Pearson Correlation Test Research Articles

Cortical excitability in patients with migraine with aura and depressive symptoms: a visual evoked potentials study

Background: Migraine is a brain disorder characterized by recurring headache attacks, and emotional comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, may influence the repetition of these attacks. The lack of sensory habituation is a common neurophysiological abnormality in migraine, and research suggests that it is under the influence of serotonin and other monoamines that are also involved in mood disorders. This study aimed to investigate the influence of emotional symptoms on cortical information processing in patients with migraine with aura by correlating cortical activity with self-perceived emotional distress. Methods: Visual evoked potentials from monocular stimulation were recorded in 16 patients with migraine with aura (MA) and 22 healthy volunteers (HV). The visual stimulus consisted of a full-screen black-and-white checkerboard pattern with a reversal rate of 1.55 Hz. 600 consecutive traces were collected and divided into six sequential blocks of 100 sweeps. Before the recording session, both MA patients and HV completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Pearson's correlation test was used to find correlations between electrophysiological and psychometric variables in HV and MA patients. Results: Compared to HV, MA patients showed a significant difference in the degree of habituation to repeated visual stimulation between the two groups, resulting in a habitation deficit. Psychometric test results showed that trait STAI and BDI values were significantly higher in MA patients. In the MA group, BDI correlated negatively with the amplitude of the first block and positively with the degree of habituation. Conclusions: These results highlight a link between the level of brain responsiveness and depressive symptoms in patients with MA. Further research is required to confirm whether the same correlations exist in patients with other headache disorders.

Exploring the association between the Arabic version of the Traffic Locus of Control, driving behavior, and road traffic crashes: A multidimensional approach.

The Traffic Locus of Control scale (T-LOC) serves as a measure of drivers' personality attributes, providing insights into their perceptions of potential causes of road traffic crashes (RTCs). This study meticulously evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of T-LOC (T-LOC-A) among Lebanese drivers. Additionally, the study aimed to explore associations between the T-LOC scale and various driving variables, including driver behavior, accident involvement, and traffic offenses. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Lebanese drivers using a face-to-face approach. The validation of the Arabic version of T-LOC (T-LOC-A) occurred through a two-stage process: translating and culturally adapting T-LOC in the first stage, and testing its psychometric properties in the second stage. Data were collected using a comprehensive self-reported questionnaire in Arabic, covering demographic and travel-related variables, risk involvement, and measures such as the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and T-LOC. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to scrutinize the factorial structure of T-LOC. Pearson correlation and chi-square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Two logistic regression analyses were executed to probe associations between T-LOC and involvement in road traffic crashes (RTCs) and T-LOC subscales with the occurrence of traffic offenses. The study included 568 drivers, predominantly male (69%) and aged between 30 and 49 years (42.1%). The findings revealed that T-LOC-A exhibited robust psychometric properties, with excellent reliabilities (α = 0.85) and adherence to the original four-factor structure, encompassing self (α = 0.88), other drivers (α = 0.91), vehicle/environment (α = 0.86), and fate (α = 0.66). The multidimensional structure was statistically supported by favorable fit indices. Gender differences revealed men attributing responsibility to other drivers, while women leaned towards fate and luck beliefs. Regarding driver behavior, the "other drivers" and self-dimensions of T-LOC-A correlated positively with aggressive violations. The fate dimension showed positive associations with aggressive violations and lapses. The "other drivers" subscale correlated positively with errors, and the vehicle/environment subscale with lapses. External T-LOC factors were positively associated with accident involvement, while the "LOC self" factor emerged as a protective element. In terms of traffic offenses, "LOC fate" displayed a positive association, while the "LOC self" factor showed a protective effect. In conclusion, the Arabic T-LOC is a reliable and valuable instrument, suggesting potential improvements in driving safety by addressing drivers' locus of control perceptions.

The mediating effects of self-efficacy and study engagement on the relationship between specialty identity and career maturity of Chinese nursing students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCareer maturity is a crucial indicator of career preparedness and unpreparedness can cause the turnover of new nurses. Considerable empirical work demonstrates the potential associations between specialty identity, self-efficacy, study engagement, and career maturity. This study aimed to explore the mediation role of self-efficacy and study engagement on the relationships between specialty identity and career maturity among Chinese nursing students.MethodsFour hundred twenty-six Chinese nursing students were recruited between September 11 and October 30, 2022. The online survey was conducted following the CHERRIES checklist. Electronic questionnaires assessed their perceived specialty identity, self-efficacy, study engagement, and career maturity. The descriptive analysis, Harman single-factor analysis, Pearson correlation tests, structural equation modeling, and the bootstrap method were employed in data analysis.ResultsBivariate correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between specialty identity, self-efficacy, study engagement, and career maturity (r = 0.276–0.440, P < 0.001). Self-efficacy and study engagement partially mediated the relationship between specialty identity and career maturity. Self-efficacy and study engagement played a chain mediating role between specialty identity and career maturity.ConclusionsThe underlying mechanism can explain the relationships between specialty identity and career maturity: a direct predictor and an indirect effect through self-efficacy and study engagement. Policymakers and educators should emphasize the importance of specialty identity and provide tailored strategies for improving care maturity depending on nursing students’ specialty identity, self-efficacy, study engagement in the early stages of career development.

Predicting the Turnover Intention of Nurses through Their Organizational Commitment by Mediating the Compatibility of Personal and Organizational Values in the Hospitals ofAffiliated with Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences in Tehran

Introduction: Turnover of nurses creates great problems in providing services to and the quality of care regarding patients. Organizational commitment and compatibility between personal and organizational values of nurses reduces turnover intention in nurses. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention, considering the mediating role of personal and organizational values. Methods: In this descriptive study, the statistical population included nurses working in the hospitals of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences in 2023. 250 people were selected by simple random sampling method and responded to the questionnaires of Kim et al.'s turnover intention, Allen and Meyer's organizational commitment, Scroggins' person-organization fit, and demographic questionnaires. . In order to analyze data, Pearson's correlation coefficient, bootstrap method, and Sobel's test were used in structural equation modeling with Amos software. Results: The results of path analysis showed that the direct effect of organizational commitment on personal and organizational value and turnover intention was significant, and the direct effect of personal and organizational values on turnover intention was also significant. Moreover, the indirect effect of organizational commitment on turnover intention was confirmed through the mediation of personal and organizational values. Conclusion: The findings of the current research show the mediating effect of personal and organizational values on the relationship between the turnover intention and organizational commitment. It is suggested that nursing managers try to formulate intervention strategies to improve organizational commitment and compatibility of personal and organizational values of nurses.

Food safety knowledge, hygiene practices among food handlers, and microbiological quality of animal side dishes in contract catering

Food poisoning is a major concern in catering services in Indonesia, with multiple outbreaks being reported in factories and offices. This study aimed to assess the level of food safety knowledge, personal hygiene practices, and microbiological quality of chicken and egg dishes at three catering companies in the Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia, which provide mass catering for workers. From March to July 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted using validated questionnaires, observation checklists, and microbiological tests to measure the parameters of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pearson and Rank-Spearman correlation tests, as well as independent sample t-tests, were used for statistical analysis. The study revealed that 75% of the subjects had limited knowledge of food safety, with only 5% having a good understanding. Furthermore, 95% of the subjects had not received any food safety training, resulting in poor hygiene practices among the food handlers. Although there was no significant correlation between food safety knowledge and hygiene practices (p&gt;0.05), certain practices, such as appearance and hand washing, were significantly correlated with age. Employment duration was negatively correlated with food safety knowledge (p=0.027; r=-0.494). While chicken samples were free from E. coli and S. aureus, one egg sample was found to be contaminated with E. coli. The research emphasizes the significance of providing frequent food safety training to food handlers, ideally every year. Additionally, it recommends conducting larger sample studies and collaborating with government agencies for future research.

Teaching Quality Care for Healthcare Professionals: Delphi Consensus on Designing Drama

Purpose: This study aimed to design drama for teaching quality care for healthcare professionals based on the newest evidence for continuous professional development and confront challenges for teaching healthcare professionals through multimedia that shift the trend in education from instructive to constructivist learning. Methodology: This study was conducted through a three-round stepwise Delphi consensus on a judgmental sample of expert panelists. The researchers identified the expert panelists' demographic and professional characteristics, studied the views and expectations of designing drama for teaching quality care, and appraised the designed drama with a self-administered structured questionnaire and a scale, respectively. Findings: Study results revealed that expert panelists achieved consensus on several items concerning the drama's content and design. The expert panelists' appraisals of the internal validity and consistency of the designed drama were (p≤0.05) and (0.767) as measured by the Pearson correlation test and Cronbach α, respectively. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: The researchers conclude that expert panelists recommend applying drama in teaching, and with in-depth discussion, they verbalize how drama can improve educational outcomes. The researchers recommend adopting and disseminating the designed drama for teaching healthcare professionals’ quality care and instilling drama in teaching curricula to address the gap between theoretical study and what is faced in real fields.

The Relationship between Anthropometric, Biomotor, and Psychomotor Factors on the Performance of Paralympic 100 Meters Freestyle Swimming Athletes in National Paralympic Committee Indonesia

This research aims to relationship the anthropometric, biomotor, and psychomotor factors with disabled athlete's swimming speed in the National Paralympic Committee (NPC) (Indonesian) 100-meter freestyle competition in 2022. This research was a cross-sectional study conducted by the National Paralympic Committee (NPC) (Indonesia). The sample used in this research was 15 disabled athletes from NPC Indonesia with the S7-S10 classification who got medals at the ASEAN Para Games event in 2022. The data collection includes seven independent variable tests there are anthropometric factors (height, weight, body mass index, arm length, and leg length); biomotor factors (abdominal muscle strength and arm muscle power); psychomotor factors by measuring balance using Balance Tests; and dependent variables by measuring swimming speed using the 100-meter freestyle swimming ability test. Statistical analysis used the Pearson correlation coefficient test with a significance level of 5%. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis show that swimming speed was negatively related to body height, body weight, arm length, abdominal muscle strength, and arm muscle power indicating a moderate correlation between variables (p ≤ 0.001). However, unfortunately, other anthropometric variables such as leg length and age showed a weak negative correlation with swimming speed (p ≤ 0.05). Meanwhile, body mass index and balance did not show a significant correlation with swimming speed (p ≥ 0.05). Based on the research results, it was concluded that anthropometric and biomotor factors showed a negative relationship with swimming speed, while psychomotor factors did not. Keyword: Anthropometry, biomotor, psychomotor, disabled athletes, swimming speed, achievement.

The Relationship of Hot Work Climate on Physiological Response in Traditional Clover Leaf Oil Refining Workers

In the clove leaf oil refining process which uses steam, it produces a hot temperature residue which affects clove leaf oil refinery workers. Exposure to a hot working climate can have an impact on human physiological responses such as an increase in body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure and weight loss. as a result of producing quite a lot of sweat fluid. This research aims to investigate the physiological responses of clove leaf oil refinery workers to exposure to a hot working climate. In the clove leaf oil refining process, which utilizes steam, the production of hot temperature residue affects the workers. Exposure to such conditions can lead to various physiological responses, including increased body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, and weight loss due to significant sweating. Employing a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional analytical approach, data were collected from all 22 workers using a total sampling technique. The primary data collected were subjected to analysis using paired simple t-tests and the Pearson correlation test to explore relationships between variables. The findings reveal significant increases in physiological responses post-work, including elevated body temperature, pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a reduction in body weight. The obtained p-values for all variables were &lt;0.05, indicating statistically significant differences between pre-work and post-work conditions. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation test analysis between heat stress data and post-work physiological responses, including body temperature, pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as body weight, revealed moderate to strong correlations (r). These results underscore the detrimental impact of hot working climates on the physiological well-being of clove leaf oil refinery workers. Such findings highlight the urgent need for implementing appropriate measures to mitigate heat-related health risks in occupational settings, safeguarding the health and safety of workers.

Environmental awareness and sustainable consumption behaviours of Turkish nursing students.

This study aims to determine the environmental awareness and sustainable consumption behaviours of nursing students. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 380 undergraduate nursing students studying at Faculty of Nursing, Ege University, Türkiye. The Personal Information Form, Environmental Awareness Scale (EAS), and Sustainable Consumption Behaviours Scale (SCBS) were used to collect the research data. Number, percentage, mean, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation test, and linear regression analysis were used in statistical evaluation. The mean total score on the EAS was 46.12 (SD = 6.60), and the mean total score of the SCBS was 61.83 (SD = 9.10). A significant, moderate, and positive correlation was found between students' environmental awareness and sustainable consumption behaviours. Moreover, students' gender and the people they lived with caused statistically significant differences in the EAS score. The people students lived with, the place where they lived for the longest time, and their perceived income level caused statistically significant differences in the SCBS score. Nursing students had high environmental awareness and moderate to good sustainable consumption behaviours. It is necessary to include the contribution of sustainable practices to the environment and the effects of these practices on human health in curricula for nurses and thus provide environmental awareness to students.

Exploring the usage of learning resources by medical students in the basic science stage and their effect on academic performance

BackgroundThe United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 is one of the two examinations written after completion of the first two years (basic science stage) of medical school to be eligible to apply for residency training in the USA. A huge number and types of study materials are available to prepare for the exam which might confuse students choosing a resource.We investigated learning resources being used by the third and fifth-semester medical students and their association with academic performance. We also compared learning resources and exam scores of high-performing and low-performing students.MethodsData collection was done using structured (quantitative study) and semi-structured (qualitative study) questionnaires during a face-to-face interview. This article is about the quantitative part which was designed as a correlational study. Single factor one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient test, T-test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze the data.ResultsAbout half of all students used three or more commercial resources dealing with the same content. A weak negative correlation was observed between the number of commercial resources and the exam scores, especially when the number of these resources was three or more (r = -0.26). The mean exam score of textbook users was statistically significantly higher than the mean score of textbook non-users (p = 0.01). The usage of textbooks was statistically significantly higher in the cohort of top performers in comparison to the rest of the students (p = 0.006). In addition to less usage of textbooks, the mean number of review books was higher in the group of weakest students (2.84 versus 3.7; p = 0.75).ConclusionsMost students did not use professional textbooks and about half used too many commercial review resources. While the former fact was significantly associated with poor academic performance, the later fact had weak negative correlation with exam score.Pedagogical interventions are urgently needed to make the right type of learning resources available by making professional textbooks more USMLE-oriented and helping the students choose the best and right number of resources for optimum academic performance. By fulfilling the observed needs of the students in this way, they might feel empowered because of self-determination which will motivate studies.

The Effect of Phonomyography Prototype for Intraoperative Neuromuscular Monitoring: A Preliminary Study.

Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring, as extolled by clinical guidelines, is advocated to circumvent the complications associated with neuromuscular blockers (NMBs), such as residual neuromuscular block (rNMB). Nonetheless, the worldwide utilization of such methods remains undesirable. Phonomyography (PMG) boasts the advantages of convenience, stability, and multi-muscle recording which may be a promising monitoring method. The purpose of this preliminary study is conducting a feasibility analysis and an effectiveness evaluation of a PMG prototype under general anesthesia. A prospective observational preliminary study was conducted. Twenty-five adults who had undergone none-cardiac elective surgery were enrolled. The PMG prototype and TOF-Watch SX simultaneously recorded the pharmacodynamic properties of single bolus rocuronium at the ipsilateral adductor pollicis for each patient. For the primary outcome, the time duration to 0.9 TOF ratio of the two devices reached no statistical significance (p > 0.05). For secondary outcomes, the multi-temporal neuromuscular-monitoring measurements between the two devices also reached no statistical significance (p > 0.05). What is more, both the Spearman's and Pearson's correlation tests revealed a strong correlation across all monitoring periods between the PMG prototype and TOF-Watch SX. Additionally, Bland-Altman plots demonstrated a good agreement between the two devices. Thus, the PMG prototype was a feasible, secure, and effective neuromuscular-monitoring technique during general anesthesia and was interchangeable with TOF-Watch SX.

Correlation of Carrying Angle with Body Mass Index among Females of Hyderabad Pakistan

Background: The carrying angle (CA) of the elbow is a critical biomechanical feature that varies between genders and with physical characteristics like Body Mass Index (BMI). Past studies have shown mixed results regarding the influence of BMI on CA, making it an area ripe for further investigation. Objective: To explore the correlation between BMI and the CA of the elbow among adult females in Hyderabad, Pakistan, and to assess how variations in BMI affect the elbow's CA. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 385 adult females from Hyderabad, Pakistan, selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Participants were required to be over 18 years of age and without any prior upper limb surgeries. The CA was measured using a manual goniometer while standing in the anatomical position. BMI was calculated using measured weight and height. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, with the Pearson correlation test determining the relationship between BMI and CA. Results: Among the participants, 71.9% exhibited a normal CA, 23.6% displayed a decreased CA, and 4.4% had an increased CA. The Pearson correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between BMI and CA (p-value = 0.006), indicating that higher BMI is associated with an increased CA. Conclusion: The study found a significant association between BMI and CA among females in Hyderabad, Pakistan. This suggests that BMI is a relevant factor in the biomechanical characteristics of the elbow, which may have implications for the clinical assessment of joint function and health.

Analysis of Behavioral Factors in the Use of Traditional Medicine: Observational Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Traditional medicine has long been used by the people of Yogyakarta, Indonesia as an alternative treatment to modern medicine. Various factors influence traditional medicine use, including psychological factors such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This research aims to determine the factors that influence the use of traditional medicine among the people of Yogyakarta Indonesia using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This research was conducted using an analytical observational research design with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 110 respondents living in Yogyakarta who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument is a questionnaire that refers to the TPB construct which has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using logistic regression statistical tests and Pearson correlation tests. The results of the analysis show that attitudinal factors and perceived behavioral control partially contribute to the intention to use traditional medicine, while the subjective norm construct does not contribute. Attitudes and perceived behavioral control are important factors that influence the intention to use traditional medicine among Indonesian people. This suggests that interventions that focus on increasing positive attitudes and perceived behavioral control can increase the use of traditional medicine.

Burnout syndrome, work ability, quality of life and physical activity in teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Campo Grande, Brazil.

School performance encompasses several forms of representation, and this has been identified as stressing factors with negative repercussions on teachers' health. In 2020 this scenario was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with yet unknown consequences on teachers' health. Our hypothesis is that the disease affected both the quality of life and work ability of teachers. To identify the association between burnout syndrome, work ability, quality of life and physical activity in basic education teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Campo Grande, Brazil. Data collection took place from April 2020 to April 2021 through an online form linked to Google Forms. Quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-bref, Work Ability through Work Ability Index (WAI) and burnout syndrome aspects through MBI-HSS. The association between variables was assessed by Pearson's correlation test with p < 0,05. Teachers self-rated their quality of life positively (good/very good = 55.9%), showed good (43,1%) or very good (27,7%) work ability, and had low emotional fatigue (41.6%), low depersonalization (75.7%) and high personal fulfillment (58.4%). The highest correlations indicate that the greater the emotional fatigue, the lower the WAI (r = - 0.60); and the higher the WAI, the higher the quality of life (all p < 0,05). The associations indicate that those teachers who showed greater emotional fatigue showed less ability to work. In addition, a negative association between emotional fatigue and physical, social and environmental domain of quality of life was also expressed, which may be relevant to the work environment.

The Performance of Spot Photoscreener in 6 to 10 Weeks Infants in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To compare the refractive errors measured by the Spot photoscreener (with or without cycloplegia) to cycloplegic retinoscopy in 6- to 10-week-old infants. 101 right eyes from 101 healthy infants aged 6 to 10 weeks were recruited for this cross-sectional observational study. Refractive errors were measured using Spot photoscreener before and after cycloplegia, as well as cycloplegic retinoscopy. Comparisons between the refractive measurements were performed using one-way ANOVA with the post hoc Tukey HSD test or Kruskal-Wallis test with the Steel-Dwass test according to the data normality. Pearson's correlation test and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The agreement was evaluated using a Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement of the differences. Spot photoscreener was found to underestimate the spherical equivalent by 2.33 Diopters (D) in these infants. Following the induction of cycloplegia, the spherical equivalent measured by Spot photoscreener was in excellent agreement with cycloplegic retinoscopy with the mean difference of 0.01 D. Spot photoscreener overestimated cylindrical parameter by 0.2 D with poor agreement with cycloplegic retinoscopy no matter whether cycloplegia was induced. It had good agreement with cycloplegic retinoscopy in the J0 vector than the J45 vector measurement. With the induction of cycloplegia, Spot photoscreener can accurately evaluate spherical equivalent in hyperopic infants with mild-to-moderate astigmatism. While it may provide valuable measurements of astigmatism, discrepancies in cylinder and axis should be taken into account.

Assessing Evidence-Based Practice in Operating Room Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Southwest of Iran.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a clinical decision-making process that is grounded in the utilization of the most reliable and up-to-date evidence. It involves utilizing resources and evidence to enhance patient management. The application of evidence-based decisions in patient care and education is of utmost importance in the performance of health sciences students. However, the emphasis on this concept among operating room nursing students has been lacking. Hence, the objective of this research is to assess the implementation of evidence-based practice among operating room nursing students studying in the operating room department at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The study follows a descriptive, cross-sectional design, with a sample of 148 operating room nursing students selected through census sampling based on the student list. After obtaining informed consent, participants completed a demographic information form and the Rubin-Parrish evidence-based practice questionnaire. The data that were gathered underwent analysis through the utilization of SPSS version 22 software, employing descriptive statistics, T-tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. The results revealed that the overall average score of evidence-based practice among the students exceeded the standard scores (172.66 ± 14.74). There was a significant association between the evidence-based practice score and prior familiarity with evidence-based practice, interest in the field of study, research experience, intention to participate in the Master's exam, and the participants' grade point average (GPA) (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that operating room nursing students displayed an average level of evidence-based practice, emphasizing the need for effective plans and strategies to improve their performance. Addressing the identified factors from this study becomes crucial in this regard.

Comparison of Serum Vitamin D Level between Outdoor and Indoor Working Professionals and Its Correlation with Serum Parathyroid Hormone Level

Background: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is functionally linked to vitamin D for calcium homeostasis in our body. Objective: To compare serum vitamin D level between outdoor and indoor working professionals of Dhaka city, Bangladesh, and observe its correlation with serum PTH level. Methods: This cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2018 to June 2019. A total of 101 indoor and outdoor professional workers of both sexes working in different sectors living in Dhaka city participated in this study. They were divided into two groups –outdoor workers (n=35) and indoor workers (n=66) Estimations of both serum vitamin D3 and PTH were done using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay method. Statistical analysis was done by students unpaired t tests and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: Among outdoor workers, mostly hailed from Traffic Police Services (83%) and the rest (17%). were street hawkers. Indoor workers were recruited from the hospital – nurses (32%), doctors (27%), administrative employees (21%), hospital ward assistants (12%) and medical technicians (8%). Sufficient and insufficient levels of serum D3 were observed more in outdoor professional workers than indoor (P&lt;0.05) whereas deficient levels of serum D3 was found more in indoor workers than outdoor workers (P&lt;0.001). Mean serum vitamin D3 level was found significantly (P&lt;0.001).higher in outdoor workers than that of indoor workers (19.35±5.67ng/ml vs. 14.17±4.18ng/ml) but mean serum PTH level was not significantly different (P&gt;0.05)r in outdoor workers than that of indoor workers (42.35±18.27 vs. 37.78±17.54); Moreover, there was no significant correlation between serum vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels in both outdoor (r= +0.290; p &gt;0.05) and indoor (r= –0.206; p&gt;0.05) groups .Conclusion: Our data concluded that indoor working professionals were more prone to develop vitamin D deficiency although outdoor working professionals may be affected with vitamin D insufficiency. In addition, there may be no relationship between serum vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels even in D deficient indoor workers. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol 2022;17(2): 78-84

Coronavirus disease 2019 and its impact on the cognition of older adults: Unraveling the role of inflammation

BackgroundThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly impacted the older adult population globally. This study aimed to investigate cognitive function and its relationship with inflammation in older COVID-19 survivors over a three-month follow-up to address concerns about cognitive impairment and its risk factors. MethodsIn this descriptive-analytical study, 177 hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged >60 were assessed from July 2021 to February 2022. Psychiatric, global cognitive assessments and activities of daily living were conducted at discharge, 1 month, and 3 months post-discharge. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 24. The evolution of cognitive status over time was evaluated using the Repeated Measures Test. The study probed into the association between inflammatory markers and cognitive function through the Pearson correlation test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Additionally, the link between anxiety/depression and cognitive performance was examined using the Pearson correlation. ResultsResults indicated that higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were correlated to reduced cognitive performance. Conversely, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) did not exhibit a significant relationship with cognitive scores. A positive correlation was observed between improved cognitive function (reflected by higher GPCOG scores) and lower levels of anxiety and depression (indicated by lower scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Over the study period, cognitive function and anxiety scores showed an upward trend, whereas symptoms of depression and challenges in daily activities remained consistent. ConclusionsThe study highlights the enduring effects and detrimental role of inflammation on overall cognitive abilities among older survivors of COVID-19. It underscores the urgent need for specialized interventions and rehabilitative strategies to facilitate sustained cognitive recuperation among these individuals.

Parenting Style and Resilience among Homosexual in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the relationship of parenting styles and resilience in homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative with correlational design. A total of 454 homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia are used as participants using incidental sampling techniques. The measurement of this study used the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) scale with fathers’ authoritarian parenting style (α = .868), fathers’ authoritative parenting style (α = .766), fathers’ permissive parenting style (α = .768), mothers’ authoritarian parenting style (α = .868), mothers’ authoritative parenting style (α = .843), mothers’ permissive parenting style (α = .746), and the Resilience Quotient Scale (RQ) (α = .873). Data analysis was conducted using Karl Pearson's product-moment correlation test. The results of this study indicated that there is no relationship between fathers’ authoritarian parenting style and resilience (r = .065 and sig. = .084). Likewise, for the fathers’ authoritative parenting style, it showed no relationship with resilience (r = .003 and the sig. = .472). Similarly, there was no significant relationship found between fathers’ permissive parenting style and resilience (r = -.034 and sig. = .235). The results also revealed that there is no relationship between mothers’ authoritarian parenting style and resilience (r = .008) and sig. = .435). Likewise, no significant relationship was found between mothers’ authoritative parenting style and resilience (r = .005 and sig. = .457). Furthermore, the study found no relationship between mothers’ permissive parenting style and resilience (r = .015 and sig. = .379).

The Role of the Spotify Wrapped Digital Campaign on Spotify Brand Advocacy on Social Media Instagram, Twitter (X), and Tiktok

This research aims to determine the contribution of the Spotify Wrapped digital campaign to Spotify brand advocacy on social media (Instagram, Twitter (X), and Tiktok) and determine the participation of Spotify users in become an active brand advocates through the Spotify Wrapped digital campaign. The hypothesis of this research is that there is a positive and significant relationship between user participation in the Spotify Wrapped digital campaign and the level of Spotify brand advocacy on social media (Instagram, Twitter (X), and Tiktok). This research method is descriptive quantitative. The population is 574 million and the sample is 100 which is calculated using the Slovin formula. The sampling technique in this research used a simple random sampling technique. The results of this study show that the Pearson correlation test value is 0.822 with a significance of 0.00. This value can be interpreted that the Spotify Wrapped digital campaign has a positive relationship with Spotify's brand advocacy on social media (Instagram, Twitter (X), and Tiktok). From the simple linear regression analysis, a value of 0.00 is obtained, H1 is accepted, namely that there is a positive and significant relationship between user participation in the Spotify Wrapped digital campaign and the level of Spotify brand advocacy on social media (Instagram, Twitter (X), and Tiktok). Based on these results, the more users are involved in the Spotify Wrapped digital campaign, the higher the level of support and promotion of the Spotify brand on social media platforms (Instagram, X, TikTok), and the greater the possibility of them becoming active brand advocates for Spotify.Keywords: Digital Campaign, Brand Advocacy, Spotify Wrapped, Social Media