Sports People Research Articles

The Relationship between Sports Fandom and People’s Views Concerning Native American Team Imagery

The Relationship between Sports Fandom and People’s Views Concerning Native American Team Imagery

Спортивна та фізична активність в контексті способу життя сучасної людини

The article deals with the consideration of physical activity and sports activity as specific socio-cultural phenomena. Their role in daily life of a modern person in relation to a healthy lifestyle and fitness culture is considered. Values and social orientations that stimulate the individual to positive development and physical improvement, first of all, his physicality through purposeful use of will, are investigated. In particular, we draw attention to incentives such as internal states and human experiences, as well as family or family experiences, national and cultural traditions. Socio-cultural standards of behavior may encourage physical activity, sporting activity to stimulate the development of aggression, rudeness, etc. But in other communities, people's sport activity is intended, on the contrary, to prevent the latter through competitions, games, gymnastics and the like. The views of Confucius and Lao Tzu on the place and role of martial arts as a kind of human social activity and its importance in the social life of Ancient China are analyzed. It is proved that in the Antiquity, Plato and Aristotle also considered regular sports as a condition of personal improvement. It is noted that if in the Middle Ages taboos were imposed on the body and physicality as lower qualities of man, then in the Renaissance and Modern times in the philosophical works of G. Bruno, J. Locke, J.-J. Rousseau and others. The questions of the affinity of the spiritual and physical principles of human being, the role of health and exercise and games in its strengthening and multiplication are considered. Based on the ideas of J. Ortega-y-Gasset and J. Hasing in the understanding of the socio-cultural content of sport as a kind of game activity, it is emphasized that, since the second half of the nineteenth century, it is advisable to explore the increased physical activity and sports activities as a tradition for the phenomena, and from the second half of the last century - as a universal phenomenon, which is characterized by a pronounced not only competitive content, but also the desire for a rational or healthy lifestyle.

Facing Irregularities in Sport: Whistleblowing and Watchdog Journalism. The Romanian Case

Abstract Mass-media is often called „the guard dog of society” due to its role in alerting the population when an issue is identified and this aspect is feasible also in sports media. This research analyses the media’s roles, responsibilities and its relationship with whistleblowers. The main focus of this presentation is on methods used by journalists in order to identify and research sensitive subjects such as corruption, doping and other cases of harmful irregularities in sport. Based on interviews with journalists from Romania, using a qualitative interpretation of their speech, it will be possible to see behind the façade of the journalist-sources relationship. „How could we increase the rate of investigations and the number of whistleblowers in sport?” is a central question of this research. The study examines also how to ensure a more critical approach to the task of exploring the influences in Romanian sports and in what manner this case could be framed in the global context. It helps to understand the potential of sports communication and educational journalism to influence in a positive manner the dynamics of reporting everyday issues and eruptive scandals in sport. An inquiring and sceptical media could help more to enhance transparency and encourage other sports stars or sports people to take action.

Thinking beyond the binary: Barriers to trans* participation in university sport

Sport is a significant part of university life in the UK, where students may try new sports for the first time. Research also demonstrates links between sport participation and mental health and employment prospects. Despite the positive aspects of university sports, by mimicking wider sport practices, they may also be environments that exclude non-normative bodies, including those who are trans*. The experiences of trans* people in sport is still a limited research area, with existing studies suggesting a range of exclusionary practices are evident. However, it is currently unclear to what extent these practices are replicated in the university sport environment across institutions in the UK. As part of a broader study on LGBT+ inclusion in UK university sport, focus groups with student union officers and LGBT+ students were conducted, with one student identifying as trans*. Data derived from the trans* student, alongside the viewpoints of officers, suggests further action can be taken to ensure university sport is inclusive to all, particularly in regard to the reliance on wider binary gender structures in sport, which are also evident in the British Universities and Colleges Sport transgender policy. This research may be useful for student unions, university sport clubs and other bodies in control of sport provision to increase inclusion for all.

Wrist pain: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors\u2013 what is the role of occupation and activity?

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of wrist pain.MethodsSystematic review. Data sources: The MEDLINE and EMBASE via OVID, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus via EBSCO databases were searched from database inception to 9th March 2018. Specific criteria were used to define inclusion and exclusion. Data was extracted independently by a pair of reviewers.ResultsIn total 32 cross sectional studies were identified for inclusion (1 with a longitudinal component). The median prevalence of wrist pain in the general population and non-manual workers within the short term (within last week) was 6 and 4.2% within the medium term (> 1 week and within a year). The median prevalence of wrist pain in physically demanding occupations and sports people was 10% within the short term and 24% within the medium term. Non-modifiable factors associated with wrist pain included increased age (1 study in adults and 3 studies in children/adolescents) and female sex (2 studies). Modifiable risk factors included high job physical strain (2 studies), high job psychological strain (1 study), abnormal physeal morphology in children/adolescents (2 studies), high frequency impact tool use (1 study) and effort reward imbalance (1 study).ConclusionsWrist pain is highly prevalent in groups who partake in physically demanding activities from day to day such as manual labourers and sportspeople. It is less prevalent in the general population and non-manual workers, although there is a relative lack of research in the general population.Trial registrationThe review protocol was registered with PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42018090834.Level of Evidence1 (Prognostic study).

Regional restructuring of industrial sport: The case of elite hockey player production in British Columbia

Although ice hockey has been characterized as a “people's sport,” since the 1980s neoliberalism has stimulated elite hockey to take on industrial characteristics, driven by: the commodification of sport; a growing scale of hockey performance; the branding of teams and cities; a strategic coupling with media; and the privatization of training and facilities. In British Columbia, elite hockey players are being produced in new regional settings. Formerly, many elite players came from smaller resource‐hinterland towns offering strong local support. With neoliberal commodification of the sport, the Lower Mainland has emerged as the main centre of elite player production in British Columbia. This has occurred very rapidly as costly private training programs located mostly in larger metropolitan areas have become the main source of young players aspiring to elite status. High‐performance training companies and private hockey academies offer costly routes to elite player status, with new class relations that exclude low‐income families. A range of internal and external scale economies lead to these new facilities being concentrated in larger conurbations, particularly in Greater Vancouver.

Radiofrequency in Musculoskeletal Pain

Radiofrequency energy is acclaimed by thousands of patients and high level sports people for its therapeutic benefits. Its energy is a high frequency current, ranging between 300 KHz and 1 MHz it accelerates “natural regeneration” in the biological tissue. The low level of energy means it is totally non-invasive and 100% natural for the human body.Studies over more than thirty years have shown that the therapeutic effects stimulate natural tissue reconstruction and pain relief.In the 300 KHz – 1 MHz frequency range, the C Gabriel Research team highlights the Permeability of cellular membranes by analyzing several types of biological tissue for their Study “The dielectric properties of Biological tissues”.

Sustainable Supply Chain Management at Clif Bar

This paper has the objective of discussing the concept of sustainability by examining the practice in a case study of Clif Bar, a US-based company that deals in manufacturing nutritional foods for sports people, and whose model is outsourcing their core activities from upstream through mid-stream to downstream to small-scale farmers, cooperatives, and suppliers in the supply chain. The methodology adopted is that of review of secondary sources for analysis and insight. The concepts of sustainability and corporate social responsibility are discussed theoretically and practically in relationship to Clif Bar. The paper concludes that undertaking sustainability measures and corporate social responsibility may be costly in the short-run but highly beneficial to all in the long-run. It requires a multidisciplinary approach with a team comprising employees from diversified backgrounds.

SPORT CLUBS, EVENTS AND TOURISM: THE CASE OF SPORT EVENTS IN NITERÓI USING STAKEHOLDERS’ VIEWS

This present study aims to understand the relationship between clubs and sporting events in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using the perspective of sports tourism. This town, located on the eastern bank of the Guanabara Bay, in front of the famous and now Olympic city of Rio de Janeiro, is a city with a high tourism potential and a solid sports tradition, accommodating the first three Olympic clubs in Brazil founded in the 1880. In terms of the development of this study, an exploratory qualitative-quantitative analysis was planned to observe the impact of Olympic clubs and their successors at Niterói sporting events. For this purpose, between February and April of 2018, 7 interviews were conducted with different stakeholders of the sporting events in order to collect official data and detect the culture of sporting events in the city nowdays. The results of the study showed the main sports modalities and areas of sporting events in the city. In addition, this research pointed out that after years of development of their sports clubs, changes in the Niteroi’s society affected the participation of people in traditional sports practices within the club environment. These changes directly influenced the consumption of sports activities and automatically the routine of sports clubs and sporting events in the city.

The prevalence and determinants of physical activity promotion by Australian chiropractors: A cross sectional study

BackgroundApproximately one in four adults do not meet the World Health Organisation physical activity recommendations. While health promotion (i.e., physical activity) is common within chiropractic settings, little is known about chiropractors discussing this public health issue with their patients. The aim of our study is to examine the prevalence and characteristics of Australian chiropractors who frequently discuss patient physical activity. MethodsA national cross-sectional survey of chiropractors focusing upon practitioner characteristics, practice settings and clinical management characteristics. Regression analyses were conducted on 1924 survey respondents to identify factors associated with practitioners who frequently discuss physical activity with patients. ResultsEighty-five percent of Australian chiropractors reported ‘often’ discussing physical activity as part of their patient management. The strongest factors associated with chiropractors who frequently discuss physical activity obtained from the multivariate analysis include: often discussing occupational health and safety (odds ratio [OR] = 6.10; 95%CI: 3.88, 9.59), often discussing diet/nutrition (OR = 4.56; 95%CI: 3.12, 6.66), often discussing smoking/drugs/alcohol (OR = 4.41; 95%CI: 2.06, 9.40), often use of specific exercise therapy/rehabilitation/injury taping (OR = 3.76; 95%CI: 2.62, 5.39) and often caring for athletes or sports people (OR = 2.18; 95%CI: 1.56, 3.06) within their practice setting. ConclusionDiscussing physical activity is a frequent feature of patient management among most chiropractors in Australia. The association between these practitioners and discussion of other costly public health burdens could suggest chiropractors have a valuable role to play in chronic disease prevention. Given the growing need for practitioner-led promotion of patient physical activity further research examination of the role and contribution of chiropractors in promoting this important public health topic among patients and communities is needed.

Mejoramiento de la capacidad ofensiva de un equipo de Torball a través de la visualización

El Torball es un deporte para personas con discapacidad visual, en el cual dos equipos de tres jugadores se enfrentan. El objetivo es marcarle gol al adversario lanzando un balón sonoro con la(s) mano(s) bajo tres cuerdas sonoras. El proceso de preparación mental se enfoca básicamente en técnicas de visualización y estrategia de objetivos. Teniendo como base toda la información de la temporada inmediatamente anterior. Método: Sujetos: El proceso es desarrollado con los cuatro jugadores que componen el equipo de Torball de Brest en Francia. El promedio de edad es de 22 años y todos presentan una discapacidad visual importante (visión inferior a 1/10). Procedimiento: El proceso inicia con una primera fase «la estrategia de los objetivos» con el fin de conocer a los jugadores y determinar la mejor adecuación posible entre los objetivos individuales y los objetivos colectivos. Como segunda fase, se desarrolla la verbalización, el equipo de trabajo explica con cifras y estadísticas la pertinencia y la eficacia que tienen los tiros con la técnica REBOND para marcar goles teniendo como referente la visualización del tiro rebond. Resultados: El porcentaje de tiros rebond ejecutados por el equipo de Brest han aumentado considerablemente pasando de un 49% en Marsella a un 71% en Brest. Existe una diferencia significativa entre los resultados de Marsella y Brest, t(19)= -2.177; p<0.021. Conclusión: Los resultados en competencia hacen pensar que ellos han comenzado a integrar mentalmente esta técnica de tiro (rebond) ya que el riesgo durante la competencia no ha perturbado la técnica.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Sports Betting in a Population of Young Students in Madrid.

The participation of young people in sports betting is causing social alarm as a result of both its invasive advertising and its possible involvement in the development of gaming problems. The objective of this study is to identify and characterise the situation in which young students in Madrid participate in sports betting. A Sports Betting Evaluation Questionnaire was given to a convenience sample of 735 young students from Madrid (aged 18-25), both live (face-to-face) and on-line. 42.6% of the sample admitted having placed sports bets at one time; 81% of those who had bet were men and 78% had bet live, versus 18% who had done so on-line and 5% using both systems. Men were found to bet more frequently and spend more money and more time doing so than women. Those who bet on-line do so more frequently and spend more money and more time than those who bet live. Young people bet mainly on football and the most frequent bets are the most obvious ones, i.e. on the winner. The frequency of participation in sports betting is high, but the time and money spent is moderate, albeit always higher in men than in women.

Teenagers’ perceptions of their scoliotic curves. Comparison between sports people and non-sports people

Teenagers’ perceptions of their scoliotic curves. Comparison between sports people and non-sports people

Sustainable Entrepreneurship in the Romanian Sports Industry

Abstract Sustainable entrepreneurship is a new business driven concept with the aim to increase both social and business value. The three pillars of sustainable entrepreneurship are people, profit and planet. The question that comes frequently in discussion is how businesses can mix these three and bring human beings in a balance with the nature by keeping the profit goal. Sports industry registered a huge increase in the last twenty years, including Romania, especially on the side of amateur sports people, usually employees who are seeing sports activity as a way of reaching the life-work balance and a way of destressing after a hard working day. Sports entrepreneurs observed very quickly the opportunity of this form of spending free time, especially through activities done outside in the nature and started to organize diverse events like mountain marathons, cross biking, duathlons etc. The novelty comes from the fact that many events, especially in Romania, have the component of “planet”. People are participating because e.g. part of the fee is financing ecological or social projects in different regions of the country. The aim of this paper is to analyze the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship in relation with different sports events and answer to some questions. How many organizers take into account the social part of the events? Are they more interested in ecological, social or other type of value? Participants decide where to go based on the social or ecological causes financed? Based on different research methods the author is outlining the typology of sports events at the amateur level in Romania and the interest of combining the profit with the social value goal. The results of the study might be of interest for several groups of stakeholders (public authorities, NGOs, companies, managers etc.) when developing public policies, proposing life-work balance programs and other measures aimed at stimulating sustainable entrepreneurship.

Could an Innovative Training Program Including Contact Sports and Counseling Help Young People With Traits of Psychopathy and A History of School Dropout?

Background:The aim was to assess the effects of a training program inclusive of contact sports and counseling on school dropout, quality of life (QoL) and psychopathologic symptoms in the youth with a history of school dropout and psychopathic personality traits.Methods:The Experimental Group (EG) consisted of 32 subjects (male 90.6%; age 19.6±4.3 years); the Control Group (CG) consisted of an equal number matched for gender and age with the same psychological features. At the beginning of the experimental Training Program (T0), both cohorts were assessed by a diagnostic psychiatric interview (SCID ANTAS), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to evaluate QoL, the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) for the assessment of psychopathic traits, the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to measure general psychopathology. At the end of the program (T1), the coorths were evaluated by SF-12 and SRQ.Results:Twenty-seven subjects in the EG (84.4%) completed the course and underwent the evaluation at T1. The SF-12 score significantly increased from T0 to T1 in both groups, albeit this was more evident in the EG than in the CG, owing to an interaction between time and group. SRQ score significantly decreased in the EG from T0 to T1, while in the CG it did not, although the interaction between time and group was not significant.Conclusion:The experimental training program was effective in improving QoL and countering school dropout in young citizens with psychopathic traits. Further studies are needed to clarify if such results are due to a relationship between the practical tasks approach including contact sports and an improvement in mentalization processes.

TREINADORES DE BASQUETEBOL: OS DESAFIOS DA PRÁTICA NO AMBIENTE DE FORMAÇÃO ESPORTIVA

O treinador possui papel central na formação de jovens no esporte. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os desafios de prática enfrentados por treinadores no basquetebol. Participaram 11 treinadores de Santa Catarina - Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas por meio da análise temática. Os treinadores descreveram três temas gerais subdivididos em sete categorias: Desafios para Gerir a Prática – falta de recursos financeiros, gestão do esporte, falta de tempo; Desafios da Carreira – futuro da profissão de treinador, oportunidades de trabalho; Desafios com os Atletas – motivação dos jovens da nova geração, formação cidadã. A falta de recursos e uma gestão profissionalizada do esporte dificultam o trabalho de treinadores que precisam se preocupar com a documentação dos atletas, prestação de contas, entre outras funções ao invés de focar nos treinamentos, o que parece gerar um impacto na qualidade da formação em longo prazo dos atletas. Outro grande desafio apontado pelos treinadores foi a dificuldade sobre a carreira como treinador de formação, sem ter um futuro claro e garantias de oportunidades para se tornar treinador de equipes profissionais. Por fim, os treinadores comentam sobre as barreiras para motivar os novos atletas para a prática e aliar a preparação esportiva com a formação cidadã, sendo o esporte uma importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento positivo dos jovens da nova geração. Assim, os treinadores parecem ter os recursos mínimos disponíveis e precisam assumir diversos papéis para manter a qualidade de formação de jovens no esporte, o que parece gerar instabilidade, insegurança e incerteza na profissão. The coach has a central role in training young people in sports. The aim of this study was to understand the practice challenges faced by basketball coaches. Eleven coaches from Santa Catarina - Brazil participated. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and analyzed through thematic analysis. The coaches described three general themes subdivided into seven categories: Challenges for Managing Practice - lack of financial resources, sports management, lack of time; Career Challenges - future of the coaching profession, job opportunities; Challenges with Athletes - motivation of young people of the new generation, citizen training. The lack of resources and a professional management of the sport make it difficult for coaches who need to worry about the documentation of athletes, accountability, among other functions instead of focusing on training, which seems to have an impact on the quality of training in sports of athletes. Another major challenge pointed out by the coaches was the difficulty over the coaching career, without having a clear future and guarantees of opportunities to become coach of professional teams. Finally, coaches’ comment on the barriers to motivate new athletes to practice and combine sports preparation with citizen training, and sport is an important tool for the positive development of young people of the new generation. Thus, coaches seem to have the minimum resources available and need to take on several roles to maintain the quality of youth training in the sport, which seems to generate instability, insecurity and incertitude in the profession.

Acute Physiological Effects of Small-Sided Games Applied on the Hearing-Impaired National Team Soccer

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a difference between physiological responses to the small-sided games often applied during soccer trainings by changing the dimensions of the fields, the number of players, duration and the rules of the games. 16 sports people, who play soccer in Turkey Hearing- Impaired National soccer Team, having 31, 38±6,02 of age, 177,13±4,38 cms of height, 74,22±4,44 kgs of bodily weight, volunteered for this research. The subjects were made to play free games with the intervals of 2 days, in different periods of 4x4, in the fields of 36mx24m, in 24 minutes in total in the forms of 1x24, 2x12, 4x6 and 6x4. After each game, a rest period of two days, and between the sets, a rest period of 4 minutes was given. Through anthropometric measurements of the subjects, their lactic acid levels in blood and the number of heart beats after small-sided games were determined. Also the difficulty levels perceived were determined with BORG scale. The data were transferred to IBM SPSS statistics 22 program and the analyses were completed. Friedman test was used to have a look whether there was a difference between descriptive statistics and dependent groups for continuous variables.At the end of the small-sided games applied in different periods and repetitions, a statistical meaningfulness was determined in the comparison of the speed of the heartbeat of the subjects that participated in the study(P<0.001). While a meaningfulness was determined in the comparison of the lactic acid amounts that appeared in the subjects (P<0.01); there was no statistical meaningfulness in the comparison of the perceived difficulty level of the small-sided games played.

Formation of the concept of innovative sports management in Ukraine

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in modern conditions globalization acts as the main trend in the development of the modern world; this is noted at the Davos forum in 2019. Development of all spheres of society, the state and the person - from politics, economics - to sports and gender equality. The problem of the research - globalization in sport - is transformation of sport into a global phenomenon, universal in nature, which has significant impact on all aspects of society. Therefore, the scope of dispute and sports culture act as an object of scientific research. Sport stimulates and forms social and cultural reflection on a world scale, reviving the idea of interdependence of humankind in sport and through sport. Unity is formed due to a variety of factors, including a network of communication technologies of financial, political and cultural interdependencies, new cultural forms of interaction that give impetus to sports interactions, forming a single global market for goods, services, behavioral standards, models of sociality, formation of modern values achieving sports success. Problem of globalization in sports is associated with Eurocentric‟s, based on formation of European values of sports, sports culture and sports success, and in general sports management. The object of the research is sports management as a condition for the development of sports culture in the context of globalization 4.0. The objectives of the research are to analyze new trends in the global mankind development that influence sports development and culture, contribute to self-fulfillment of a person from the physical and spiritual side as a priority of creative person. Methods - analysis and synthesis, abstraction, cross-cultural analysis, logical and historical, comparative analysis contribute the penetration into complex phenomena and processes of modern reality associated with sports in context of globalization. Results. Globalization is changing usual way people in sports, along with many advantages, has number of negative, painful problems associated with overt commercialization. Globalization has entered single microsystem structure as a process of integration and economic (sports) exchange; global artifacts are present in sports management, to extent that sport is institutionalized on the scale of global sports communities. The form of sports globalization refers to specific way that structuring problems of sports take place and their transfer to the globalization level of (regional) problem solving, that is, global and local integration takes place. Conclusion. Globalization means increase in available methods of organizing sport events, which requires formation of sports concept management - transnational, international, interregional, macro-rational, regional municipal, local organizations require improvement of sports management. This ladder of administrative levels is cut through the functional networks of corporations, international organizations and non-governmental organizations, as well as number of professional international organizations. Internationalization of sports is being determined by globalization.

АДАПТИВНАЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА И СПОРТ

The article provides information about physical education and sports for people with disabilities. Theoretical basis of the study is taken from regulatory legal acts, as well as scientific literature. The methodological basis of the research are the methods of analysis and synthesis, observation and comparison, system and historical methods, methods of legal modeling. The study gives an idea of adaptive physical education and sports, characterizes adaptive physical education and sports in key varieties and trends, gives an idea of the state and trends in the development of adaptive physical education and sports the Russian Federation.

Социальные практики и новации в адаптивных видах спорта для людей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья

Социальные практики и новации в адаптивных видах спорта для людей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья