Pearson Correlation Test Research Articles

Monthly seller’s bargaining power index constructed using open-source data

Purpose A tangible representation of the housing market hotness, namely, the index derived via Carrilo 2013’s concept, is widely used but difficult to construct, as it requires listing data of a geography which is not only inaccessible but also cumbersome to summarize. The purpose of this paper is to serve as a methodological extension of Carrilo 2013, presenting a process by which the seller’s bargaining power index can be easily constructed using open-source data. Design/methodology/approach The seller’s bargaining power index was first constructed using the open-source data by Zillow Research. Then, results verification approach including visualization, Pearson correlation test, Granger causality test and linear regression were used with the goal to generate empirical evidence and verify if the constructed index conforms with established relationships derived in past work, thereby substantiate accuracy of the constructed index. Findings Monthly seller’s bargaining power index was constructed for US as a whole and 250 metropolitan statistical areas through an automated process. The constructed index conforms with established evidence in terms of seasonality, trend and magnitude. The index also forms positive correlation with building permit/housing value/housing value increase rate, and negative correlation with inventory. It requires the explanatory power of multiple linear features to simulate the parameter. Seller’s bargaining power index at a national level can serve as a general indicator of economic strength, in parallel to number of building permit, housing starts and real gross domestic product. Quantitatively, the housing market of the USA is as “hot” during the COVID-19 pandemic as it was in the years before 2008. A healthy housing market appears to be one in which 75%−80% of the deals are in favor of the seller (take-it-or-leave-it). When said percentage reaches 90%, the market should be considered to be in a “bubble.” Originality/value This paper provides an easy pathway for future studies to simulate housing market hotness, and bring upon the benefit of convenience at low cost and in monthly frequency rather than quarterly or annually.

Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Pain Severity in Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronicoral ulcerative condition with an elusive etiology that is associated with excruciating pain. Psychological factors have been suspected as a possible risk factor in its onset and development. Depression, anxiety, and stressplay pivotal roles in how people experiencepain. Hence, we aimed to explore the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and the severity of pain perceived due to recurrent ulcers in RAS patients. Materials and methods A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 248 patients, comprising 124 diagnosed with RAS and 124 healthysubjects without this oral condition. Patients from both of these groups were matched with regard to age and sex and recruited over a period of one year from a dental hospital in Bengaluru, India. Patients with any other oral lesions, painful oral conditions, or systemic and psychological illnesses were excluded. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed in these patients using theDepression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). Utilizing a Visual Analog Scale, ulcer-related pain was assessed in patients with RAS. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Pearson's correlation test in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (released 2019, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The chi-square analysis showed that participants with RAS showed a statistically significanthigher prevalence of extreme stress (n = 39, 31.5%), extreme anxiety (n = 82, 66.1%), and depression (n = 38, 30.6%) as opposed to those without this oral condition. A moderately positive correlation was observed in the Pearson's test between the severity of pain experienced and stress and anxiety (r = 0.65 and 0.60, respectively, p < 0.05), while a mild positive correlation was observed between the severity of pain and depression (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). Conclusion Depression, anxiety, and stressinfluenced the severity of pain in these lesions, dictating the need for a holistic approach that integrates psychological interventions in the management of such chronic oral conditions with psychological links.

Efektifitas Pijat Woolwich Terhadap Produksi Asi di Bidan Praktek Mesra Wilayah Puskesmas Pintu Padang Kecamatan Batang Angkola Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan

In order to reduce child morbidity and mortality, the United Nations Children's Fun (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that children should only be given breast milk for at least six months (Infodatin, 2020). Adequacy of breast milk prevents hunger and malnutrition, reduces infant mortality, improves mental and cognitive development of infants. Woolwich massage increases the hormones prolactin and oxytocin which play a role in stimulating the release of milk in mothers after giving birth. Woolwich massage. carried out in the area of the lactiferous sinuses exactly 1-1.5 cm above the areola mamae, with the aim of removing the milk that is in the lactiferous sinuses. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the woolwich massage method on increasing breast milk production for the adequacy of babies in postpartum mothers in the Pintu Padang Health Center area, South Tapanuli Regency. Quasiexperimental study Woolwich massage on mammary glands. Population Mother post partum 1-4 days. The total population sample is 20 respondents. Research time June to November 2022. The results of the Pearson correlation test of 0.751 with a significance level (p) of 0.058 indicate a strong correlation and a positive direction where the woolwich massage facilitates the release of breast milk in meeting the needs of the baby. Midwives are motivated to do woolwich massage in the mammary area after assisting in childbirth.

Analisis Korelasi Kualitas Free-Body Diagram dan Penguasaan Konsep Siswa Pada Materi Dinamika

The goal of learning physics is not to memorize the formulas or equations, but to increase conceptual understanding. For increase conceptual understanding about motion, force analysis skill is the most fundamental skills needed by students. Free-body diagram will help students to analyze force. So this study aims to determine and analyze the correlation between quality of free-body diagrams and mastery of dynamics concepts. The research was conducted at SMAN 2 Sungai Penuh. The population is students of XI MIA. Using whole population sampling, 50 students. The learning process and tests on dynamics were to gather the data about quality of free-body diagram and concept understanding. Both data was normally distributed and linearly related with a positive correlation shown by a scatterplot. The Pearson correlation test conducted to show the relationship between variables. There was high correlation between the quality of free-body diagrams and conceptual understanding as indicated by the Pearson correlation coefficient . The correlation was highly positive, which means that students who draw high quality free-body diagram tend to have high conceptual understanding.

Student feedback on team-based learning in a preclinical oral surgery course: A pilot study

ObjectivesTeam-based learning (TBL) is a student-centered method where learning can be promoted and facilitated by changing the traditional teaching lecture into an active, dynamic, and more engaging problem-solving process. The present study evaluated the student's learning experience and satisfaction using a TBL method in a preclinical oral surgery course. MethodsTwelve TBL sessions were designed for second-year dental students. Six 3-h and 2-h sessions with various preclinical topics were conducted in academic Terms 1 and 2, respectively. Teaching activities such as tests and group discussions were included in the sessions. The last post-session questionnaire sought students' feedback and satisfaction to assess four parameters related to students’ knowledge acquirement, interpersonal skills enhancement, learning environment, and teacher–student relationships. ResultsMost average scores of the responses agreed with the related statements in the four parameters. The results of the Pearson's correlation test revealed that there was a significant relationship (r = 0.735; P < 0.05) between the parameters of the 3-h and 2-h sessions. ConclusionThe TBL method yielded positive and high levels of satisfaction, which may be attributed to the proper implementation of TBL methodology by the teacher and students.

Predictors of the Intention to Perform Preventive Behaviors Against the Occurrence of Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The purpose of study was to determine the predictors of the intention to perform preventive behaviors against the occurrence of breast cancer (BC) based on the protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 400 women aged 18 to 70 living in Babol city with a multi-stage sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic information, questions on BC risk factors based on the constructs of PMT. data was entered into SPSS V20 and analyzed with chi-square, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation-test and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. Results: More than of the participants were single. 66% of participants had no risk factors, 12.5% had one risk factor, 7.5% had three risk factors, and 1.5% had more than four risk factors. The strongest predictors of the intention to perform preventive behaviors against BC were perceived severity (β = 0.280), number of risk factors (β = 0.206), death of a relative due to BC (β = 0.147), and self-efficacy (β = 0.141). Among PMT constructs, perceived severity and self-efficacy constructs were the strongest predictors of preventive behaviors against BC. Conclusion: The PMT plays an important predictive role in the intention to perform cancer prevention behaviors. In this context, it is necessary to design and implement training programs based on these constructs of this model, especially the perceived intensity, self-efficacy and response efficiency.

The effect of stretching exercises before orthotic treatment on the immediate in-orthosis correction of the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A pilot study.

Stretching exercise is generally used for improving flexibility. However, its application to promote orthotic treatment for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains unknown. This study was to explore the effect of pre-orthosis stretching exercises on spinal flexibility and initial in-orthosis correction for the patients with AIS. A pilot-controlled study. An experimental group (EG) of 13 subjects (10 girls and 3 boys) with AIS allocating to self-stretching exercises and a control group (CG) of 19 AIS subjects (14 girls and 5 boys) with no stretching before orthosis fitting were recruited. The spinal flexibility of the EG was evaluated with an ultrasound imaging system and physical measurements. The initial in-orthosis correction rates between the 2 groups were compared with the independent t test, and the correlation analysis between the spinal flexibility measured from ultrasound images and physical measurement was performed with the Pearson correlation test. The initial Cobb angle of EG and CG were 25.70° ± 7.30° and 28.09° ± 5.58°, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the initial in-orthosis Cobb angle of EG (11.13° ± 6.80°) and CG (15.65° ± 9.10°) (p = 0.06). However, the spinal flexibility after stretching exercises was improved (p < 0.001), and the spinal flexibility changes measured with ultrasound and physical forward-bending method were significantly correlated (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). Stretching exercises before orthotic treatment could improve the spinal flexibility but did not cause a better in-orthosis correction. A study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period should be conducted to investigate the long-term effect of stretching exercises.

Efficacy Of Ultraviolet Irradiation For Sterilization Of Dental Instrumen Against Oral Microbiome Growth

Background: Oral microbiome bacteria can attach to a variety of surfaces including oral diagnostic devices. Oral diagnostic tools that are not properly cleaned and sterilized can be used as a place for bacteria to multiply and cause cross-infection. Objective: This research aims to test the success of sterilization equipment using Ultraviolet light to sterilize dental instruments when used for dental examination activities in the field. Methods: Randomized Experimental laboratory Pretest Posttest with Control Group Design. The subject of the study was the mouth glasses used after dental examination at UKGS. The intervention of the mouth glass was sterilized using Ultraviolet-c at three different times, namely 20 minutes, 25 minutes, and 30 minutes. Results: The results of Ultraviolet-c with One Way Anova test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p0.05) indicating a significant difference in the number of oral microbiome bacteria between sterilization time and the number of oral microbiome bacterial colonies. Pearson correlation test p-value (p0.05) it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between sterilization time and the number of oral microbiome colonies with a correlation coefficient of -0.850 which means that the longer the sterilization time, the number of oral microbiome bacteria decreases. Conclusion: Ultraviolet-c for 30 minutes is effective for sterilization of oral microbiome bacteria.

Deformable anthropomorphic pelvis phantom for dose accumulation verification

Objective. The validation of deformable image registration (DIR) for contour propagation is often done using contour-based metrics. Meanwhile, dose accumulation requires evaluation of voxel mapping accuracy, which might not be accurately represented by contour-based metrics. By fabricating a deformable anthropomorphic pelvis phantom, we aim to (1) quantify the voxel mapping accuracy for various deformation scenarios, in high- and low-contrast regions, and (2) identify any correlation between dice similarity coefficient (DSC), a commonly used contour-based metric, and the voxel mapping accuracy for each organ. Approach. Four organs, i.e. pelvic bone, prostate, bladder and rectum (PBR), were 3D printed using PLA and a Polyjet digital material, and assembled. The latter three were implanted with glass bead and CT markers within or on their surfaces. Four deformation scenarios were simulated by varying the bladder and rectum volumes. For each scenario, nine DIRs with different parameters were performed on RayStation v10B. The voxel mapping accuracy was quantified by finding the discrepancy between true and mapped marker positions, termed the target registration error (TRE). Pearson correlation test was done between the DSC and mean TRE for each organ. Main results. For the first time, we fabricated a deformable phantom purely from 3D printing, which successfully reproduced realistic anatomical deformations. Overall, the voxel mapping accuracy dropped with increasing deformation magnitude, but improved when more organs were used to guide the DIR or limit the registration region. DSC was found to be a good indicator of voxel mapping accuracy for prostate and rectum, but a comparatively poorer one for bladder. DSC > 0.85/0.90 was established as the threshold of mean TRE ⩽ 0.3 cm for rectum/prostate. For bladder, extra metrics in addition to DSC should be considered. Significance. This work presented a 3D printed phantom, which enabled quantification of voxel mapping accuracy and evaluation of correlation between DSC and voxel mapping accuracy.

Understanding the Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairment: A Single-centre Experience.

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing, leading to a rise in morbidity associated with the disease. While diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy are routinely screened in diabetic patients, the cognitive decline associated with diabetes is often overlooked. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An observational cross-sectional study was conducted for two months. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, which consists of 30 questions, was used to assess cognitive function. In-depth clinical history along with glycaemic parameters were collected. The chi-square test was used to find out the association between categorical variables and cognitive impairment. Pearson's correlation test was performed to determine the correlation between glycaemic parameters and cognitive impairment. A total of 96 patients participated in the study. The mean HbA1c (%) was 9.08 ± 1.73, and the mean MoCA score was 25.14 ± 1.63. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was noted in 56% patients. Attention was the most common cognitive domain defect found in all MCI patients-100%. Delayed recall and memory were the second most common cognitive domain defect found-92.5%. Higher HbA1c, high FBS and higher PPBS were found to be statistically associated with MCI. A negative correlation was found between glycaemic parameters (HbA1c, FBS and PPBS levels) and MoCA scores. More than half of our study participants reported mild cognitive impairment. It highlights the need for the implementation of routine cognitive testing for diabetes patients. There is a strong negative correlation between MoCA scores and parameters of glycaemic control; higher levels of HbA1c, FBS, and PPBS are seen in people with a lower MoCA score, indicating mild cognitive impairment. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether improving glucose levels helps in improving cognition or not.

Mental health and its relationship with quality of life in pregnant Iranian women with a history of primary infertility

Introduction: Considering the relatively high prevalence of infertility and its numerous psycho-social problems, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating stress, depression, and anxiety and their relationship with the quality of life in pregnant women with a history of primary infertility. Method: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 pregnant women with a history of primary infertility who referred to the infertility clinic of Al-Zahra Hospital in Tabriz. Eligible participants were selected using a convenient sampling method. Data were collected using an individual-social questionnaire, the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Vandenberg's Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Gravidarum. Data analysis was done in SPSS24 software using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression. Results: The median (percentile 25-75) of perceived stress score in mothers was 44.0 (40.2-46.0). The mean±standard deviation scores of anxiety, depression, and quality of life were 66.1±11.4 (score range: 17-119), 16.3±3.2 (score range: 0-30), and 32.3±5.2 (score range: 9-63), respectively. There was no significant correlation between perceived stress and depression and quality of life; however, a significant negative correlation was observed between anxiety and quality of life. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated a decrease in mental health in pregnant women following primary infertility. Moreover, anxiety scores had a significant and inverse correlation with quality of life. Therefore, it seems necessary to provide programs to improve the mental health of these women along with routine pregnancy care by health care providers.

Differences in Aerobic Capacity and Running Speed Across Various Somatotype Structures and Body Fat Compositions among Professional Football Athletes in Indonesia

Highlights:1. This study emphasizes the significance of understanding professional football players' various somatotype structures and body fat compositions as an important contribution to the area of sports science.This study lays the groundwork for future research to better understand the intricate interactions between somatotype structures, body composition, and athletic performance.2. Since a one-size-fits-all approach may not be successful, this study advocates for tailored evaluations of training regimens to cater to athletes' unique requirements and skills, which may lead to higher overall performance. Abstract This study investigated the effects of somatotype structures and body fat composition on professional football athletes' aerobic capacities and running speed. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects comprised 27 professional football athletes from Bhayangkara Football Club, located in Bekasi, Indonesia. This study measured several variables, i.e., players' age, playing position, somatotype structures assessed using the Somatotype Rating Form and Heath-Carter Somatochart, body fat composition measured using Brozek and Siri formulas, aerobic capacities determined by the maximum rate of oxygen (VO2 max) through the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2, and running speed over a 30 m distance. The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), frequency (n), and percentage. The Shapiro-Wilk was used to determine the normality of the data distribution. The statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the post-hoc least significant difference (LSD) test, the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the post-hoc Mann-Whitney test, as well as the independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson's or Spearman's correlation tests. A value of p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. The athletes exhibited a predominant somatotype structure of mesomorph-endomorph (88.9%). Notable associations were found between mesomorphy rating and running speed (r=-0.548; p=0.003), body fat composition and aerobic capacity (r=-0.448; p=0.019), as well as age and aerobic capacity (r=-0.515; p=0.006). Notably, differences in aerobic capacity were observed among various age groups (p=0.031). There were also differences in body fat composition (p=0.003) and running speed (p=0.036) between two distinct somatotype structures. These findings underscore the importance of considering individualized training and conditioning programs that account for athletes' unique body compositions and ages.

Correlation Between I/T Ratio, S100B, Interleukin-10 Serum, and NEWS2 Score in Sepsis

Immature/total neutrophils (I/T) ratio is a simple and inexpensive method used as an early sign of bacterial infection. Meanwhile, the S100B protein is found in glial cells and functions as a neuroprotection. Then, the interleukin-10 cytokine acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine during infection. In addition, the NEWS2 score is used to see the early and fast changes in patients with sepsis. The purpose of the study was to prove the correlation between the I/T ratio, S100B, IL-10, and NEWS2 score in patients with sepsis. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 34 patients with sepsis from September 2020 to February 2021. I/T ratio was calculated in 100 leukocytes from microscopic blood smear preparation. Levels of S100B and IL-10 serum were measured using the ELISA method. Pearson correlation test was used for normally distributed data, and the Spearman correlation test was utilized for abnormally distributed data. Correlation test between I/T ratio, S100B, and IL-10 with NEWS2 score respectively showed values of r=0.58; P=0.01, r=0.36; P=0.03, and r=0.39; P=0.02, in which P&lt;0.05. There was a moderate positive correlation between I/T ratio and NEWS2 score, a weak positive correlation between S100B and NEWS2 score, and a weak positive correlation between IL-10 and NEWS2 score.

Identification of Factors Associated with Nonspecific Neck Pain in Working Women

Abstract Objectives Neck pain is a broad term that encompasses both nonspecific neck pain and neck pain-related disorders. It causes discomfort, impaired quality of life, disability, and affects workability alike in men as well as women. This study was designed to determine prevalence and evaluate the association of different factors with the occurrence of nonspecific neck pain in working women. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on working women (n = 196) age group between 25 and 53 years. A Google Form of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated With Non-Specific Neck Pain scale and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scale was given to individuals and further objective assessment of physical factors was conducted. Statistical Analysis The association between individual, workplace, lifestyle, physical and psychological factors, and NDI levels of disability was also investigated using Pearson's correlation test and the chi-squared test using SPSS version 28.0. Results Frequency of nonspecific neck pain in working women was 47.55%. Marital status was a significant (χ2 = 8.89) factor toward occurrence of neck pain in working women. Number of working hours/week (χ2 = 19.97), number of hours spend for entertainment on the computer (χ2 = 41.84), and height of keyboard &amp; mouse (χ2 = 18.52) were significant factors leading to neck pain at workplace. Lifestyle factors such as mobile phones usage (p-value = 0.02) and posture assumed while using them (χ2 = 19.56) were significantly associated with neck disability. Levels of disability were significantly influenced by physical factors like tragus-to-wall tests (r = 0.33) and cervical flexion and extension ranges (r = 0.41 and r = 0.31). Importantly, psychological factors were strongly associated with neck pain and disability. Conclusion Factors under psychological, workplace, and lifestyle domains were found significantly associated with nonspecific neck pain in working women.

The prevalence of PTSD and coping strategies among Palestinian mental health professionals during political violence and wartime.

In times of war, mental health professionals are at an increased risk of developing psychological problems, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The effects of conflicts or wars on mental health professionals in Palestine and their coping methods of dealing with these challenges remain unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD symptoms and strategies for coping among mental health professionals in Palestine, in light of the ongoing Gaza war and political violence. The study utilized a cross-sectional research design. Self-reported questionnaires, including the PCL-5 and Brief COPE scales, were used to gather data. The relationship between the research variables and PTSD symptoms was investigated using frequencies, percentages, bivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and Pearson's chi-square test. A total of 514 participants were recruited, with an estimated prevalence of PTSD of 38.7%. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis revealed that having a prior history of trauma and feeling disabled or unable to deal with your patients during the current Gaza war and Israeli-Palestinian political violence increases the likelihood of developing PTSD symptoms. In addition, using venting, self-blame, and behavioral disengagement as coping strategies increases the likelihood of developing symptoms of PTSD. Moreover, using acceptance and substance use as coping strategies reduces the risk of developing PTSD symptoms. The findings revealed a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms among mental health professionals during wartime and political violence. As a result, mental health professionals need immediate assistance in enhancing their mental wellbeing through supervision, psychotherapy, and comprehensive and continuous training.

Correlation between VCAM-1 Level and Absolute Monocyte Count in Coronary Artery Disease

To prove the correlation between VCAM-1 level and absolute monocyte count among Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients. The study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The research subjects were 74 CAD patients who had been proven by coronary angiography and were treated in the Cardiology Department of Central General Hospital by Dr. Kariadi Semarang. This study was conducted from March to July 2021. VCAM-1 levels were examined with the ELISA method, using BioTek ELX800 Microplate reader (USA), and absolute monocyte count was analyzed with flow cytometry method, using Hematology Analyzer SYSMEX XN-1000 (Japan). Statistical analysis was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient test, in which p&lt;0.05 was considered significant. The mean VCAM-1 level was (361.78±128.01) ng/mL. The mean absolute monocyte count was (0.48±0.17) ×103/µL. The result of the Pearson correlation test showed a moderate positive correlation between VCAM-1 levels and absolute monocyte count in CAD patients (p=0.00; r=0.46). There was a moderate positive correlation between VCAM-1 level and absolute monocyte count in CAD patients. A positive correlation exists between VCAM-1 level and absolute monocyte count among CAD patients.

Relationship between benzene concentration, MDA levels and kidney function in car painting workshops in Surabaya: A cross-sectional observational study

Background Car painting workers are at risk because of the use of solvents containing benzene as the main ingredient in the car painting process. One of the clinical effects of systemic benzene is kidney disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between benzene and Risk Quotient (RQ) benzene concentrations with Malondialdehyde (MDA), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels in workers exposed to benzene in car painting workshops in Surabaya. Methods This study used an observational design with a cross-sectional method conducted at two car paint workshops in Surabaya. The study population was all workers exposed to benzene in the two car paint workshops, aged between 20-65 years in 2019. The sample was taken using an accidental sampling method, involving 30 respondents. Inclusion criteria included workers exposed to benzene and willing to participate, while exclusion criteria included workers with a liver or kidney disease history. The variables studied included benzene concentration, benzene RQ (benzene metabolite), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of oxidative stress, and indicators of kidney function (BUN and creatinine levels). Data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate analysis with Pearson correlation test. Results There was no significant relationship between concentrations, RQ benzene, and MDA levels in workers in painting in Surabaya (p&gt; 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene concentration, BUN levels, and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p&gt; 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene RQ and BUN and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusions This study's results indicate that benzene's effects do not lead to impaired kidney function. The benzene RQ variable in this study did not become a determining factor in BUN and creatinine levels in workers.

The Impact of Learning Skills on Academic Achievement and Learning Outcomes in High School

In obtaining student achievements and learning outcomes, students must have good skills and abilities. However, the fact is that many students still have low achievement and learning outcomes. This is urgent to research because there is a difference between theoretical expectations and reality to analyze learning skills and academic achievement within groups and to analyze differences in learning skills between male students and female students. The method in this research is quantitative by testing ANOVA. The subjects were 180 high school students. Data collection technique is using a learning skills instrument that contains two parts. The first section contains the demographics of the respondents. The second part also contains questions regarding learning skills. Instruments are assessed on a critical scale of 1 to 5 by distributing instruments using Google. A data analysis technique is using SPSS Version 25.0. Data analysis was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test to measure the relationship between learning skills and academic achievement. The results and findings show that the exam results show that there are no significant differences in learning skills among fourth-level students of different genders. ANOVA test results show that there are differences in learning skills among students in achieving academic achievement. The Pearson correlation test shows that there is a positive relationship between learning proficiency and academic achievement. The conclusion is that in obtaining achievements and learning outcomes, individual student learning skills and good academic performance are still needed.

The effect of psychology factors and environmental concerns on mass rapid transit usage intention among private vehicle users in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Abstract Since its introduction in 2016, Malaysia has made improvements to the mass rapid transit (MRT) system; however, the current year’s usage figures are below expectations and do not meet target levels. Thus, the purpose of this study is to look at the elements that influence the behavioural intentions of private vehicle users to use the MRT in Malaysia. In this study, A total of 403 respondents who are private vehicle users from the Klang Valley were involved and the Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between the factors that potentially influence the behavioural intention to use MRT among private vehicle users. Next, the factors influencing private car users’ behavioral intention to utilize MRT were also investigated using the multiple linear regression method. The findings of Pearson’s correlation analysis show that all factors namely environmental concerns, perceived behavioural control, attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioural intention have a positive and significant relationship among those factors. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression model demonstrated that drivers of private vehicles are significantly influenced by attitude, subjective norms, and environmental concerns to switch to MRT as a mode of transportation.

The Relationship Between Nutrient Intake (Protein, Zinc, Iron), Parenting, and Sanitary Hygiene on The Incidence of Stunting

Introduction: Stunting is a condition where the length or height of a toddler is below his age group. This condition is measured by length or height according to age &lt; -2 SD, which WHO has determined. This study aimed to determine the relationship between intake of nutrients (protein, zinc, and iron), parenting styles, and sanitation hygiene on the incidence of stunting. The method used is a cross-sectional study design. Methods: The research sample was 73 mothers under five. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The analysis used is the Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between protein intake and stunting (p-value = 0.159), zinc intake and stunting (p-value = 0.192), and iron intake and stunting (p-value = 0.365). Parenting style with stunting (p-value = 0.025) and the relationship between sanitation hygiene and stunting (p-value = 0.022). Conclusion: The most dominant variable in the incidence of stunting is sanitary hygiene (coefficient β = 0.218, p-value = 0.002).