Pathology Course Research Articles

Clinical manifestations of taste distortion in highly productive cows

The results of a comprehensive examination of a group (n = 179) of high-yielding cows of the second half of lactation (more than 200 days) with diagnosed pregnancy (80–225 days of pregnancy) during 30 days of visual observation, among which 6 individuals (3.35 %) were found. symptoms of altaphagia (distortion of taste). Analysis of the biochemical profile of blood serum showed the presence of a number of subclinical abnormalities in a number of indicators, namely (in parentheses are the reference values): Ca/P – 0.92 units (1.1–1.6); total protein – 50.52 g/l (70–85); albumin/globulin – 3.63 units (0.6–1.3); ALT – 35.32 g/l (10–30); AST – 97.32 g/l (10–50); creatinine – 186.10 μmol/l (80–130); alkaline phosphatase – 323.38 units (100–200); urea – 5.08 mmol/l (3.5–6.0). Due to the fact that the active livestock of the dairy complex was provided with fodder base, timely addition of optimized according to modern standards complete mixed diet with 4 % mineral premix, the main causes of biochemical metabolic disorders can be considered dysfunction of intestinal microbiota, digestive and protective functions. of the mucous membrane due to chronic latent inflammatory processes, which was confirmed by the results of the assessment of feed transit (40.09 % of the remains of the daily diet of cows remained after washing of manure samples, which differed in a significant amount of undigested feed components and the inclusion of exfoliated necrotic particles of the mucous membrane). The latent course and accumulation of alimentary pathologies of the digestive tract contributed to the formation of a negative background for the symptoms of endogenous hunger in cows, manifested by signs of altrophagia, which were only clinical and ethological signals of chronic metabolic disorders in many high-yielding lactation groups. Given the importance of maintaining a high physiological status of dairy cows for profitable dairy production, the need to continue research to study the ethological signals of animals remains relevant to find effective means of preventing foodborne illness, including normoflorization of digestive mucosa.

Medical Student’s Perception of Diagnostic Surgical Pathology Course: Necessities, Difficulties and Solutions

Background: Students’ perceptions and feedback have a significant impact on academic progress. The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of medical students regarding the surgical pathology course taken by medical students at Northern Border University.
 Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was given to medical students taking this course. The questionnaire comprised several items on students’ attitudes toward surgical pathology. And a five-point Likert scale was used. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) v 20 software. Results: One hundred and fifty three questionnaires received from the students were analysed. 
 Discussion and Conclusions: The answers to the questionnaire showed that ‘one size fits all’ approach cannot be employed for educating the students. A combination of different strategies and methods helped improve student satisfaction, particularly in regard with case presentation studies and practical’s. New strategies were adopted not just for improving academic performance but keeping in mind future clinical practice, enhancing students’ understanding and knowledge retention abilities.
 Key words: medical student’s, perception , diagnostic surgical pathology course: necessities, difficulties and solutions.

Working conditions and their hygienic assessment in multidisciplinary medical organizations

At present, one of the main tasks of the state and society is preservation and strengthening of the health of the able-bodied population. Employees of medical organizations are exposed to the combined effects of a significant number of harmful production and professional factors. In particular, the factors of the working environment include biological, chemical, and physical factors, while those of the labor process involve tension and severity. Therefore, the study of working conditions of medical personnel is a priority in occupational health. The purpose of the study is to analyze the working conditions of employees of medical organizations and iden tify priority production-related and occupational pathologies arising from the impact of unfavorable production and occupational factors in order to develop preventive measures. Materials and methods. The object of the study was 1,443 reports of the special assessment of working conditions. We carried out our own studies of the parameters of the microclimate and lighting in the premises: the number of measurements was 5,398, measurements were carried out in 60 premises of medical organizations, and 727 air samples were taken to determine the microbial load. Results. According to the studies of the conditions and nature of work at the workplaces of medical workers in the examined medical organizations and according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions and our own research, the conditions corresponded to a harmful class of 1–3 degrees and of the 4th degree for workers of the oncological hospital. The level of maximum microbial load in the doctors' lounges and nursing rooms increased by the middle of the work shift and remained high until the end of the working day. Since the air movement speed in the studied rooms was very low, this criterion may be a risk factor for aggravation of the course of general somatic pathologies and, as a result, the development of work-related morbidity in medical workers. It can also be noted that fungi were found in 100 % of samples, with their number decreasing by the end of the work shift, while the number of the genus Staphylococcus representatives, on the contrary, tended to increase by the end of the working day. Conclusion. According to the results of the special assessment of working conditions, the conditions and nature of the labor of medical workers in the studied medical organizations corresponded to the harmful class of 1–4 degrees. The 4th degree of the 3rd class of working conditions was due to the personnel’s work with cytostatic drugs. Microclimatic parameters corresponded to hygienic standards (at low air speeds). Fungi and representatives of the genus Staphylococcus were found in 100 % of air samples. A detailed study of the species identification of micromycetes in the indoor air showed that the number of Penicillium and Aspergillus micromycetes significantly exceeded the number of other species.

ENTERIC INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME IN SURGICAL PATIENTS: OBJECTIVE REALITY OR A SYMPTOM OF THE DISEASE?

Acute surgical diseases and trauma in some cases are accompanied by the development of enteric insu ffi ciency syndrome, which aggravates the course of the underlying disease and increases mortality.The purpose of this scientifi c review is to focus the attention of clinicians on the emergence of enteric insu ffi ciency syndrome in the course of acute surgical pathology and traumatic disease, which requires the use of individualized treatment measures.Results. In acute surgical pathology and traumatic disease, a complex structural and functional reorganization of the intestinal epithelium occurs, which disrupts the interrelationships between the cells of the intestinal epithelium, the rejection of epithelial cells and, as a result, the penetration of bacteria from the lumen of the intestine into the lamina propria, their accumulation in the stroma of microvilli and translocation into the free peritoneal cavity. Morphologically it manifests itself in the form of erosion and ulcerative defect or phlegmonous enteritis. As a result, an endotoxemia syndrome is formed, which is the cause of the development of multiple organ failure in such patients Conclusion. The syndrome of enteric insu ffi ciency in acute surgical pathology of the organs of the peritoneal cavity and injuries is a clinically, laboratory and morphologically proven condition that has periods of progress and corresponding clinical symptoms.

New C3H KitN824K/WT cancer mouse model develops late-onset malignant mammary tumors with high penetrance

Gastro-intestinal stromal tumors and acute myeloid leukemia induced by activating stem cell factor receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) mutations are highly malignant. Less clear is the role of KIT mutations in the context of breast cancer. Treatment success of KIT-induced cancers is still unsatisfactory because of primary or secondary resistance to therapy. Mouse models offer essential platforms for studies on molecular disease mechanisms in basic cancer research. In the course of the Munich N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis program a mouse line with inherited polycythemia was established. It carries a base-pair exchange in the Kit gene leading to an amino acid exchange at position 824 in the activation loop of KIT. This KIT variant corresponds to the N822K mutation found in human cancers, which is associated with imatinib-resistance. C3H KitN824K/WT mice develop hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Cajal and retention of ingesta in the cecum. In contrast to previous Kit-mutant models, we observe a benign course of gastrointestinal pathology associated with prolonged survival. Female mutants develop mammary carcinomas at late onset and subsequent lung metastasis. The disease model complements existing oncology research platforms. It allows for addressing the role of KIT mutations in breast cancer and identifying genetic and environmental modifiers of disease progression.

Influence of COVID-19 restrictions on student satisfaction with undergraduate pathology teaching in an Australian University

IntroductionAlmost three years into the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to reflect on student perceptions of online teaching, and more specifically, if mobility restrictions imposed as public health measures significantly influenced how students perceived online teaching. The aim of this study was to investigate if student perceptions of teaching quality of undergraduate courses would differ when evaluated at times of increasing or relaxing COVID-related mobility restrictions.MethodsWe compared student feedback for two third-year undergraduate Pathology courses taken as part of a Bachelor of Medical Sciences / Science degree in an Australian University from 2019 to 2021. Quantitative feedback on five domains (overall satisfaction, belongingness within a learning community, satisfaction with assessments, adequacy of learning resources, satisfaction with teacher feedback) were categorized into groups based on calendar year or prevailing COVID restrictions (times with no, increasing or relaxing restrictions), and compared. There were no significant changes to the course content during this time, but face-to-face teaching in 2019 changed to predominantly online teaching in 2020 and 2021.ResultsFeedback scores were significantly better (p < 0.017) at times of increased COVID restrictions compared to times with relaxing COVID restrictions across all five domains assessed. Interestingly, when grouped by calendar years (instead of prevailing COVID restrictions), there were mostly no significant differences in the feedback scores, despite the shift to online teaching in 2020/21.ConclusionAt times of increasing mobility restrictions, students may appreciate the consistency offered by well-structured online teaching but when restrictions are relaxed, online-only teaching may not meet their expectations. The teaching methods need to adapt to prevailing situation by focusing on more hands on and face-to-face teaching when circumstances allow it.

COVID-19 Molecular Pathophysiology: Acetylation of Repurposing Drugs

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon (IFN-1) production, the pathophysiology of which involves sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) tetramerization and the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. As a result, type I interferonopathies are exacerbated. Aspirin inhibits cGAS-mediated signaling through cGAS acetylation. Acetylation contributes to cGAS activity control and activates IFN-1 production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via STING. Aspirin and dapsone inhibit the activation of both IFN-1 and NF-κB by targeting cGAS. We define these as anticatalytic mechanisms. It is necessary to alleviate the pathologic course and take the lag time of the odds of achieving viral clearance by day 7 to coordinate innate or adaptive immune cell reactions.

Project-based learning with memes as an innovative competency-boosting tool: a phenomenological interpretive study

ABSTRACT Basic medical sciences education is characterized by the provision of large amounts of theoretical information that leaves little opportunity for promoting student creativity or motivation. In response, the authors investigated meme-related project-based learning (PBL). Memes are humorous media that are widely exchanged online. 1477 students were requested to create memes on the scientific material they were studying in a pathology course. The project was implemented in two learning contexts (face-to-face and distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic) over two batches of first-year medical students. The students created memes in greater numbers than requested by a mean of 5.8 per group. Students’ satisfaction and narrative perceptions were analyzed, with 66.9% reponse rate: 91.4% of students were satisfied with the PBL; 93.3% rated the learning benefit gained from creating memes as excellent and/or good, and 85.9% rated the learning benefit from their colleagues’ memes at the same level. Five themes were extracted: positive students’ attitude toward the meme PBL, better development of students’ skills, the feasibility of creating and sharing the project results, additional advantages and Challenges reported by students enrolled in meme PBL. The authors concluded that adopting meme PBL promotes students’ creativity and boosts their motivation to learn.

ASSESSMENT OF MARKERS OF ALLERGY AND INFLAMMATION IN THE BLOOD OF DOGS WITH FOLLICULAR CYST OF THE INTERDIGITAL SKIN, WITH LOCAL AND GENERALIZED DERMATOLOGICAL REACTION

Follicular cyst of the interdigital skin is a common problem in dogs, which causes significant economic damage to service, sports and decorative dog breeding. In the treatment of animals with this pathology, along with surgical intervention, it is necessary to use anti-inflammatory and/or immunosuppressive drugs. Thus, the question arises of studying the intensity of the inflammatory process in dogs with follicular cyst of the interdigital skin. The article presents the results of a study of markers of inflammation and allergy in these animals, including animals with a generalized dermatological reaction – dermatitis. The study was conducted at the Department of General and Private Surgery of the SPbGUVM, based on the clinic of small pets. For the study, 3 random groups of animals, 10 dogs each, were selected. In the first group – 10 animals with common dermatitis, in the second –10 dogs with follicular cyst of the interdigital skin of localized course, and in the third – 10 with follicular cyst of the interdigital skin in combination with common dermatitis. Whole blood was obtained from all animals, and blood plasma was used as a sample for testing using species-specific rapid tests for qualitative determination of the concentration of Ig-E and CRP in the blood of dogs. The results of the study were entered into the table, and then these indicators were calculated according to the "criterion X2", using the statistics program – "Biostat". The study revealed that in dogs with follicular cyst of the interdigital skin, in combination with a pronounced dermatological reaction, there is a systemic inflammatory response of the body, and in animals with a localized course of pathology, with the presence of only hair follicle cysts, the intensity of the systemic inflammatory response remains at a low.

Some features of the coronavirus infection course in bronchial asthma patients

The outbreak of a new coronavirus infection was officially recognized by the World Health Organization as a global pandemic since March 11, 2020. The pandemic is currently gradually receding, the number of patients is also steadily decreasing. However, these circumstances are not grounds to believe that the virus has been definitively and irrevocably defeated. For this reason, the world medical community is still concerned about the coronavirus impact on the course and outcome of various chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. Bronchial asthma has been recognized as one of the leading forms of human somatic pathology throughout the history of mankind and medicine. It is quite natural that the focus of the researchers' attention turned out to be questions about the SARS-CoV-2 virus impact on patients suffering from bronchial asthma, starting with the peculiarities of the course of combined pathology and ending with the peculiarities of therapy and subsequent rehabilitation. The issues of coronavirus infection and bronchial asthma pathogenesis were considered. The research data on some features of the development and course of a new coronavirus infection in patients with this profile were analyzed and summarized. The low coronavirus infection prevalence among patients with an allergic bronchial asthma form compared with other phenotypes is shown among such features, data on the effect of eosinophilia on the course of infection are presented, and the basic therapys positive effect using inhaled glucocorticosteroids and/or monoclonal antibodies (biological therapy) in severe asthma, is shown in the form of a protective effect that provides a lighter coronavirus infection course. The main features of patient management suffering from bronchial asthma in the conditions of a pandemic are the organization of stable medical control in online telemedicine once monthly, regular examinations in accordance with the severity of the course of the disease and the correction of basic therapy to achieve complete control over the course of asthma.

Prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with anthracycline-induced heart failure

Highlights. Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 are associated with the initiation and severity of CHF developed after breast cancer therapy with anthracyclines, which may contribute to cardiac remodeling and the progression of systolic dysfunction. Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in blood serum serve as predictors of the unfavorable course of anthracycline-induced heart failure.Aim. To assess the role of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) in the development and course of anthracycline-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) during 24 months of observation.Methods. The study included 114 women 12 months after completion of chemotherapy (CT) for breast cancer and developed CHF. The control group (n = 70) consisted of women (mean age 45.0 [42.0; 50.0] years old) who received doxorubicin as part of chemotherapy, but they did not develop CHF 12 months after completion of chemotherapy. The levels of biomarkers (MMP-2, MMP-9, NT-proBNP) in blood serum were determined using a sandwich immunoassay.Results. Patients with CHF had signs of cardiac remodeling and higher values of NT-proBNP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (p<0.001) than women from the control group. After 24 months of observation, all patients with CHF were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – women with an unfavorable course of CHF (n = 54), group 2 – women with favorable course of pathology (n = 60). Criteria for the unfavorable course of CHF: the emergence of new or worsening of existing symptoms/signs of heart failure; and/or hospitalization due to HF decompensation; decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction by more than 10%; or an increase in the functional class of CHF by 1 or more. Baseline echocardiographic parameters and NT-proBNP values did not differ in groups 1 and 2. Levels of MMP-2 were higher by 8% (p = 0.017) and MMP-9 by 18.4% (p<0.001) in group 1. In 1 group the level of MMP-2 decreased after 24 months of observation. In group 2 the level of MMP-2 increased by the end of the observation period. MMP-2 levels ≥388.2 pg/ml (sensitivity 46%, specificity 80%; AUC = 0.64; p = 0.013) and MMP-9 ≥21.3 pg/ml (sensitivity 86%, specificity 84.4%; AUC = 0.9; p<0.001) were determined as predictors of an unfavorable course of CHF.Conclusion. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHF initiated by drugs of the anthracycline class. Elevated levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the blood serum are associated with an unfavorable course of anthracycline-induced CHF and can be recommended when assessing the risk of an unfavorable course of pathology.

The intercorrelations between blood levels of ferritin, sCD163, and IL-18 in COVID-19 patients and their association to prognosis.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with immune dysregulation, severe respiratory failure, and multiple organ dysfunction caused by a cytokine storm involving high blood levels of ferritin and IL-18. Furthermore, there is a resemblance between COVID-19 and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) characterized by high concentrations of soluble CD163 (sCD163) receptor and IL-18. High levels of ferritin, IL-18, and sCD163 receptor are associated with “hyperferritinemic syndrome”, a family of diseases that appears to include COVID-19. In this retrospective cohort study, we tested the association and intercorrelations in the serum levels of ferritin, sCD163, and IL-18 and their impact on the prognosis of COVID-19. We analyzed data of 70 hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The levels of sCD163, ferritin, and IL-18 were measured and the correlation of these parameters with the respiratory deterioration and overall 30-day survival was assessed. Among the 70 patients, 60 survived 30 days from hospitalization. There were substantial differences between the subjects who were alive following 30 days compared to those who expired. The differences were referring to lymphocyte and leukocyte count, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, sCD163, and IL-18. Results showed high levels of IL-18 (median, 444 pg/mL in the survival group compared with 916 pg/mL in the mortality group, p-value 8.54 × 10–2), a statistically significant rise in levels of ferritin (median, 484 ng/mL in the survival group compared with 1004 ng/mL in the mortality group p-value, 7.94 × 10–3), and an elevated value of in sCD163 (mean, 559 ng/mL in the survival group compared with 840 ng/mL in the mortality group, p-value 1.68 × 10–2). There was no significant correlation between the rise of ferritin and the levels sCD163 or IL-18. Taken together, sCD163, ferritin, and IL-18 were found to correlate with the severity of COVID-19 infection. Although these markers are associated with COVID-19 and might contribute to the cytokine storm, no intercorrelation was found among them. It cannot be excluded though that the results depend on the timing of sampling, assuming that they play distinct roles in different stages of the disease course. The data represented herein may provide clinical benefit in improving our understanding of the pathological course of the disease. Furthermore, measuring these biomarkers during the disease progression may help target them at the right time and refine the decision-making regarding the requirement for hospitalization.

Evaluation of the effect of COVID-19 mandated shift to virtual teaching on medical students' performance at King Khalid University, Abha

ObjectivesThe rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic required populations in most parts of the world to take drastic precautions. Face-to-face teachings were suspended, and the teaching and learning process was shifted to the virtual mode. This was a formidable challenge for students, teachers, parents, guardians, and academic administrators. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of the shift to virtual mode on medical students' academic performance in general and systemic pathology courses. MethodsThe grades achieved in a quiz and practical test taken before the shift to virtual classes were compared to another quiz and practical exam taken by the same groups of students after several weeks of virtual teaching. The paired t-test was conducted to test the hypotheses, and SPSS software was used for data analyses. A short electronic survey was designed and sent to the targeted students (N = 103). The targeted students were also surveyed to understand their experience with e-learning during this time. ResultsIn total, 60% of the students reported their e-learning experience as valuable, and 84% prefer to have e-learning as part of the teaching and learning process even after normalcy is restored. The students' performance in the post-virtual tests was significantly better than that in the pre-virtual tests. ConclusionThe virtual learning format was well received by the students and influenced their academic outcomes. Institutes should provide training sessions for staff and students to address potential education drawbacks and provide modern educational technologies and simulation labs to enhance the educational systems.

TSH-SPP1/TRβ-TSH positive feedback loop mediates fat deposition of hepatocyte: Crosstalk between thyroid and liver.

AimsWe conducted this study with two aims: (1) whether TRβ could be damaged by NAFLD, thereby represent thyroid hormone resistance-like manifestation and (2) to analyze the potential role of SPP1 in TH signaling pathway on the process of NAFLD. This study is expected to provide a new perspective on the therapeutic mechanism in the pathological course of NAFLD.MethodsA total of 166 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in this study. All patients had a BMI above 24 kg/m2 and were stratified into two groups: NAFLD and Non-NAFLD groups. Ages, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes and biochemical markers were obtained from participants’ records. We downloaded the dataset GSE48452 from GEO. The Pathview library was used to make the thyroid hormone signaling pathway visualization. The CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to calculate the infiltrated immune cells in obese NAFLD patients. C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected to constitute the normal control (NC) group and were fed a normal chow diet; the rest of the mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). After 12 weeks HFD feeding, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and blood samples were collected. Mouse livers were also collected; one part of each liver was fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis, and the other part was snap-frozen for subsequent molecular analyses. To explore the relationship between SPP1, TRβ and lipid deposition in hepatocytes, HepG2 cells were treated with 50 μ M concentration of PA and/or 20 ng/ml concentration of rh-SPP1 for 48h. In addition, the PC3.1-TRβ plasmid was constructed for further validation in HepG2 cells. We used THP-1 cells to construct an M1 macrophage model in vitro. We then analyzed THP-1 cells treated with various concentrations of PA or TSH.Results(1) After adjusting for all factors that appeared P value less than 0.1 in the univariate analysis, BMI, TSH, and FT3 were significant independent risk factors of NAFLD (ORs were 1.218, 1.694, and 2.259, respectively); (2) A further analysis with BMI stratification indiacted that both FT3 and TSH had a significant change between individuals with NAFLD and Non-NAFLD in obesity subgroup; however, there was no statistic difference in over-weight group; (3) Bioinformatics analysis of GSE48452 had shown that several key molecular (including TRβ) of thyroid hormone pathway affected by NAFLD induced transcriptomic changes and the expression levels of SPP1, FABP4 and RPS4Y1 were significantly higher, while the expression levels of PZP and VIL1 were significantly decreased in NAFLD patients(adjusted p < 0.05, |logFC| > 1.0). The CIBERSORT algorithm showed increased M0 and M1, decreased M2 macrophage infiltration in NAFLD with comparison to healthy obese group; (4) After 12 weeks of HFD-feeding, the obesity mice had significantly higher serum TSH and In IHC-stained liver sections of obesity group, the intensity of SPP1 had a significantly increased, while TRβ reduced; (5) In vitro studies have shown SPP1 aggravated lipid deposition in hepatic cells dependent on down-regulating the expression of TRβ and TSH acts to promote secretion of SPP1 in M1 macrophage cells.ConclusionsSPP1 secretion induced by M1 macrophage polarization, which may down-regulates TRβ in hepatocytes via paracrine manner, on the one hand, the lipid deposition aggravating in liver, on the other hand, a compensatory increase of TSH in serum. The increased TSH can further lead to the following SPP1 secretion of M1 macrophage. The positive feedback crosstalk between thyroid and liver, may be plays an important role in maintaining and amplifying pathological process of NAFLD.

Gastrointestinal manifestations of allergy in the presence of &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; infection

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastrointestinal tract disorders is one of the most common problems in the modern medicine. There are conflicting data in the literature on the role of H. pylori infection in development of allergic diseases and its effect on the course of gastrointestinal disorders in allergic conditions. There is currently no conclusive evidence about the role of H. pylori in etiology and pathogenesis of allergic states. Hence, the studies of gastrointestinal disorders in allergic conditions in the presence of H. pylori infection are of sufficient relevance. Our aim was to study the features of sensitization spectrum and clinical course of gastrointestinal manifestations in allergic disorders in the children infected with H. pylori.&#x0D; We have carried out a retrospective analysis of medical histories of the children with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies (n = 29) aged from 1 to 18 years (middle age, 110.7 years), living in Eastern Siberia. The presence of H. pylori infection was determined with enzyme immunoassay technique, by measuring concentrations of total antibodies to the CagA H. pylori antigen. Depending on the carriage of H. pylori infection, 2 groups were discerned: HP-infected (n = 8), and HP-non-infected patients (n = 21). The spectrum of sensitization was determined by evaluating skin-prick tests for the non-infectious allergens. Gastrointestinal tract evaluation was based on the results of anamnesis, complaints, objective examination and data of esophagogastroduodenoscopy.&#x0D; It was found that, in most cases, gastrointestinal manifestations of allergy were combined with dermatorespiratory syndrome (41.3% of total group). The incidence of H. pylori infection in the patients with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies was 27.5% of the group. Among the gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies, inflammatory diseases of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, e.g., gastroesophageal reflux, gastritis, and duodenitis were most common. In the group of HP-infected children the incompetence of cardia was more often, being statistically significant. In the group of HP-noninfected children, esophagitis, bulbitis, erosive lesions of the stomach and duodenum were more common, however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The spectrum of sensitization in the patients with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies showed some features depending on the presence of HP infection. E.g., sensitization to birch and meadow grass mixture was found to be significantly more often in the group of HP-infected children, Among the HP-noninfected children, sensitization to house dust mite, cat wool, and dog wool was more often detected. Hence, when examining children with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies it is necessary to exclude the presence of H. pylori infection, which can modify the course of a genuine allergic pathology.

MODERN VIEW ON CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN PREGNANT (review)

Disorders in the fetoplacental complex of pregnant women with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) is one of the actual problems of modern obstetrics in medical, economic and social aspects. Respiratory diseases in the context of disorders of the fetoplacental complex (FPC) may be a comorbid process, a background to the pathology of pregnancy, or a premorbid condition that contributes to the development of placental dysfunction (PD) or even initiates it; morphophysiological changes characteristic of pregnancy also affect the state of the respiratory system, moderating the course of bronchoobstructive pathology. The presence of respiratory diseases in women, the impact of its treatment and features of the course and medical support of pregnancy in these conditions affect the condition of both the woman and the fetus, and in the future - the physical and neuropsychological development of the child.

Залізодефіцитна анемія під час вагітності та наслідки, пов'язані з нею

Анотація: у статті узагальнено аргументи та контраргументи в рамках наукової дискусії щодо питання механізмів розвитку залізодефіцитної анемії. Основна мета цього дослідження це узагальнення інформації про вплив залізодефіцитної анемії під час вагітності та наслідків, пов’язаних з нею. Завдяки детальному вивченню літературних джерел, їхній систематизації та підходів до вирішення проблеми, було виявлено, що антенатальна анемія є фактором ризику материнської та перинатальної смертності, передчасних пологів, новонароджених з низькою масою тіла та післяпологових кровотеч. Анемія матері також може бути пов’язана з поганими результатами розвитку нервової системи дитини. Останні досягнення системного та плацентарного гомеостазу заліза можуть покращити терапевтичну ефективність шляхом зміни дози та частоти перорального прийому заліза. А внутрішньовенне введення заліза є безпечним засобом для швидкої корекції анемії матері. Актуальність дослідження даної патології полягає в тому, що вона багато в чому визначає перинатальну та материнську захворюваність. Однак, на сьогодні немає чіткого уявлення про особливості молекулярних та судинних механізмів залізодефіцитної анемії, тому це призводить до суперечностей у лікуванні таких вагітних жінок, що перешкоджає своєчасному, адекватному лікуванню та профілактиці. У дослідженні були використані методи бібліографічного та контент-аналізу літератури, семантичного групування, а також порівняльного підходу та синтезу відносно питань нових досліджень по особливостям механізмів розвитку залізодефіцитної анемії, гомеостазу заліза та поточних визначень ЗДА під час вагітності, несприятливі наслідки для матері та новонародженого, пов’язані з анемією, а також останні рекомендації щодо лікування ЗДА під час вагітності та післяпологового періоду. Офіційні документи, знайдені на веб-сайтах, були проаналізовані, а відповідна інформація згрупована та порівняна. В статті представлено результати досліджень, які засвідчили, що залізо відіграє ключову роль у нормальному і патологічному перебігу вагітності та впливає на розвиток новонародженого. Поглинання і метаболізм заліза суворо регулюються, і повне вивчення метаболізму заліза під час вагітності представляє інтерес для запобігання ускладнень у матері та плода. У цій роботі підкреслюється необхідність раннього виявлення дефіциту заліза. Крім того, є важливим лікувати дефіцит для забезпечення оптимального розвитку новонароджених. Наразі такі заходи, як пероральне або внутрішньовенне введення заліза, схоже, не працюють у масштабах, необхідних для досягнення цілей ВООЗ знизити поширеність анемії у жінок репродуктивного віку на 50%. Частково це може бути пов’язано з невизначеністю щодо того, як найкраще досліджувати, запобігати та лікувати материнську анемію. Розвиток нашого розуміння фізіології заліза привів до можливості значного покращення шляхом зміни стратегії дозування перорального заліза. Нові лабораторні показники заліза, такі як гепсидин, можуть в кінцевому підсумку допомогти керувати терапією дефіциту заліза, але нещодавнє дослідження не виявило жодної переваги від використання підходу скринінгу та лікування на основі гепсидину в порівнянні з рекомендованою схемою ВООЗ. Тому необхідні подальші дослідження щодо результатів, орієнтованих на пацієнта та економічної ефективності. Результати проведеного дослідження можуть бути корисними для лікарів первинної ланки, гінекологів, терапевтів.

Smoking and respiratory allergic diseases

The review presents a modern view on the problem of the impact of smoking on allergic respiratory diseases. Smoking is known to be a significant risk factor for asthma. Currently, it is of scientific interest to study the effect of smoking on allergic rhinitis and sensitization to allergens. Tobacco smoke affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, contributing to a change in structure and dysfunction, and when exposed to allergens simultaneously, it can increase the activation of the Th2-immune response, increase the production of IgE, which may contribute to the development of allergic diseases.&#x0D; In recent years, e-cigarette smoking has become especially popular. The aerosol components of electronic cigarettes are characterized by irritant properties and inhalation toxicity. Smoking electronic cigarettes, like smoking traditional cigarettes, can affect the immunity of the respiratory mucosa, including the functions of epithelial cells, macrophages and neutrophils.&#x0D; The article presents conflicting data on the effect of smoking on sensitization to allergens. Tobacco smoke is a known trigger and exposure to it increases the risk of developing new cases of asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis. The influence of smoking on the development and clinical course of allergic pathology requires further study.

Bioresource collection of biosamples from pregnant women at different gestational ages for the search for early biomarkers of pregnancy complications and potential for its use in research

Aim. Clinical and anamnestic characterization of the bioresource collection of biosamples from pregnant women at different gestational ages.Material and methods. Preparation of biosamples of various biomaterial types for long-term storage; static analysis of clinical and anamnestic characteristics of women whose samples are included in the collection.Results. As of September 1, 2022, the collection consists of 16625 biosamples of various biomaterial types from 355 pregnant women. The clinical and anamnestic characteristics of women, samples of which are presented in the collection, are presented.Conclusion. The resulting high-quality biosamples can be used in various basic and applied research to study both the physiological and pathological course of pregnancy. Particularly promising is the possibility of searching for the earliest biomarkers of gestational complications before the onset of obstetric complications. In this regard, it is important to have complete clinical and anamnestic data on biosamples of the collection in order to expand the possibilities of its use and improve the quality of ongoing research.

CHANGES OF MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF FEMUR AND TIBIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIABETIC ARTHROPATHY OF KNEE JOINT

Joint damage in patients with diabetes is a fairly frequent complication. Features of the microelement composition of the femur and tibia and structural changes of the knee joint in diabetes have not been studied enough. The purpose of the study was to study the features of the microelement composition of the femur and tibia in diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint. The content of microelements (iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, lead) in the femur and tibia of 75 laboratory sexually mature white male rats, which were divided into 3 groups, was investigated by atomic absorption spectral analysis. The 1-st group included 15 intact, practically healthy animals, the 2-nd – 30 rats with one-month diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint, the 3-rd – 30 animals with the two-month specifi ed pathology. Histological micropreparations were also made from the femur and tibia. Diabetes mellitus was modeled by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin manufactured by «Sigma» at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically. The content of iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, lead in the bone tissue of the femur and tibia in case of diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint is disproportionately and unevenly reduced. The iron content in the femur decreased by 3.4% in one-month diabetic arthropathy, in the tibia by 4.9%, and in two-month arthropathy the studied indicators changed by 8.2% and 13.7%, respectively (р&lt;0.001). The content of copper in the monthly diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint in the femur decreased by 4.7%, in the tibia – by 6.8%, with a two-month course of simulated pathology – by 9.3% and 12.7%, respectively (р&lt;0.001). The content of zinc, magnesium, manganese, lead in femur and tibia decreased similarly under the studied experimental conditions. Changes in the content of the studied microelements depend on the duration of diabetic arthropathy and dominate in the tibia. Diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint leads to an uneven, disproportionate decrease in the content of trace elements in the femur and tibia. The most pronounced imbalance between the content of the investigated microelements was found in two-month diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint and in the tibia.