Patients In Turkish Population Research Articles

Lack of association between VNTR variant of the circadian gene (PER3) and major depressive disorder in a sample of a Turkish population

Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is a prevalent psychiatric disorder, is characterized by sleep-wake disturbances. An underlying circadian rhythm disorder mainly may cause these disturbances. The study presented here was designed to investigate the existence of Period Circadian Regulator 3 (PER3) gene VNTR variant in MDD patients in Turkish population. A sample of 118 patients with MDD and 150 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The PER3 VNTR genotyping was performed on DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The prevalence rates of genotypes of 5/5, 5/4, and 4/4 profiles for the PER3 variant were 30.5%, 55.9%, and 13.6%, respectively, in patients with MDD, and 23.3%, 57.3%, and 19.3%, respectively in the control group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of either genotype distributions or allele frequencies of the VNTR variant of the PER3 gene (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between the patients and the controls in terms of 5/5 + 4/5 versus 4/4 and 5/5 versus 4/5 + 4/4 (p > 0.05). The present results suggest that the PER3 VNTR variant was not associated with MDD in the Turkish population. However, further studies with other gene variants in different ethnic populations are needed to address the exact role of this variant in MDD.

Radiographic Evaluation of Current Status of Permanent Lower First and Second Molars in Geriatric Patients in Turkish Population

Radiographic Evaluation of Current Status of Permanent Lower First and Second Molars in Geriatric Patients in Turkish Population

Investigation of Distribution of PKD1, PKD2 and GANAB Genes in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Patients in Turkish Population

Investigation of Distribution of PKD1, PKD2 and GANAB Genes in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Patients in Turkish Population

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Modified Engulfment Scale: Relation of Self-Concept.

Modified Engulfment Scale (MES) measure the impact of a schizophrenic illness on an individual's self-concept. The objective of this study was to determine psychometric properties of the Turkish form of MES (MES-T). This cross-sectional study were included 162 schizophrenia patients with a convenience sampling method. Based on the results of factor analysis, five items were removed from the original version of the scale. It was determined that the MES-T consists of 25 items, and it has three factors: change in self-concept, belief in treatment, and future expectation. As a result of Pearson product-moment, low and moderate correlation coefficients were obtained between subscales, and moderate and high correlation coefficients were achieved between the subscales and total score of the scale. The scale was found to be applicable for schizophrenia patients in Turkish population.

The clinicopathologic characteristics of familial and sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma in Turkish patients

Background/aim The aim of this study is to investigate clinicopathologic features of familial papillary thyroid carcinoma (fPTC) and compare them with sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma (sPTC) in Turkish patients. A retrospective analysis of the papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases, with or without family history with a follow-up around 10 years was performed. Materials and methodsA series of patients with fPTC (82 fPTC families with 146 affected individuals) were compared with patients with sPTC (n = 112). The clinicopathologic features [(age, gender, histologic subtype, tumour size, bilaterality, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node metastasis (LNM)] and treatment procedures (lymph node dissection, radioactive iodine ablation), and the outcomes like recurrences in the neck region, distant metastasis, and the need for reoperation were compared between the groups.Results When the groups were compared, there was no significant difference in age (P = 0.449), and tumour size (P = 0.898) between familial and sporadic PTC patients. fPTC group had a significantly higher risk of male gender (P=0.001), bilaterality (P = 0.004), multifocality (P = 0.011), LNM (P = 0.013), ETE (P = 0.040), and distant metastasis (P ≤ 0.0001) than the sPTC group. However, recurrence rate was similar between the 2 groups (P = 0.436).Conclusion The results of this study confirms a more aggressive nature in fPTC patients, in terms of bilaterality, multifocality, ETE, LNM, and distant metastasis, compared to sPTC patients in Turkish population.

G82S polymorphism of receptor for advanced glycation end products gene and serum soluble RAGE levels in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of Alzheimer's type patients in Turkish population

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, neurodegenaration resulting in progressive cognitive decline leading to dementia. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is also a clinical definition of cognitive decline without functional impairment. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is one of the neuronal membrane receptors that binds amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) triggering Aβ-related pathologic signalling mechanisms. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) is the soluble isoform of RAGE and it collects peripheral Aβ by acting as a sink, prevents both RAGE-AGE interaction and transfer of Aβ into brain.In this study, an association was investigated in Turkish cohorts of patients with dementia with Alzheimer's Type (DAT) and MCI patients by measuring serum sRAGE levels and by genotyping G82S polymorphism and comparing them to healthy control (HC) subjects.Although the serum sRAGE levels showed a decreasing manner among the groups, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.2). This is the first study for Turkish population.

CTLA-4 Gene +49 A/G Polymorphism in Prostate Cancer Patients in Turkish Population

Background Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen CTLA the T cell surface antigen is expressed during activation Prostate cancer PCa is one of the most common cancers in Western population and its rate is increasing in the Eastern World The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen CTLA gene A G polymorphisms in prostate cancer patients Material and methods This study included mean age plusmn years healthy controls and mean age plusmn years patients with prostate cancer The CTLA gene A G rs gene regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction PCR detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP Results At the end of ourstudy it was foundthat the prevalence of genotypes of AA wild type AG heterozygous mutant and GG homozygous mutant profiles for the CTLA gene A G polymorphism were and respectively in prostate cancer patients and and respectively in healthy control groups Conclusion No association was found in terms of the CTLA gene A G polymorphism amongprostate cancer patients and the control groups in Turkish population

Corrected Panel-Reactive Antibody Positivity Rates for Hypersensitized Patients in Turkish Population With Calculated Panel-Reactive Antibody Software

IntroductionHigh rates of panel-reactive antibody (PRA) may decrease the chance of kidney transplantation and may result in long waiting periods before transplantation. The calculated PRA (cPRA) is performed based on unacceptable HLA antigens. These antigens are identified by a program that was created based on the antibodies that developed against the HLA antigens circulating in serum and on the risk of binding of these antibodies to antigens. The antigen profile of the population and antigen frequencies can be measured, and more realistic cPRA positivity rates may be obtained using this method. Materials and MethodsWe developed a program based on the HLA antigens of 494 blood donors in 2 European Federation for Immunogenetics–accredited Tissue Typing Laboratories in Turkey. Next-generation sequencing–based tissue typing (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, -DQ, 4 digits) of the samples was performed. The PRA screening test was performed on 380 patients who were waiting for organ transplant from a cadaver in Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. The single antigen bead assay testing was performed to identify the antibody profiles on 48 hypersensitized patients. ResultsThe PRA testing results using the current methods were 44.6% ± 18.5%, and the cPRA rate was 86.2% ± 5.1%. The mean PRA positivity of the sensitized patients using the current methods was 44.6%; however, the rate was 86.2% using the cPRA. DiscussioncPRA shows the rate of the rejected donors according to all unacceptable antigens. The need for a list of unacceptable antigens in place of the PRA positivity rate is a real change in the sensitization-dependent calculation as cPRA positivity rate. ConclusionIn principal, implementation of cPRA will encourage many centers and laboratories to adopt a standard measurement of sensitization in Turkey. It will increase the chances of better donor match, particularly for hypersensitized patients, by the creation of an unacceptable mismatch program using cPRA software.

Tcf7l2 Gene Polymorphism in T2dm with Patients in Turkish Population

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects of insulin secretion and/or increased cellular resistance to insulin. Chronic hyperglycemia and other metabolic disturbances of DM lead to long-term tissue and organ damage as well as dysfunction involving the eyes, kidneys, and nervous and vascular systems. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus; is the most common form of DM worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. Its underlying defects can vary from predominant insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to a predominant insulin secretory defect with insulin resistance. Transcription 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) protein has been implicated in blood glucose homeostasis. The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene is a member of the T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancing factor family which encodes a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor that plays a key role in the Wnt signaling pathway. The key effector of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (defined as Wnt pathway hereafter) is the bipartite transcription factor β-cat (β-catenin)/TCF, formed by β-cat and a member of the TCF family [TCF-1/TCF7, LEF-1, TCF-3/TCF7L1 and TCF-4/TCF7L2]. In the absence of Wnt signaling, these HMG box TCF proteins function in the nucleus as transcriptional repressors of the Wnt target genes. TCF7L2 gene is located in chromosome 10q25.3, spans 215.9 kb and contains 14 exons (NCBI build 36.2). However, a previous study has shown that TCF7L2 has 17 exons, of which five are alternative splicing. Genetic variants of gene are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Common polymorphisms of the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) have recently been associated with Type 2 Diabetes all population. The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes shows wide ethnic and geographic variations. In this study, we analyzed three polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 gene, rs12255372, rs11196205 and rs7901695 using a case-control design in 163 individuals (113 unrelated T2DM patients and 50 normoglycemic controls) to assess their association with T2DM risk in the Turkish population.

Translation and validation of the Turkish version of the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQOL) questionnaire

The Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) questionnaire is a disease-specific measure of needs-based quality of life developed in the UK and the Netherlands. This study describes translation, validation, and reliability of the scale into Turkish population. The ASQoL was translated into Turkish using the dual-panel process. Content validity was assessed via cognitive debriefing interviews with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Patients with AS according to modified New York criteria were recruited into the study from 12 hospitals of all part of Turkey. Psychometric and scaling properties were assessed via a two administration survey involving the ASQoL, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), and Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Classical psychometrics assessed reliability, convergent validity (correlation of ASQoL with NHP, BASFI, and BASDAI) and discriminative validity (correlation of ASQoL with perceived AS-severity and general health). Cognitive debriefing showed the new Turkish ASQoL to be clear, relevant, and comprehensive. Completed survey questionnaires were received from 277 AS patients (80% Male, mean age 42.2/SD 11.6, mean AS duration 9.4 years/SD 9.4). Test-retest reliability was excellent (0.96), indicating low random measurement error for the scale. Correlations of ASQoL with NHP sections were low to moderate (NHP Sleep 0.34; NHP Emotional Reactions 0.83) suggesting the measures assess related but distinct constructs. The measure was able to discriminate between patients based on their perceived disease severity (p < 0.0001) and self-reported general health (p < 0.0001). The Turkish version of ASQoL has good reliability and validity properties. It is practical and useful scale to assess the quality of life in AS patients in Turkish population.

Functional polymorphisms in cell death pathway genes FAS and FAS ligand and risk of alopecia areata

FAS and FAS ligand (FASLG) are important proapoptotic proteins that have a significant function in regulating cell growth and apoptosis and play essential roles in many human autoimmune diseases. Alopecia areata (AA) is hypothesized to be an organ-specific autoimmune disease mediated by T cells to the hair follicles. The concept of an autoimmune mechanism as the basis for AA led us to investigate a possible association between the FAS and FASLG polymorphism with AA susceptibility and disease progression on AA patients in Turkish population. The study group consisted of 118 unrelated patients with AA and 118 unrelated healthy controls. We genotyped FAS-670 A/G and FASLG-124 A/G polymorphisms and assessed their association with AA risk. A statistically significant difference was observed between patients and controls according to genotype frequencies of FAS gene (p=0.0002). GG genotype of 670 A/G polymorphism was found to be protective against AA (p=0.000, OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.00-0.41). It can be concluded there is a reduced risk of AA risk appeared to be associated with FAS-670 A/G. No association was observed between AA patients and controls according to genotype and allele distribution of FASLG gene 124 A/G polymorphism (p=0.1297, p=453, respectively). In conclusion, we provide evidence that FAS/FASLG polymorphisms may have an effect on the risk of AA in the Turkish population. These findings provide an additional support to a genetic basis for AA development.

Efficacy and Safety of Erlotinib in Previously Treated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Erlotinib is a potent inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, with single-agent antitumor activity which improves symptom control and quality of life compared with placebo in non-small-cell-lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of the second, third or fourth-line erlotinib in advanced NSCLC patients in Turkish population. Eighty patients (33 males and 47 females) were retrospectively evaluated. All patients had received a platinum-based regimen as the first-line metastatic therapy. Most of the patients (62.5%) had received erlotinib as the second-line treatment. None of the patients had EGFR mutation studied. One patient achieved a complete response, 10 patients partial response and 21 stable diseases. The overall response rate was 14% and disease control rate was 40%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 12 months and 18 months, respectively. Although, there was no survival difference between male and female patients, the median PFS of females was significantly better than male patients (p=0.03). There was no significant difference in disease cont- rol rate in terms of age, smoking status, erlotinib line, performance status (PS), stage and skin rash. The most common adverse events were skin rash (56%), diarrhea (9%) and anorexia (8%). Sixteen patients (20%) developed grade 3 toxicities. Grade 4 toxicity or treatment related interstitial lung disease were not observed. Erlotinib showed an acceptable response rate, survival time and to- xicity after disease progression with chemotherapy. It's an alternative therapy as a second or third-line therapy in patients with NSCLC. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment in Turkish population.

Investigation of TIMP2 Gene Polymorphisms Incidence in Patients with Breast Cancer

The breast cancers were placed in first rank among other cancer types in women, and second rank after lung cancer in terms of death in the World. It is estimated that this cancer has 20/100.000 frequency in east region and 40-50/100.000 frequency west region according to present data in Turkey. Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP), proteolytic enzymes involve in the breakdown of proteins located in the cell membrane and intercellular matrix such as collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and gelatin. The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are proteins which are specific and natural inhibitor for MMPs. Its primary tasks regulate the activation of MMPs by suppress. The destruction of the balance between MMPs and TIMPs, may lead the emergence of pathological processes. In this study, the effect of TIMP2 (-418) G/C andTIMP2 (303) G/A polymorphisms in breast cancer patients in Turkish population were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).The statistically significant difference was found between the control group and patients with breast cancer. However it is found that TIMP2 (303) GA genotype increases the risk of developing breast cancer at 1.486fold (p=0519), TIMP2 (-418) CC genotype increases the risk of developing breast cancer at 3.719-fold (p=0.519). In our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the relationship between breast cancer and TIMP2 gene polymorphisms in Turkish population. Our results show that there is no any association between breast cancer and TIMP2 gene polymorphisms in the community which is represented by our study and control groups. It was concluded from results that TIMP2 (303) GA genotype ile TIMP2 (-418) CC genotype may create the susceptibility to breast cancer.

S.P.16 Egen classification scale (Ek) for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version

<h2>Abstract</h2> EK scale was developed to assess detailed functional ability of non-ambulatory Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients who have severe physical impairments by Steffensen et al. in 2002. EK total score was found to distinguish the different functional levels and show the prognosis of the nonambulatory DMD and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) patients. The aim of this study was to make the cultural adaptation and investigate the validity and intra/inter-tester reliability of Turkish Version of EK scale on non-ambulatory DMD and SMA patients The original English version of EK scale was translated into Turkish and necessary arrangements were made after the consensus by the researchers. After the arrangements and cultural adaptation; the pre-test study was made on five patients, inter-tester and intra-tester reliability studies were made on totally 34 patients. Brooke Functional Classification Scale for Upper and Lower Extremities (BFC), Barthel's Index for Activities of Daily Living and Pulmonary Dysfunction Test (PDT) were used as gold standards to investigate the validity of the scale in Turkish DMD and SMA population. 11 SMA and 23 DMD patients (Mean age: 13.71±4.25) with non-ambulatory functional status were included in the study. Intra-tester reliability of the EK scale was 0.979 (ICC) with % 95 Confidence Interval [0.930; 0.994] and inter-tester was 0.916 (ICC) with % 95 Confidence Interval [0.407; 0.990]. There were correlations between Turkish version of EK scale and Barthel Index (<i>r</i>=−0.716, it p<0.01) and PDT (it r=0.541, it p<0.05) and BFC for Upper Extremities (it r=0.576, it p<0.05). The Turkish version of the EK scale has excellent inter and intra-tester reliability and validity on Turkish DMM and SMA patients. EK scale is an adequate and useful instrument to assess functional status and predict the prognosis of non-ambulatory DMD and SMA patients in Turkish population.

Erythrocyte membrane protein defects in hereditary spherocytosis patients in Turkish population

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a congenital hemolytic anemia which is characterized by spherocytes in peripheral blood and increased osmotic fragility test. The disease is caused by defects in red cell membrane cytoskeleton. In this study, we investigated erythrocyte membrane protein defects in 50 Turkish HS patients and 42 controls. We used sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) to identify the protein defects causing HS. The patients were from 27 families (39 kindred and 11 unrelated patients). They were aged between 6 months and 53 years and the mean age was 18.75 (±14.70) years. Protein deficiencies related to HS were demonstrated in 42% of study group. There was not any statistically significant relation between the protein deficiency and hemoglobin levels. Isolated or combined spectrin deficiency was the most common protein abnormality among our patients. Spectrin deficiency was detected in 22% of cases (11/50), ankyrin deficiency in 8% (4/50), protein 4.2 deficiency in 8% (4/50), combined spectrin and protein 4.2 deficiency in 2% (1/50), combined spectrin and ankyrin deficiency in 2% (1/50). Fifty-eight percent of cases (29/50) showed normal protein contents.

GSTP1 Gene Methylation Profiles in Helicobacter pylori (+) and (-) Antral Intestinal Metaplasia and Distal Gastric Tumour Patients in Turkish Population

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common malignancy worldwide, with a high mortality rate. The incidence of GC has declined in the western countries during the last decades. The glutathione S-transferases comprise a group of enzymes that are critical in the detoxification of carcinogens. In this study we aimed at the relationship GSTP-1 methylation in patients with intestinal metaplasia with and without Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric cancer and controls. The methylation status of GSTP1 gene was analyzed by methylation specific PCR after bisulfate modification in H. pylori (+) (n=25) and (-) (n=25) intestinal metaplasia (IM) patients, GC (n=25) and control subjects (n=15) between September 2009 to November 2011. During the study period 90 patients who underwent endoscopic examination were included in the study. When we considered the GSTP1 gene methylation profile in all of the groups; 26 (28%)patients had methylated GSTP1 gene, 31 (34%) patients had unmethylated GSTP1 gene and 33 (36%) patients had heterogeneously methylated GSTPI gene. GSTP1 gene methylation profile is not appropriate for early diagnosis of cases with gastric cancer.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and glucose metabolism disorders in the first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients

We designed this study to observe the DM prevalence, insulin resistance, beta cell reserve and the interaction of these parameters in the first degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients in Turkish population. 125 subjects were included in the study. 25 subjects without the first degree diabetic relatives were selected as the control group; they were matched by age, BMI, socio-economical, cultural and environmental factors. (OGTT), (IVGTT), (GST), and (ITT), were performed on all subjects and controls. 12 (9.6 %) DM and 23 (18. 4 %) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) cases of 125 subjects were diagnosed according to OGTT results. The mean BMI of diabetic subjects was significantly higher than of controls and subjects with normal glucose tolerance (p<0.05). When compared to the control group, the mean AUCinsulin levels were significantly lower in diabetic subjects (p<0.05). To observe the correlation between HOMAIR and KITT values, a statistically significant correlation was found (p<0.05, r: 0.222). There was a deficiency in the C-peptide response to glucagon stimulation in diabetic relatives (p<0.05, F: 4.59 One Way ANOVA). We demonstrated that the first degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic patients constitute a high risk group for DM, IGT and insulin resistance by using four different tests in Turkish population.The significant finding(s) of the study: We demonstrated a high prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders in the relatives of type 2 diabetic patients.This study adds our knowledge; insulin resistance and decreased beta cell reserve occur before diabetes mellitus begin in relatives (Tab. 5, Ref. 42).

Adherence to treatment in patients with psoriasis vulgaris: Turkish experience

Treatment adherence has been an important issue in therapies of chronic diseases such as psoriasis vulgaris. There are a few studies on treatment adherence in psoriasis patients in literature. The goal of this study is to show treatment adherence and the factors that affect it in psoriasis patients in Turkish population. A total of 109 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were enrolled in an 8-week study. A standard questionnaire was completed by the patients. 'Psoriasis Area and Severity Index' and 'Dermatology life quality index' scores and treatment regimens of patients were recorded. At the end of the 8-week therapy, treatment adherence scores were calculated by using self-reported data given by the patients. The level of satisfaction and reasons for missing treatment were recorded. One hundred three patients (44 men, 59 women) completed the study. The overall rate of treatment adherence was 75%. Single or divorced patients had a significantly higher mean adherence than married ones. There was a significant correlation between adherence and education level. The average level of satisfaction was 44.3%, and the adherence of satisfied patients was statistically more significant than that of the unsatisfied patients. The major two reasons for non-adherence to the therapy were being busy (25.45%) and fed up (21.81%). In the present study, we found that marital status, education and satisfaction level were important for treatment adherence. We suggest that further studies with different contributing factors consisting of social, cultural and psychological effects may be useful for treatment adherence in psoriasis patients.

Investigation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Blood Lipid Peroxidation with MI Patients in Turkish Population

ABSTRACTMyocardial infarction (MI) is the most important reasons of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. It is detected that about half of the deaths, no matter what reason, in the USA is sourced from MI. In recent years, the number of scientific studies have increased on some genetic risk factors responsible from the formation of MI. One of the most popular of these is the one searching for the relations between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and MI. Nowadays there are various studies showing that the free radicals are responsible from the ischemic myocardial wounds. Especially the hydroxy radical is shown to cause some differences in the myocard. In the pathogenesis of ischemic tissue defect, the free radicals are put forward to be effective, malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a subproduct of oxidation, is a value measurable by the TBA method. MDA, one of the compounds formed as a result of peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, is accepted as an indicator of LP. In this study, it is assumed that ACE I/D gene polymorphism is a useful indicator in the detection of the risk of cardiovascular disease, the better control of the people in high risk group and the optimal cure to start at an earlier stage. By the help of these studies the risk factors of genetic origin, using the genetic indicators and new risk factors, and supporting the information by some easily performed biochemical experiments would supply great easiness in diagnosis and cure and save life. The scope of this study is to compare the distribution of gene polymorphism between people suffered from MI and healthy people and to search the relation between ACE gene polymorphism and MDA, the marker of lipid perokxidation (LP) formed as a result of MI. Two groups were covered in our study, one consisting of 104 people of various ages previously suffered from MI and the other consisting of 100 healthy people. Using the blood samples taken from these two groups, data for the following variables was obtained: DNA isolation, PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and MDA as the marker of blood lipid peroxidation.