Abstract
Background:The aim was to assess the effects of a training program inclusive of contact sports and counseling on school dropout, quality of life (QoL) and psychopathologic symptoms in the youth with a history of school dropout and psychopathic personality traits.Methods:The Experimental Group (EG) consisted of 32 subjects (male 90.6%; age 19.6±4.3 years); the Control Group (CG) consisted of an equal number matched for gender and age with the same psychological features. At the beginning of the experimental Training Program (T0), both cohorts were assessed by a diagnostic psychiatric interview (SCID ANTAS), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to evaluate QoL, the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) for the assessment of psychopathic traits, the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to measure general psychopathology. At the end of the program (T1), the coorths were evaluated by SF-12 and SRQ.Results:Twenty-seven subjects in the EG (84.4%) completed the course and underwent the evaluation at T1. The SF-12 score significantly increased from T0 to T1 in both groups, albeit this was more evident in the EG than in the CG, owing to an interaction between time and group. SRQ score significantly decreased in the EG from T0 to T1, while in the CG it did not, although the interaction between time and group was not significant.Conclusion:The experimental training program was effective in improving QoL and countering school dropout in young citizens with psychopathic traits. Further studies are needed to clarify if such results are due to a relationship between the practical tasks approach including contact sports and an improvement in mentalization processes.
Highlights
Psychopathic personality traits positively predict school dropout [1] and aggressive behavior among adolescents exposed to stressful conditions [2, 3]
In a total of 64 young people with previous school leavers, 27 (85%) in the Experimental Group (EG) were successful in school thanks to the experimental program compared to none (0%) in the Control Group (CG) (χ2 correction=46.70, 1 df, p
When we consider as the outcome measure both the achievement of academic success and/or the sustaining of their school efforts at the time of the observation, the difference is 27 people (85%) in the EG versus 5 in the CG (15.62%) (χ2 correction=30.25, 1 df, p
Summary
Psychopathic personality traits positively predict school dropout [1] and aggressive behavior among adolescents exposed to stressful conditions [2, 3]. Personality disorders included into Cluster B of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders have been found to be associated with insecure attachment in the Bowlbyan paradigm [7, 8] and the role of building relationships with a “secure base” have been highlighted as milestones in the therapy of those personality disorders and aggressive behavior in the youth [9]. According to Fonagy and Bateman, the ability to “mentalize” is intimately linked up with attachment style. They define mentalization as the “process by which we implicitly and explicitly interpret the actions of ourselves and others as meaningful based on intentional mental states (e.g., desires, needs, feelings, beliefs, and reasons)” [10]. The aim was to assess the effects of a training program inclusive of contact sports and counseling on school dropout, quality of life (QoL) and psychopathologic symptoms in the youth with a history of school dropout and psychopathic personality traits
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