Pearson Correlation Test Research Articles

Role of stress and physical activity on primary dysmenorrhea: A cross-sectional study.

The initial physiological change in adolescent girls is the onset of menstruation. The most prevalent challenge they face regarding menstruation is primary dysmenorrhea, characterized by persistent or intermittent pelvic pain in the lower abdomen. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of stress levels and physical activities on primary dysmenorrhea. A cross-sectional was conducted in Cirebon, Indonesia, in 2023 included young women who had never given birth (nullipara), aged 17-25 years old, had menstruated, and had no history of smoking and alcohol. The data were collected using a set of questionnaires consisting of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to determine primary dysmenorrhea pain, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 42 (DASS 42) to determine the level of stress and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to determine physical activity. Pearson's correlation test was used to assess the correlation between the variables (stress levels, physical activity, and dysmenorrhea). A total of 150 young women were included in the study. Moderate stress levels (23.3%) and high physical activity (90.7%) were the most prevalent category observed among studied participants. Approximately 42% of them experienced mild dysmenorrhea pain. Our analysis indicated that stress levels and physical activities had strong positive and negative correlations with dysmenorrhea pain levels, with r=0.782 and r=-0.748, respectively, with both had p<0.001. This highlights that controlling stress could be beneficial in preventing dysmenorrhea pain among young women.

Correlation of Serum Sodium and Potassium With Thiamin Levels in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Introduction Chronic metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM) are becoming a global health concern. According to recent studies, the pathophysiology of DM may involve factors other than traditional glycemic control, such as electrolyte balance and thiamin status. Therefore, this study evaluated the relationship between sodium and potassium and serum thiamin levels in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Methods This study was conducted in multiple diabetic outpatient clinics and centers in Karachi, Pakistan, using a non-probability convenience sampling method. The study lasted for approximately six months after the synopsis was approved. A total of 64 patients were selected, 32 of whom each had type 1 and type 2 DM. All patients who were between the ages of 25 and 46 years old and had either type 1 or type 2 DM were included in the study. A Mann-Whitney test and an independent t-test were used to compare the means between the two study groups. Pearson's correlation and chi-square tests were used to determine the variables, correlations, and associations with type 1 and type 2 DM. Results The study findings showed that the distribution of gender among diabetic patients revealed that among males, eight (25.0%) had type 1 DM, and 10 (31.2%) had type 2 DM. Among females, 24 (75.0%) had type 1 DM, and 22 (68.8%) had type 2 DM. Significant correlations were observed in the means of blood glucose levels, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and serum thiamin levels, among patients with type 1 and type 2 DM (p < 0.001). The HbA1c, FBS, and serum thiamin levels were significantly higher in type 2 DM patients than in type 1 DM patients. Among patients with type 1 DM, sodium levels were not substantially correlated with thiamin levels (p = 0.570, r = 0.104), whereas potassium levels were significantly correlated with thiamin levels (p = 0.005, r = 0.263). Conclusion We conclude that the sodium level was not significantly correlated with serum thiamin status in type 1 and type 2 DM, whereas a low positive correlation was observed between potassium and serum thiamin levels in type 1 DM. However, there was no significant correlation concerning potassium levels in type 2 DM.

The Use of Blended Learning Based Flipped Classroom towards Students’ Reading Comprehension Achievement and Perspectives

The study conducted a profound exploration on the potential impacts of a blended learning-based flipped classroom method on students' reading comprehension and their perception towards it. The methodology used a quantitative quasi-experimental approach with purposive sampling in a state senior high school in Palembang. The process of collecting data involved the utilization of questionnaires, post-tests, and pre-tests. Either experimental and control class has 25 students. The test's reliability and validity were thoroughly examined through the employment of the Split-Half technique as well as the Aiken formula. Furthermore, in an effort to establish dependability for the questionnaire, Pearson Correlation testing methods were utilized. A comprehensive data analysis covered broad statistical areas including application of Shapiro-Wilk procedure, Levene Statistics test evaluating homogeneity characteristics, deployment of independent samples t-test and incorporation of Cohen's d in hypothesis validation procedures. Post intervention results from experimental group significantly indicated marked improvements in reading comprehension following hypothesis assessment. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) was thereby substantiated, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0). Additionally, students perceive the blended learning-based flipped classroom as an enjoyable teaching approach that enhances their engagement in the learning process and aids improvement in areas that require attention. These findings imply that implementing the blended learning-based flipped classroom could be a valuable resource for English teachers, offering advantages to students such as improved accessibility and readiness for reading comprehension learning.

Anemia and Fatigue in Patients with Chronic Kidney Failure

Chronic renal failure results in impaired kidney function, effectively eliminating metabolic waste and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. The accumulation of waste metabolites is thought to impact the occurrence of anemia and fatigue. However, no research has shown a correlation between the incidence of anemia and fatigue in sufferers of chronic kidney failure. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and the degree of fatigue experienced by individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. This research uses a cross-sectional study approach. The study population consisted of patients with chronic kidney failure at one of the hospitals in Lumajang Regency who were identified by the indicator of high BUN values. The sample size for this research was 50 people selected through purposive sampling. The data type used is primary data, with the independent variable being the Hb value, while the dependent variable is the level of fatigue in chronic kidney failure patients. The results of the Pearson correlation test in this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the percentage of hemoglobin levels in the blood and the level of fatigue in chronic kidney failure patients (p-value = &lt;0,000; α = 0.05), with a strength of relationship 0,6092 which means the level Hemoglobin in the blood and the level of fatigue have a perfect degree of correlation. In patients with chronic renal failure and low hemoglobin levels, their fatigue levels will become more severe. Insufficient hemoglobin levels lead to a reduced count of red blood cells, causing a decline in the body's capacity to transport oxygen. This inadequate oxygen supply hampers the oxidation process and energy production in the form of ATP within the body's cells. Consequently, patients with chronic renal failure may undergo a substantial decrease in energy levels and experience significant tiredness.

Increased Th17 and Treg levels in peripheral blood positively correlate with minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Immune dysregulation plays a key role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to explore the correlation between T helper cell 17 (Th17) and the regulatory cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of patients with newly diagnosed (ND) AML and bone marrow blast cells, as well as minimal residual disease (MRD) before and after treatment. Changes in Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 32 patients with ND AML were observed before and after induction chemotherapy with cytarabine for seven days and anthracycline for three days. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis between bone marrow blast cells and Th17 and Treg cell frequencies was performed using the Pearson's correlation test. Frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells and MRD were assessed using flow cytometry. IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and GM-CSF levels gradually increased in patients with ND AML and CR and NR patients. The percentages of Th17 and Treg cells positively correlated with those of blast cells. In addition, the frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells in MRD-positive patients were higher than those in MRD-negative patients at the initial induction and after three months of chemotherapy. The frequencies of Tregs and Th17 cells positively correlated with MRD onset. Increased Th17 and Treg cell levels were positively correlated with onset of AML, poor remission, and MRD.

Fatigue assessment in children and adolescents undergoing oncology treatment

Objective: To evaluate the fatigue of children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 31 children and adolescents aged 5-17 years, undergoing cancer treatment. Data collection was carried out in the period January-August 2022 in a large pediatric hospital in Southern Brazil. There, the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM Multidimensional Fatigue Scale questionnaire was applied to assess fatigue and collect clinical and sociodemographic data. In descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used. Categorical variables were presented using absolute and relative frequencies. In inferential statistics, we use the Pearson or Spermann correlation tests with a significance level of 5%. Results: the prevalence of males (n=19; 61.3%) was observed. The mean age was 10.6±3.64 years and the mean treatment time was 6.0±3.3 months. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=9; 29%) and central nervous system tumors (n=5; 16.2%) were the most prevalent oncological diseases. Chemotherapy was the most prevalent treatment modality (n=17; 54.8%) in participants; the combined modalities of chemotherapy with radiotherapy or surgery were those that caused the greatest increase in fatigue. Conclusion: Fatigue was present in all participants in this study. The tiredness dimension relative to sleep and/or rest was the one that presented the lowest scores, justifying the low scores also found in the general tiredness dimension.

Quantifying the Performance of Professional Athletes Following Traumatic Tibial Fractures.

A tibial fracture is an uncommon, yet severe injury that occurs in professional athletes within all major sports leagues. These injuries are often debilitating for professional athletes and can require extensive rehabilitation prior to returning to play. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a tibial fracture on athletic performance in all four major United States sports leagues. A publicly available professional sports database, Pro Sports Transactions, was queried for tibial injuries from January 01, 2015, to May 31, 2023. The search included all four major U.S. sports leagues. To quantify and compare athletic ability before and after injury, performance-based statistics were collected from standardized player ratings in periods surrounding the date of injury. The percent change in player performance was measured and stratified. The Pearson correlation test was used to analyze player demographics. There were a total of 24 professional athletes who suffered 28 confirmed tibial fractures across all leagues. Upon return, there was a 14.7% decrease in overall player performance across all leagues. National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League athletes had a decrease of 34.5%, 29.1%, and 14.2%, respectively, following their return to play. Major League Baseball players demonstrated an 8.1% increase in player performance following their recovery from tibial fracture. Players who suffer tibial fractures often undergo immediate surgery and, in unfortunate cases, may require multiple subsequent procedures. Additionally, athletes spend several months recovering prior to their return. Upon return, athletes' performance may be decreased; however, further study is required to strengthen the association between player performance and tibial fracture recovery.

Dimensions Affecting Consumer Acceptance towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) Service in the Food and Beverage Industry in Klang Valley

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a computational approach that aims to approximate human intellect in a more simplified way in order to address technical issues that are beyond the scope of traditional computer approaches. According to the evolution of technology, AI had made their presence in almost every business such as food and beverage. The presence of AI is benefiting food makers and merchants by assisting them in better understanding their consumer through AI. Therefore, the objectives of the research to focusing on factors that affects consumer’s acceptance towards AI service in the food and beverage industry. Factors that include convenience and service quality adopted from is known as AISAQUAL. It consists of 6 dimensions which are efficiency, security, availability, enjoyment, contact and anthropomorphism. In this study, a total of 401 respondents were collected, specifically respondents who had experienced AI service in the food and beverage industry. All data collected was analyze through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and various type of analysis which include reliability test, normality test, Pearson Correlation Test and Regression test were used in this study to measure the data collected. In short, the result shown that there is a relationship betweenconvenience, security, contact, availability and anthropomorphism towards consumer acceptance on AI in the food and beverage industry. Meanwhile efficiency and enjoyment dimensions were not affecting much on consumer acceptance towards AI service in the food and beverage industry in Klang Valley.

The quality of nursing care from the perspective of hospitalized school-age children

PurposeHospitalized children’s satisfaction with the care they receive is the main indicator for evaluating the way nurses should provide services and the quality of these services. The current study aimed to examine school-aged children's perceptions of nursing care quality. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 144 children aged 7–11 years were selected through a convenience sampling method. The data collection tool included The Child Care Quality at Hospital Questionnaire, and the personal- and family-related and disease-related factors questionnaire. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression test were used for data analysis. ResultsBased on the findings, the highest score of nursing care quality was related to characteristics domain (13 ± 1.7). In addition, the children's age, father's education and history of hospitalization were related to nurses' characteristics domain; mother's education and length of hospital stay were related to nursing activities domain; and mother's education, father's occupation and length of hospital stay were related to nursing environment domain. ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that children's nurses can provide better quality care to children by paying attention to nurses' characteristics and then the scope of activities and care environment. Practice implicationsConsidering the factors affecting the nursing care quality, a conscious step should also be taken for strategic planning of care.

Knowledge, attitude, practice, needs, and implementation status of intensive care unit staff toward continuous renal replacement therapy: a survey of 66 hospitals in central and South China

BackgroundContinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a commonly utilized form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care unit (ICU). A specialized CRRT team (SCT, composed of physicians and nurses) engage playing pivotal roles in administering CRRT, but there is paucity of evidence-based research on joint training and management strategies. This study armed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of ICU staff toward CRRT, and to identify education pathways, needs, and the current status of CRRT implementation.MethodsThis study was performed from February 6 to March 20, 2023. A self-made structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, T-tests, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests (α = 0.05) were employed.ResultsA total of 405 ICU staff from 66 hospitals in Central and South China participated in this study, yielding 395 valid questionnaires. The mean knowledge score was 51.46 ± 5.96 (61.8% scored highly). The mean attitude score was 58.71 ± 2.19 (73.9% scored highly). The mean practice score was 18.15 ± 0.98 (85.1% scored highly). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that gender, age, years of CRRT practice, ICU category, and CRRT specialist panel membership independently affected the knowledge score; Educational level, years of CRRT practice, and CRRT specialist panel membership independently affected the attitude score; Education level and teaching hospital employment independently affected the practice score. The most effective method for ICU staff to undergo training and daily work experience is within the department.ConclusionICU staff exhibit good knowledge, a positive attitude and appropriately practiced CRRT. Extended CRRT practice time in CRRT, further training in a general ICU or teaching hospital, joining a CRRT specialist panel, and upgraded education can improve CRRT professional level. Considering the convenience of training programs will enhance ICU staff participation. Training should focus on basic CRRT principles, liquid management, and alarm handling.

Enhancing Students' Interpretation and Self-regulation Skills Through Socio-scientific Issues (SSI) Approach Related to Environmental Change Topic

This study aimed to determine the effect of SSI learning on environmental change topics on students’ interpretation (SIS) and self-regulated skills (SRS). The method used was pre-experiment with one group pre-test and post-test design. The participants in this study were 57 students in 7th grade (32 boys and 25 girls) chosen using a random sampling technique. The instrument was a test with 6 essay questions for interpretation and self-regulation. Research data were analyzed through prerequisite tests, paired sample t-tests, n-gain scores, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test, and Pearson correlation test. The results prove that SSI learning for these topics had no significant effect on students’ interpretation skills and self-regulation. The n-gain score analysis also proves that only 0.34 for interpretation skills and 0.36 for self-regulated skills are in the moderate category. However, the cluster analysis shows differences in student SIS and SRS for low levels but not middle and high ones. Finally, the Pearson correlation test shows a positive relationship between students’ interpretation and self-regulated skills. Keywords: self-regulation skills, Socio-scientific Issues (SSI), environmental change

Physical Activity, Self-Care, and Menopausal Symptoms among Women in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: Adherence to Postmenopausal Guidelines (PMGs).

Menopause is a physiological change in which the menstrual period permanently ends. Every woman experiences this transition in different ways between the ages of 40 and 55. Women may have menopausal symptoms as a result of low estrogen levels. Self-care is a practice which women can use to maintain their wellness. This study aimed to assess physical activity, self-care, and menopausal symptoms and their associations with selected variables. The results showed that women should adhere to postmenopausal guidelines (PMGs). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 212 menopausal women randomly selected from health centers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The international physical activity tool, a self-care questionnaire, and the Kupperman menopausal index scale were used to assess women's physical activity, self-care, and menopausal symptoms, respectively. The chi-square and Pearson correlation tests were used for analysis. The women were 55.01 ± 6.87 years old, and 40.6% reached menopause between the ages of 46 and 50 years; 57.1% of the women had low physical activity, which was associated with menopausal symptoms (p < 0.022). The highest mean score (29.63 ± 5.83) was obtained for physical health, while the lowest (11.92 ± 3.58) was found in self-care screening tests. Regarding menopausal symptoms, 25.9% had mild, 69.8% had moderate, and 4.3% had severe symptoms. A significant association was found between menopausal symptoms and age, menopausal age, education, body mass index, and PMGs awareness at p < 0.001. Self-care positively correlated with menopausal symptoms (p < 0.001). Therefore, attention should be given to women's adherence to PMGs so that they can enjoy healthier lives after menopause.

Relationship between workplace spirituality with organization-based self-esteem and workplace deviant behaviors among Iranian nurses

BackgroundDespite the numerous studies conducted on workplace spirituality, there is still lack of studies that have explored the relationship between workplace spirituality with organization-based self-esteem and workplace deviant behaviors. This study aims to examine the relationship between workplace spirituality with organization-based self-esteem and workplace deviant behaviors among Iranian nurses.Methods236 nurses from 5 hospitals participated in this descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study from August to December 2022. Data was gathered by four questionnaires: demographic information, workplace spirituality, organization-based self-steam, and workplace deviant behaviors. The data were analyzed by SPSS 26 based on descriptive and inferential statistics (Independent Two-sample t Test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression).ResultsBased on the findings, nurses had a moderate level of perception of workplace spirituality and organization-based self-esteem while having a low level of perception regarding the occurrence of workplace deviate behaviors. Results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between workplace spirituality and organization-based self-esteem. Additionally, there was an inverse and significant relationship between workplace spirituality and organization-based self-esteem with workplace deviant behaviors. Results of multiple regression analyses indicate that by controlling the demographic characteristics of nurses, the meaningful work and sense of community have a significant relationship with organization-based self-esteem. Furthermore, by controlling the demographic characteristics of nurses, permanent employment status, sense of community, alignment with the organization’s values, and organization-based self-esteem have a significant relationship with workplace deviant behavior.ConclusionsThe study suggests that organizations must prioritize promoting workplace spirituality and organization-based self-esteem to ensure a healthy work environment and prevent workplace deviant behaviors.

Automated Analysis of Nuclear Parameters in Oral Exfoliative Cytology Using Machine Learning.

As oral cancer remains a major worldwide health concern, sophisticated diagnostic tools are needed to aid in early diagnosis. Non-invasive methods like exfoliative cytology, albeit with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), have drawn additional interest. The study aimed to harness the power of machine learning algorithms for the automated analysis of nuclear parameters in oral exfoliative cytology. Further, the analysis of two different AI systems, namely convoluted neural networks (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM), were compared for accuracy. A comparative diagnostic study was performed in two groups of patients (n=60). The control group without evidence of lesions (n=30) and the other group with clinically suspicious oral malignancy (n=30) were evaluated. All patients underwent cytological smears using an exfoliative cytology brush, followed by routine Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Image preprocessing, data splitting, machine learning, model development, feature extraction, and model evaluation were done. An independent t-test was run on each nuclear characteristic, and Pearson's correlation coefficient test was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) software (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0. IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). The study found substantial variations between the study and control groups in nuclear size (p<0.05), nuclear shape (p<0.01), and chromatin distribution (p<0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient of SVM was 0.6472, and CNN was 0.7790, showing that SVM had more accuracy. The availability of multidimensional datasets, combined with breakthroughs in high-performance computers and new deep-learning architectures, has resulted in an explosion of AI use in numerous areas of oncology research. The discerned diagnostic accuracy exhibited by the SVM and CNN models suggests prospective improvements in early detection rates, potentially improving patient outcomes and enhancing healthcare practices.

Effects of modafinil on nocturnal sleep patterns in patients with narcolepsy: A cohort study

BackgroundPatients with narcolepsy often experience disturbed nighttime sleep. Modafinil is commonly prescribed for hypersomnolence, but its impacts on nocturnal sleep remain unclear. This study uses actigraphy to examine the effect of modafinil on both hypersomnolence and nocturnal sleep patterns in patients with narcolepsy. MethodsPrior to treatment, 87 patients with narcolepsy wore an actigraphy for 7–14 days to assess their nighttime sleep. After evaluation, they received a daily dose of 200–400 mg of modafinil in the morning and wore an actigraphy again six months after initiating treatment. Questionnaires, including the Epworth-Sleepiness-Scale (ESS), the Visual-Analogue-for-Hypersomnolence (VAS), and the Short-Form-36-Health-Survey (SF-36), were used to evaluate hypersomnolence and quality of life both before and after treatment. Paired t-tests and independent samples t-tests were used for pre- and post-treatment comparisons and subgroup analysis. We used the Pearson's correlation test to measure the correlations between the sleep parameters of the actigraphy and data of the questionnaires. ResultsImprovements in hypersomnolence were noted following modafinil treatment, and we observed no significant deterioration in nocturnal sleep parameters by the actigraphy. The total number of awakenings by actigraphy significantly decreased (p = 0.005), especially in females (p = 0.008), while sleep onset latency significantly increased in children/adolescents (p = 0.014). Correlations were found between the sleep parameters of the actigraphy and ESS, VAS, and SF-36 scores. ConclusionModafinil treatment may not worsen nighttime sleep in patients with narcolepsy. However, it should be administered with care in children and adolescents.

A novel MRI-based Cervical-Endplate Bone Quality score independently predicts cage subsidence after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Postoperative cage subsidence after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) often has adverse clinical consequences and is closely related to Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Previous studies have shown that cage subsidence can be better predicted by measuring site-specific bone density. MRI-based Endplate Bone Quality (EBQ) scoring effectively predicts cage subsidence after lumbar interbody fusion. However, there is still a lack of studies on the practical application of EBQ scoring in the cervical spine. To create a similar MRI-based scoring system for Cervical-EBQ (C-EBQ) and to assess the correlation of the C-EBQ with endplate Computed Tomography (CT)-Hounsfield Units (HU) and the ability of this scoring system to independently predict cage subsidence after ACDF, comparing the predictive ability of the C-EBQ with the Cervical-Vertebral Bone Quality (C-VBQ) score. A total of 161 patients who underwent single-level ACDF for degenerative cervical spondylosis at our institution from 2012 to 2022 were included. Demographics, procedure-related data, and radiological data were collected, and Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlation between C-EBQ and endplate HU values. Cage subsidence was defined as fusion segment height loss of ≥ 3mm. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and area-under-the-curve values were used to assess the predictive ability of C-EBQ and C-VBQ. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to identify potential risk factors associated with subsidence. Cage subsidence was present in 65 (40.4%) of 161 patients. The mean C-EBQ score was 1.81 ± 0.35 in the group without subsidence and 2.59 ± 0.58 in the group with subsidence (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a higher C-EBQ score was significantly associated with subsidence (OR = 5.700; 95%CI = 3.435-8.193; P<0.001), was the only independent predictor of cage subsidence after ACDF, had a predictive accuracy of 93.7%, which was superior to the C-VBQ score (89.2%), and was significantly negatively correlated with the endplate HU value (r = -0.58, P < 0.001). Higher C-EBQ scores were significantly associated with postoperative cage subsidence after ACDF. There was a significant negative correlation between C-EBQ and endplate HU values. The C-EBQ score may be a promising tool for assessing preoperative bone quality and postoperative cage subsidence and is superior to the C-VBQ.

The relationship between Southeastern Iran students’ self-esteem and interest in Major

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between students' self-esteem and interest in majoring in southeastern Iran. This was a cross-sectional study on­ 480­ medical students living in dormitories selected by the non-probability convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and satisfaction with the major scale, which were completed through interviews.­ The Pearson correlation test results showed no relationship between male and female students ‘scores of satisfaction with their major and self-esteem. The mean scores of general self-esteem and total self-esteem in females were higher than in males, but the mean score of academic self-esteem was significantly higher in males. ­In terms of social self-esteem, the highest score was related to people with high social support and people who were well-adapted to their environment. The need for students ‘interest in a major cannot create high self-esteem in this group, and to have students with high self-esteem requires family and social support and the ability to adapt to the environment. Keywords: Educational status; general health; self-esteem; university student

Innovation ecosystem for smart product: empirical quantification of its key dimensions in SMEs of 21 European countries

This paper aims to quantify the innovation ecosystem model for allowing the development of smart products at the country level. In this regard, the research used an empirical approach to scale and validate the six dimensions of an innovation ecosystem model among the small and medium-sized enterprises of 21 European countries. The quantitative methods of panel data analysis and Pearson correlation tests between variables of the innovation ecosystem and smart products were considered to examine six research hypotheses. Three dimensions of the innovation ecosystem model, i.e., configuration, change, and capability, have enough effects to accelerate high levels of smart products in the small and medium-sized enterprises of European countries, supporting the external and internal economic partnerships of institutions and companies, cultural changes in functional status, and knowledge-based capabilities of technological skills in each ecosystem. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis for the classification of the countries showed that some countries, e.g., the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, France, and Norway, could support their powerful smart products for small and medium-sized enterprises at the national level due to their high mean innovation ecosystem values. Overall, the research can describe the managerial implications regarding the knowledge-based capabilities of the technological skills in each ecosystem to be utilized by managers and stakeholders in small and medium-sized enterprises.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Saudi Arabia and Its Association with Socioeconomic Status and Depression.

Background and Objectives: Several RCTs have reported significant reductions in depression symptoms with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), but observational studies have reported inconsistent findings. Moreover, studies have rarely investigated the mediating role of socioeconomic status (SES), including objective material status, in adherence to the MedDiet and its impact on depressive symptoms in the same population. Therefore, this cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between adherence to the MedDiet, socioeconomic factors, and depression severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between June and December 2022 across Saudia Arabia. The snowball sampling technique was used to recruit participants aged ≥18 years. Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess adherence to the MedDiet and depression severity. An SES index, validated in the Saudi Arabian context, was used to assess SES. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Pearson's correlation tests. Results: Only 21% of our study population (n = 467) was MedDiet adherent. Adherence was significantly associated with education (p = 0.014) but not employment status among traditional SES indicators. Similarly, only television ownership (p = 0.009) was associated with MedDiet adherence among the 20 objective material possessions investigated. Nonetheless, the MedDiet-adherent group had a significantly lower PHQ-9 score than the non-adherent group (6.16 ± 0.68 vs. 8.35 ± 0.31, p = 0.002). A moderate but significantly negative correlation between MEDAS and PHQ-9 scores (r = -0.16, p = 0.001) was noted. Conclusions: MedDiet adherence was associated with lower depression severity scores. In addition to education and television ownership, adherence was not associated with any objective indicators of SES.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND RELIGIOSITY IN PREDICTING PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AMONG ISRAELI PALESTINIAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

&lt;p&gt;Previous studies have revealed that emotional intelligence and religiosity may be protective factors for psychological resilience; however, this study is unique since it is the first to explore the relationships among the Palestinian minority in Israel. The purpose of the current study was to examine emotional intelligence and religiosity as predictors of psychological resilience among Palestinian high school students. A cross-sectional and descriptive design study was carried out with a convenience sample consisting of 512 high school students. Three scales administered were: The Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), the Religiosity Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were used to analyse the data. Linear regression analysis was performed to check the prediction of emotional intelligence and religiosity on psychological resilience. The findings revealed positive correlations between emotional intelligence and religiosity with psychological resilience respectively (r=.73, p&amp;lt;.01), (r=.41, p&amp;lt;.01). The main contribution of the present study is its approach in examining the relationship between emotional intelligence and religiosity to psychological resilience among high school students, specifically within the context of Palestinian society in Israel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/lit/0757/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;