and are based on population groups. The methodology is based on the method that has been adopted to calculate the Global Governance Index and was applied to data from a household survey by using the governance, peace, and security module. Applying the data from the Integrated Regional Survey on Employment and the Informal Sector of the eight WAEMU member states made it possible to present perceptions of citizens, aged 18 and above, on “human rights and participation,” “rule of law,” and “peace and security.” The results indicate that individuals aged 18 and above in the WAEMU member states have good perceptions of governance, peace, and security with a perception index of 0.701. The perception of the rule of law is low (0.524), which is reflected in the low perception of the judicial system and the absence of corruption.

"Women fear the law more than abusers": a study of public trust in health and legal response to violence against women in Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil.

Little is known about how perceptions of government affects women's views of violence against women. This qualitative study examines women's perceptions of violence against women laws and trust in the health and legal sector response in São Paulo State, Brazil. Thirty interviews with female residents of Santo André, 18 years and older, were audio recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed for themes using MAXQDA12 software. All women were familiar with at least one federal violence against women law. They expressed widespread lack of trust in the government. They viewed the legal sector as ineffective and felt violence against women laws have little impact, or exacerbate violence. Disdain for the health sector was less prominent than for the legal sector. A generalized lack of trust in government manifests as a lack of confidence in these laws for women seeking support through legal and health sectors. Adoption of legal protections for women is a significant accomplishment. However, health and legal sector violence against women response needs to consider perceptions of government, how violence against women laws are operationalized, and the role of each sector in ensuring women's safety. Violence against women response efforts should include standardized intersectoral procedures including referral to accessible resources and means of screening women who may be at high risk for femicide.

Accrual Accounting and the Local Government Budget - A Matching Evaluation

The transition from cash to accrual accounting is said to change a government's perception of its budget quite fundamentally. Although an exorbitant number of governments have reformed the mode of accounting at high costs in past years, reliable empirical evidence of consequences on their financial situation and decision-making is still scarce. In this paper, budget variables are analysed which are hypothesized to react to the reform: investment expenditure and revenue from asset sales. Microdata from 1,100 local governments in the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg over the period 2005-2016 is exploited with different matching techniques combined with the conditional DiD estimator. Results imply a robust effect on municipal investment behaviour; evidence for sales revenue remains weak. The findings corroborate recent empirical results. For the first time a common understanding of the budgetary effects of the accrual accounting reform seems to be emerging.

The “Good, Bad, and Ugly:” Challenges for the health-care professionals in wake of the COVID-19 pandemic

Health care has been considered as among the most coveted and noble of all professions. However, the last decade has seen increasing incidents of violence against health-care professionals. The world, currently, faces an unprecedented emergency in the form of COVID-19 and health-care workers are at the frontline, saving lives and exposing themselves to the deadly virus and yet face the stigma of spreading the virus. The public perception has ranged from lauding the efforts of medical staff to unprovoked or unnecessary violence towards them. The current overview aims to understand the challenges faced by the health-care professionals specifically during the pandemic and how it has impacted perception of public and government.

EU diplomacy after Brexit

Brexit is the latest symptom of an international institutional failure to live up to public expectations. It is caused by the perception of unfulfilled participatory governance and lack of problem-solving capacities (immigration and financial crises, changing transnational identities, internal and external security) and it bears the seeds of further disintegration. Brexit has again revealed the lack of (not only institutional, but) mental preparedness of the linear mindset ('sleepwalking into crises') for the international management of disruptive events which will continue to be a regular feature and is becoming the new normality. Diplomacy and its civilising virtues (solidarity, subsidiarity, inclusion of the general public, acceptance of change as opportunity) could provide the practical values for a result-orientated mindset of problem-solving. For Diplomacy as social interaction to be successful in the context of Brexit we need innovative practical initiatives corresponding to public expectations leading to sustainable solutions and providing trust in a functional European Union.

Corporate Governance Perception Index, Profitability and Firm Value in Indonesia

This research aims to find out the impact of the Corporate Governance Perception Index and profitability to firm value. The population is a company on the Indonesian Stock exchange and which follows the CGPI assessment in 2011-2015 and is found in 28 samples, the analysis of data using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that the Corporate Governance Perception Index and profitability simultaneously affected the firm value according to the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Besides, the Corporate Governance Perception Index, and profitability also partially and significantly affected firm value according to the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Internal auditor perceptions of corporate governance in Greece after the crisis

PurposeThis paper aims to present the views of internal auditors in Greece on the relation between the internal audit function (IAF) and corporate governance (CG) after several years of European market integration and in the aftermath of the sovereign debt crisis.Design/methodology/approachData are collected using semi-structured interviews with 15 internal auditors working in firms with different size and in different sectors of activity. Interviewees have diverse experience and hold various positions in the firm.FindingsRespondents perceive a strong relation between the IAF and CG. They view the IAF as a preventive tool that provides monitoring and advisory services to firms. They stress the inadequate monitoring role of the board in the IAF, and they support a proactive intervention in the strategic audit planning process. They see a small role for shareholders in CG. They stress the need to focus more on the efficiency and effectiveness considerations in carrying out the IAF. They perceive CG-related information as important for meeting formal compliance needs rather than contributing to decision-making or audit process planning. They believe that audit committees (AC) are weak in implementing effective monitoring, due to inadequate knowledge and expertise of their members. They would like to see a two-way interaction between auditors, AC and management. They would like to enjoy more independence through the implementation of international standards of auditing and statutory regulation.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample covers 15 auditors from an equivalent number of firms and few sectors of activity. Accessing potential interviewees was difficult due to the perceived conflict between their work requirements and public statement of their views.Practical implicationsThe proposed method adds to the qualitative analysis literature with regard to measuring and evaluating the personal views of auditors on CG. The study provides empirical evidence of the need to use extensive qualitative research to assess the auditors’ views on the role of CG for their work.Originality/valueThe role of internal audit in CG effectiveness is a key policy concern, especially in countries with diverse market environments. Greece is such an environment for it has undergone a major institutional change within a short period and suffered greatly from its sovereign debt crisis. Further, few studies have sought and evaluated the views of internal auditors by using semi-structured interviews. The latter provide details, which other methods cannot capture. The results of this study are especially useful to the competent regulators, for they reflect market perceptions on the importance and effectiveness of CG practices. They are also useful to practitioners to identify potential root causes of audit deficiencies.

Does the Quality of Good Corporate Governance Provide Economic Value for Investors? Evidence from Indonesia

This study aims to examine the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on corporate value by using financial performance proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) as intervening variables. The samples used in this study were Non-financial companies participating in the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) listed on the Stock Exchange during the period 2012 to 2016. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling technique.The tests that will be carried out are Analysis of Multiple Linear Regression and Hypothesis Test (partial and simultaneous test) using the Eviews program. The test results show that the variable Good Corporate Governance (GCG) has a significant positive effect on Return on Assets (ROA), the Return on Assets (ROA) variable has a significant positive effect on influencing the value of the company. ROA variables are proven to interfere with the influence of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on company value. While the ROE variable is not proven to mediate the influence of GCG on the value of the company. The direct influence of Good Corporate Governance on company value is also not empirically proven. GCG variables have no effect on ROE. Likewise the ROE variable does not have an influence on the value of the company.

ANALISIS PENENTUAN CORE BUSINESS PADA MASTERPLAN KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS MEKAR PUTIH DI KABUPATEN KOTABARU

Fadel Muhammad (2019). Core Business Determination Analysis in the master plan of the Mekar Putih Special Economic Zone in Kotabaru Regency Advisor : Drs Muhammad Effendi, MSThis study aims to (1) To find out what factors are considered in determining the Core Business in the Mekar Putih Special Economic Zone Masterplan in Kotabaru Regency, (2) To determine perceptions government, private sector. and the community in the Core Business choice of the Mekar Putih Special Economic Consultation Masterplan in Kotabaru Regency, (3) To analyze what Core Business is suitable to be developed in the Mekar Putih Special Economic Zone Masterplan in Kotabaru District.Respondents in this study were 5 respondents from local government, 5 respondents from the private sector, 14 respondents from community leaders and institutions and 95 respondents from the community. The method used in processing data is the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. and Descriptive Quantitative The results of this study indicate that the choice of regional government for Core Business in the Mekar Putih Special Economic Zone Master Plan is the Core Business Industri 67% and Tourism Core Business 33%, and the choice of private parties for Core Business in the Mekar Putih Special Economic Zone Masterplan Business Industri 80% and Core Business Tourism 20%, for community leaders and community institutions for the determination of Core Business in the Mekar Putih Special Economic Zone Masterplan is the 57% Core Business Industri and 43% Core Business Tourism and the general public in determining Core Business is Core Business Industri 81% and Tourism Core Business 19% With the most dominant conclusion is Industrial Core Business which is the main activity in the White Blooms Special Economic Zone.Keywords: Core Business, Special Economic Zones. Perception of Local Government, Private Sector and Society, AHP Method, Quantitative Descriptive

Open Government and Citizen Participation: Perceptions between Civil Society Organizations and Government.

The concepts of citizen participation and open government (OG) are increasingly being used by politicians, government officials, and civil society organizations (CSOs). However, there are differences about how the concepts are assumed and used by different social actors. The objective of this research is to analyze the perception of citizen participation and open government from the perspectives of two fundamental sectors: CSOs and government using the State of Jalisco, Mexico as a case study. The research question is: How are citizen participation and open government perceived in the State of Jalisco by civil society organizations and the government? This research presents statistical results of a survey given to members of civil society and public officials involved in OG actions. The results show a huge gap between the perceptions of government officials and CSOs; this affects the relationship between the two sectors, which can impede development and implementation of public policies.

Drones in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Action: A Case Study in The Aftermath of Nepal Earthquake 2015

Nepal ranks 6th, 11th and 30th in the list of countries vulnerable in terms of risk from climate change, earthquake and flood respectively. Frequent multi-disasters in a difficult terrain makes disaster management a challenge, and up-to-date geo-information plays a critical role in proper disaster management. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) enables quicker geoinforma t ion collection compared to traditional surveying methods, hence leading to efficient disaster management. UAVs were introduced in Nepal in the aftermath of the April 2015 Earthquake. An unprecedented number of small and lightweight UAVs were flown over highly damaged areas and heritage sites by journalists and humanitarian responders to assist in immedia te rescue, relief, and reconstruction efforts. However, risks to national security by the unregula ted use of drones was realized by the Government of Nepal and the Ministry of Home Affairs, and hence they released a guideline that controlled the use of UAVs through a thoroughly difficult permission procedure. This vastly limited the use of drones in Nepal and increasing adoption of the technology for humanitarian causes also slowed down rapidly. However, increasing demand has recently led to a revised Drone Flight Guidelines 2075 that now provides authorit y to local governments to grant permissions through easier processes for lightweight drones thus encouraging good usages of drones. This paper attempts to identify, analyze and document the social applications of Drone technology in Nepal and highlights the specific use of Drones in post-earthquake reconstruction of damaged buildings, hydropower projects, landslide mapping, aerial surveillance during disasters, rescue efforts, delivery of medicines and health supplies in rural areas and many more. It also reflects the change in perception of the government towards drone technology.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 19

Perception of ESG criteria by mainstream investors: evidence from Tunisia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the perception of environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria by mainstream investors in an emerging financial market, that of Tunisia, country at the origin of the Arab Spring.Design/methodology/approachA series of focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with financial professionals.FindingsDespite efforts by the Tunisian state to promote CSR and ESG criteria since the outbreak of the revolution of January 14th, 2011, the results show that these criteria are fairly well known by our interlocutors. As part of an investment allocation decision, the ESG criteria are considered as secondary to financial ones. The three criteria are classified as follows according to their usefulness in the investment choices of financial professionals: corporate governance, social and environmental.Research limitations/implicationsIn addition to the subjective nature of the data collected, this research is limited to the input of only financial professionals. It does not inform us about ESG indicators that may influence the investment decisions of financial professionals, and thus this issue deserves further reflection.Originality/valueThis exploratory study sheds light on a little-explored topic in Tunisia, country at the origin of the Arab Spring. It contributes to the existing literature in the areas of investor behavior toward ESG criteria and adds to the limited literature in the area of emerging countries.

Perceptions of governance in the animal welfare sector

The purpose of the study was to gather information on perceptions of the current governance practices in shelters in South Africa and put forward recommendations to professionalise the sector at board/committee level. Through semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study sought out the views of 16 participants, both at board/committee and at operational levels, at companion animal shelters. The main findings indicate inconsistencies and flaws in the governance fabric in this sector, and point to the need for a coherent set of basic governance standards suitable for shelters. This study makes a contribution to the companion animal welfare sector by offering the first formal study into governance in this domain, and provides a foundation from which future research can be leveraged.

Perceptions of Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Fear, Risk and the 2016 Trump Effect

Abstract Our study examines respondents’ perceptions of terrorism and counterterrorism in the USA during the 2016 presidential campaign. It does so by conducting an experiment where a group of respondents were randomly assigned to a vivid example of a terrorist attack and another group did not receive this treatment. The study’s results find opposing individual perceptions of the job government is doing to protect the country from terrorism and on differences among respondents as to the root causes of terrorism. Our research points to one explanation of this difference: Americans feel there is little they can do about terrorism and though the government is working to protect the nation, the public feels the government cannot stop, only prevent, terrorist acts from occurring. This causes the public to shift their perceptions of terrorism away from questions of efficient public policy responses to one of values. The experiment suggests heightened levels of fear among 2016 Trump voters who received the treatment compared to both Republican voters and Clinton supporters, though control and treatment groups also showed variation. Finally, this work highlights a major challenge for counter-terrorism policymakers in dealing with a highly polarized public. Recent electoral campaigns have demonstrated that politicians are actively trying to politicize terrorism. This work provides evidence that these efforts are resonating among the public. The danger of politicizing terrorism is that it blocks efforts to find common ground, between polarized groups in society in keeping the nation safe.

HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMERINTAH DENGAN KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN JALUR GANDA KERETA API

The perception of the public toward the government is a view of each community will be given by the government policy either positive or negative perceptions.�The negative perception trigger feelings of tension, heart palpitations, sweaty body, and anxiety. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the public perception of government with anxiety encounter the development plan of double track railway toward Pulosari citizens, Blimbing Malang city. The method that used in this study was quantitative correlation method, by using purposive sampling technique.� The subjects in this study were 77 Pulosari citizens who reside in the railroad.�The scale that used in this study was perception and anxiety scale.�The results of the data analysis that used pearson product moment was (r = -0,74 p = 0,01). It is mean that there was a negative correlation between the public perception of government with anxiety encounter the development plan of double track railway.� Thus, more positive their perception toward the government, then it did not cause anxiety.��

The Construction of the Indonesian Government's Repressive Counter-Terrorism Policy

The Indonesian government has made a counter-terrorism legal instrument starting in 2001. And the making of counter-terrorism policies in Indonesia was carried out after the 9/11 event. Even though the phenomenon of terrorism that occurred in Indonesia existed before 2001. Even since Indonesia became an independent state, there have been many events that can be classified into the phenomenon of terrorism. But the Indonesian government responded by making legal instruments after 2001. In overcoming terrorism, the Indonesian government prefers a repressive approach. Detachment 88 as a special anti-terrorist force, allegedly has committed many human rights violations. Even in the last 10 years, at least 120 suspected terrorists were killed in the arrest process and 40 people were victims of wrongful arrests. In addition, more than 80% of them were subjected to torture. However, the repressive approach has not been able to reduce the number of terrorist attacks in Indonesia. Therefore, this research seeks to find what factors that influencing the Indonesian government to make repressive counter-terrorism policies in Indonesia. The findings revealed the existence of several factors including the persuasion of the international community, the influence of international norms, and the perception of the Indonesian government in understanding the threat of terrorism which is influenced by past experience.

Mandarins and Heretics: The Construction of "Heresy" in Chinese State Discourse by Junqing Wu

Reviewed by: Mandarins and Heretics: The Construction of "Heresy" in Chinese State Discourse by Junqing Wu Kaiqi Hua Junqing Wu, Mandarins and Heretics: The Construction of "Heresy" in Chinese State Discourse. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2016. x, 180 pp. US $114, €99 (hb). ISBN 9789004331396 Mandarins and Heretics is a history of government perception and labeling of "heresy" in China from late imperial to modern times. The state's discourse of "heresy" led to the application of pragmatic policies to manage unorthodox spiritual movements that were thought to pose a threat to state power. The book discusses how "heretics" were targeted, with the enthusiastic support of scholar-officials, on the basis of three phenomena: black magic, messianic messages, and political subversion. Wu however, focuses primarily on the government perception of heretics rather than on the religious groups themselves. She draws her source material from both private and government sources, such as literati anecdotes (biji 筆記) and government memos. The book has nine relatively short chapters. After briefly explaining the book's key terms, topics, sources and structure in chapter 1, Wu turns to terminology in chapter 2. Wu claims that the religious polemics of anti-heresy discourse in imperial China is its own genre. The Chinese state authority's changing support of different religious traditions caused an ideological denunciation of non-institutional religious communities. Wu deliberately avoids the Eurocentric "church and state" paradigm by taking into account the fact that "lay religions" existed outside of this concept (p. 13), and abandons the usage of Western terminology like "sect" and "cult." She instead adopts the neutral term "religious movements" to describe new religious groups outside government approval. In chapter 3, Wu overviews the history of heresy in China. Wu examines rituals related to black magic and messianism, and their different fates under pre-Ming dynasties. Throughout Chinese history, black magic such as "insect-poisoning" and "spirit [End Page 244] enslaving" caused fear in both lay society and official organs. The Fang La 方臘 rebellion of 1121–1122, originally a local revolt, she argues, later became a prototype for "religious rebellions" due to anecdotal writings that associated the rebellion with black magic (pp. 24–25, 60). Subsequent writings by literati included polemics against "heretical" phenomena such as black magic and messianism in the Ming Dynasty. Whereas the Tang dynasty banned the spread of apocalyptic prophecy or "demonic speech," messianism was not automatically tied to heretics in the Tang-Song era (p. 34). Wu shows that official polemics against heresy began in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Chapters 4 to 7 focus on religious life in the Qing dynasty. Here Wu introduces peaceful religious groups and their mistreatment by the government. The Qing dynasty labeled lay religious movements "heresies" in literati writing, legal texts, and official historiography (p. 57). Wu notes that in China boundaries between "authorized" and "non-authorized religions" were mainly based on bureaucratic institutionalization rather than belief and practice, and the label of "heresy" could fall on any religious group (pp. 40–41). However, she does not discuss further the influence of Neo-Confucians on shaping official and private perceptions of vernacular religions. She instead simply notes that scholar-official elites increasingly distanced themselves from popular religious beliefs and practices in the Ming-Qing period (p. 57). In chapter 5, Wu focuses on black magic as "heresy" in literature in the Qing dynasty. She first examines four popular forms of black magic in the Ming-Qing era: "mirror magic," "paper-cutting magic," "life-force plucking magic," and "female warrior magic." Wu states that the popular image of black magic was largely created by government literati. Wu also investigates "official texts" on heresy including legal documents and state compilations of popular "religious rebellions." She argues that while black magic could be associated with heresies in literati writings, imperial law did not associate black magic with heretical discourse and therefore it was not a major political concern of the Qing state (p. 92). Rather, Wu claims in chapter 6 that messianic teachings were the leading identifier of "heresy" in the Ming and Qing official discourse (p. 94). She points out that the imperial government used laws against both "demonic speech" and the...

Bureaucratic Reshuffling and Efficiency: Do n-Competing Bureaus Determine Inefficient Results?

Governments often support their preferences for decentralised (centralised) bureaucracies on the grounds of efficiency considerations (production side). Here, we consider the demand side, i.e., whether the government perception of citizens’ demand for differentiated goods/services might increase efficiency by simply reshuffling bureaucratic production activities. We represent the budgetary process—between an incumbent governing party and n-competing bureaus producing differentiated goods/services—as a simultaneous Nash-compliance game with complete information. On these grounds, we analyse—in terms of public production, players’ rents and payoffs—the effects of increasing competition (as for the number of bureaus) in the political–bureaucratic market. Moreover, we evaluate, ceteris paribus, the effects of bureaucratic reshuffling from the point of view of society, assumed to prefer those policies that approximate social efficiency by minimising bureaucratic and political rents.

Determinants of Earnings Management and Its Implications on the Integrity of the Financial Statements

This study aims to estimate and analyze the effect of corporate governance, audit quality, firm size, and leverage towards earnings management and its implications on the integrity of the financial statements, either partially or simultaneously. The research method used is panel data regression analysis. By using purposive sampling method, there are six companies that consistently follow corporate governance perception index (CGPI) program from 2010 to 2015 and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.The results show that, in the first model, CGPI partially has a significant negativeeffect,auditqualitypartiallyhasasignificantnegativeeffect,firmsizepartially has a significant negative effect, leverage partially has a significant positive effect, on earnings management. CGPI, audit quality, firm size, and leverage simultaneously have significant effect on earnings management. In the second model, CGPI partially has a significant negative effect, audit quality has a significant negative effect, firm size has a significant negative effect, leverage has a significant positive effect, on earnings management. CGPI, audit quality, firm size, leverage, and earnings management simultaneously have significant effect on the integrity of the financial statements. According to these results, the company should maintain and improve corporate governance practices, uses the auditor services that have six quality factors (competence, independence, specialization, audit tenure, peer review, and affiliation), conveypositiveinformationrelatedtothecompanyandapplylowdebtratiowithgood planning. The investor should choose to invest in the companies that implement good corporate governance, using qualified audit services, investment priorities in large companies, and companies with low leverage.

The Ability of Good Corporate Governance in Moderating the Effects of Financial Distress on the Velocity of Publication of the Financial Statements

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence about the ability of good corporate governance to moderate the effects of financial distress on the velocity of publication of the financial statements. Based on purposive sampling techniques, the study analyzed 19 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, especially those included in the Corporate Governance Perception Index ranking from the year 2013 to 2017 using Moderated Regression Analysis. The results provide empirical evidence that GCG moderates the effect of financial distress on the velocity of publication of the financial statements. This shows that the application of good corporate governance is able to speed up the publication time of the financial statements from the companies that are experiencing financial difficulties.