Passenger Transport System Research Articles

Optimization of the structure of rolling stock of urban passenger transport

This article examines the problems related to the operation of urban passenger transportation system in the field of defining the structure of the rolling stock, the analysis of existing methods of identification of the number and capacity of the urban vehicles has been conducted. The paper focuses on the results of experimental research of passenger flows and roominess, volumetric capability of a variety of transport means (public transportation minibuses) in the district municipalities of the Russian Federation. Furthermore, taking into account these results, differences and variety of these vehicle makes and models, the measures and activities have been suggested, aimed at improving the methods of selection of urban passenger transport rolling stock.

Аналитическая модель формирования автобусных маршрутов в цифровой транспортной экосистеме

The article presents an analytical model of planning bus routes in the complex passenger transport system. This model is the main element in the concept of the digital ecosystem transport development based on an object-oriented approach. The developed model of facilities management in the transport passenger system is based on solving the multi-criteria task of dynamic programming, while the technology of synthesis of effective estimates` aggregate is provided by the determination of private Pareto-optimal estimates.

Generating Travel Plan Sets in a High-Speed Railway Network With Complex Timetables and Transfers

Developments in high-speed railways have seen them become the mainstay of passenger transport systems in China, satisfying the increasing demand for rapid access to numerous locations. In practice, the operation of the network is a vital feature of the Chinese High-speed Railway (CHR), enabling the provision of through services while allowing indirect services via major hubs. The generation of travel plan sets in a large-scale, complex high-speed railway network is an important issue, as it is the foundation and key to those travel service systems where people can inquiry about their travel plans. This paper describes a method of generating all alternative travel plans that are potentially attractive to passengers. The inherent problem is first modeled for any journey between a given origin and destination pair, and then a spatiotemporal network is constructed. For each journey, a direct set of travel plans without transfers is extracted from the train timetable data. The construction of indirect travel plans is more complicated, and a two-stage generation method is proposed: (i) compute the $K$ -shortest paths using the improved Yen* algorithm to identify transfer node(s), and (ii) connect train services according to the train timetables. Furthermore, the reliability of a specific travel plan with transfers is determined by mapping the buffer time as a reliability measure. Finally, the proposed method is tested on the CHR network using the 2019 train timetable.

Development of Moscow region passenger transport system using discrete mathematics methods

Transformation of settlement systems, consolidation of existing cities to the level of agglomerations, conurbations and megalopolises require a qualitative change in the transport system. Today Moscow and the Moscow region are in the stage of active development and interaction. The most important issue is to ensure transport connectivity and territory accessibility. The high cost of infrastructure projects and their duration require high-quality justification of decisions to be made. This publication discusses the use of the theory of graphs in the development of Light-Rail-Transit (LRT) systems, which are planned to be used as an element of the new unified transport system of Moscow agglomeration. The materials for the article are data on the existing and planned development of Moscow region settlements, the basis for calculations is the mathematical apparatus of the theory of graphs. The result of the work is represented by recommendations on the use of the theory of graphs for the purposes of substantiation of Moscow region transport system development, as well as main areas for continuing research were determined.

THE CONCEPT OF OFF-STREET TRANSPORT AND ITS ROLE IN TERRITORIAL SYSTEMS

The development of agglomerations is connected with the solution of issues of the allocation of territorial zones and ensuring their transport accessibility. The goal of the article is to determine the place of suburban-urban railway transport in the system of urban passenger transport from the point of view of geography. The object of the study was off-street transport of agglomerations. In the framework of the work, the following tasks were solved: a classification of public transport was carried out, factors determining the possibility of using various types of transport were identified and their ranking was performed. The analysis of modern scientific literature and normative acts has revealed contradictions between the concept of “off-street” adopted in the legislation and the established tradition of applying this term to railway transport. The following factors of the efficiency of off-street transport were identified: increasing the speed of correspondence, ensuring the coherence of other modes of transport, servicing the entire territory of the agglomeration.

Transport сonnection and development of the eastern regions of Russia

Paper analyzes the internal and external connection of passenger transport systems in the Eastern regions of Russia. Key regions with medium and low levels of development are Krasnoyarsk krai, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and Magadan oblast. These regions differ from each other by the situation in the State Transport System and are characterized by significant intra-regional differences in the level and nature of transport connection. Analysis of transport connection and isolation is based on the authors methodology. The proposed approach includes not only analysis of statistics, frequency, time costs and tariffs for all types of passenger transport in the regions, but also qualitative sociological methods in-depth interviews with passengers and employees of transport terminals. The differences in accessibility of the main settlements of the regions are determined. Low regularity of communication, absence of alternatives along many routes, episodic and insufficient reliability of transport due to seasonality, and important role of shadow forms of transport services were revealed in public transport systems of studied regions.

ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ЯКОСТІ ПАСАЖИРСЬКИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ ШВИДКІСНИМИ ПОЇЗДАМИ

The article analyzes the development of high-speed traffic for passenger transportation. High-speed passenger traffic is now being introduced worldwide in the area of passenger transportation. This innovation takes rail to a new turn and ensures that rail is competitive with other modes. The role, principles and functions of the use of high-speed trains in the organization of passenger transportation are determined. It is proved that the use of high-speed passenger trains in Ukraine will ensure the enterprise to become competitive both in the domestic and in the foreign market of providing transport services. The high-speed movement of passenger trains helps to reduce the time spent by passengers on the journey and thereby improve the quality of transport services. Thanks to these and other advantages over other modes of transport, high-speed communication becomes an economically and environmentally friendly part of the world transport system. The main attention is paid to the formation of the management system of passenger transportation by high-speed trains. It is proposed to introduce the ISO 9001: 2015 standard at the enterprise, which sets the criteria for the quality management system and is the only standard in the series, according to which it is possible to carry out certification. The potential benefits for the enterprise from the use of the standard are highlighted. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the basis of the quality management system of passenger transportation by high-speed trains is the introduction of a process and system approach to management. The algorithm of quality management of passenger transportation services by high-speed trains is also proposed. The algorithm consists of six consecutive stages, each of which contains a set of assessments and evaluations of activities related to improving or replacing the current quality level of passenger traffic and bring it to forecast values that the company planned Its use will enable the assessment of current and projected levels of service quality for passengers.

Life-Cycle Assessment of Brazilian Transport Biofuel and Electrification Pathways

Biofuels and electrification are potential ways to reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector, although not without limitations or associated problems. This paper describes a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of the Brazilian urban passenger transport system. The LCA considers various scenarios of a wholesale conversion of car and urban bus fleets to 100% electric or biofuel (bioethanol and biodiesel) use by 2050 compared to a business as usual (BAU) scenario. The LCA includes the following phases of vehicles and their life: fuel use and manufacturing (including electricity generation and land-use emissions), vehicle and battery manufacturing and end of life. The results are presented in terms of CO2, nitrous oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, electricity consumption and the land required to grow the requisite biofuel feedstocks. Biofuels result in similar or higher CO2 and air pollutant emissions than BAU, while electrification resulted in significantly lower emissions of all types. Possible limitations found include the amount of electricity consumed by electric vehicles in the electrification scenarios.

Determining the Extent of Territorial Transport Services When Using Rail Transport

Abstract Planning the extent of transport services within a selected territory is a topical issue especially in the context of developing integrated transport systems. The objective of this research study is to design a sustainable system of public passenger transport that would be an alternative to expanding individual transport. The implementation of a quality and efficient transport service is a relatively complex process, since, currently, there are no generally applicable principles for its design. This manuscript presents general results of research aimed at solving the problem of transport service within a selected territory issue with a focus on rail transport as an efficient transport system representing a backbone of a transport system. The subject of the investigation is to compile a set of factors affecting the design of the transport concept. The output of the manuscript consists in a proposal of a generally applicable procedure including a calculation of transport potential and characteristics of the inputs. Subsequently, based on the resulting values, it will be possible to determine the extent of the transport services provided by rail transport in any territory, which will contribute to a more efficient and high quality theoretical graph of train running.

Optimization of work of urban passenger transport

Recommendations for improving the organization of the logistics system of urban passenger traffic based on the formation of adaptive properties proposed. Definitions of organization and lack of organization of the system, target entropy, orderliness, disorder are considered. The calculation of these indicators allows us to conclude how the company is adapted to the external environment. An important feature of all production systems is the focus of their functioning. If such a system is functioning, it means, first of all, that it solves a finite set of tasks to ensure the adaptability of the urban passenger traffic management system to the flow of passengers and with a certain accuracy the goals of organization and management, of which there is also a finite set. The authors come to a fair conclusion that the lack of organization of functioning is a consequence of the influence of the external environment on the control object, while organization is a quantitative measure of the ability of the system to adapt to the effects of environmental factors. The indicator of organization can be proposed as a criterion that assesses the efficiency of the urban passenger transport system. The worse the internal structures are organized, the less efficiently the control system works and the more mobile and uncertain the external environment, the greater the discrepancy between the goal and the final result.

A method of improving the pedestrian accessibility of the urban public transport stops based on a genetic algorithm

The article discusses the problem of pedestrian accessibility of public transport stops. Research considers and analyses of existing algorithms that allow solving the localization of public transport stops problem in metropolis. The study suggests a formal mathematical description model of the public passenger transport system with stops and routes. A new method based on functions and operators of a genetic algorithm for optimization of public transport stops dislocation was developed. The proposed method is implemented in Python programming language and has been tested on sample data of the city of Samara.

IMPROVING OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION QUALITY VIA OPERATOR SCHEDULE OPTIMIZATION

The functioning of passenger transport systems should provide necessary quality of passenger service. The results of this research have shown possibility to increase the quality of urban public transport via influence on the driver’s state due to the rational schedule planning. The state change patterns of drivers during the idle time on the final and intermediate bus stops were formalized, based on field observations. The following conclusion was made: decreasing of driver’s body stress takes place during the idle time on the route stops. The intensity of decreasing of driver’s body stress is inversely proportional to the meaning of activity index of driver’s regulatory systems before the start of standing time. Consequently, the duration of idle time must be differentiated depending on the value of the indicator of activity of driver’s regulatory systems before the start of standing time, which is influenced by the working conditions. ECG method was used for assessing driver’s fatigue in elements of transportation process. Comparative analysis of driver’s state changes during the different types of idle time shows the comparability of the results of the study. Transportation management experts can use the research results in urban transport schedule planning and monitoring.

IMPROVING OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION QUALITY VIA OPERATOR SCHEDULE OPTIMIZATION

The functioning of passenger transport systems should provide necessary quality of passenger service. The results of this research have shown possibility to increase the quality of urban public transport via influence on the driver’s state due to the rational schedule planning. The state change patterns of drivers during the idle time on the final and intermediate bus stops were formalized, based on field observations. The following conclusion was made: decreasing of driver’s body stress takes place during the idle time on the route stops. The intensity of decreasing of driver’s body stress is inversely proportional to the meaning of activity index of driver’s regulatory systems before the start of standing time. Consequently, the duration of idle time must be differentiated depending on the value of the indicator of activity of driver’s regulatory systems before the start of standing time, which is influenced by the working conditions. ECG method was used for assessing driver’s fatigue in elements of transportation process. Comparative analysis of driver’s state changes during the different types of idle time shows the comparability of the results of the study. Transportation management experts can use the research results in urban transport schedule planning and monitoring.

Success factors in the introduction of an intermodal passenger transportation system connecting high-speed rail with intercity bus services

This study analyzes the success factors of the introduction of an intermodal intercity passenger transportation system in the Kyusyu region, Japan, in March 2011. This system, called “B&S Miyazaki,” integrates an intercity bus service with a high-speed rail service connecting the cities of Miyazaki and Fukuoka. B&S Miyazaki has successfully captured induced intercity travel demand without causing the existing travel modes to lose their ridership. Starting with interviews with major stakeholders, the introduction process for the new system was analyzed in three stages. The results of the analysis unveiled five success factors: (1) the acceptance of a new intermodal system in the intercity transportation market from both users and suppliers; (2) clear incentives for cooperation among stakeholders with expected benefits from asset-sharing and joint marketing activities; (3) an excellent intermodal service package including the short transfer distance, a unified ticketing system, an integrated timetable and schedule adjustment, special discounting, and the coordinated design of train/bus bodies; (4) a win–win solution for the shortcomings of the existing travel modes; and (5) a learning process about the effects for existing operators with flexible operator strategy adjustments.

Compensation Scheme for Self-Employed Bus Service Requisitions in Urban–Rural Passenger Transport

This paper addresses a compensation scheme for self-employed bus service requisition of rural passenger transport, and provides a theoretical basis and policy recommendations for the smooth implementation of self-employed bus service requisition process and the integration of urban–rural passenger transport resources. Using Chinese urban–rural passenger transport systems in ten cities or counties (including Shenyang, Liaoyang, Wuxi, Suzhou, Laiwu, Zouping, Wuhu, Guangde, Shuangliu, and Fuyang) as research objects, the compensation scheme for self-employed bus service requisition is explored from three aspects: the construction of compensation model, the estimation of compensation amount, and the determination of compensation mode. The conclusions drawn from this study are summarized as follows: (1) The compensation amount consists of the bus service residual value, the compensation for expected profit in the residual operation period, and the awarded amount for signing compensation agreements. (2) Whether or not bus owners accept the compensation amount is closely related to their psychological expectation threshold. Changes in the average profit of the bus service, the driver’s average wage, and the ticket-seller’s wage, have the greatest impact, the second greatest impact, and the smallest impact on their psychological expectation threshold, respectively. (3) Younger and more highly educated owners tend to accept “monetary compensation and reemployment placement”, while older and low educated owners prefer “monetary compensation and social security”. (4) High compensation fees, providing reemployment placement for drivers and ticket-sellers, and implementing monetary compensation in the form of an “expected income dividend installment” can enhance willingness to sign compensation agreements for self-employed bus service.

Smart Urban Planning: Evaluating Urban Logistics Performance of Innovative Solutions and Sustainable Policies in the Venice Lagoon—the Results of a Case Study

Currently, remarkable gaps of operational, social and environmental efficiency and overall sub-optimization of the logistics and mobility systems exist in urban areas. There is then the need to promote and assess innovative transport solutions and policy-making within SUMPs (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans) to deal with such critical issues in order to improve urban sustainability. The paper focuses on the case study of the Venice Lagoon, where islands—despite representing a relevant feature of urban planning—face a tremendous lack of accessibility, depopulation, social cohesion and they turn out to be poorly connected. By developing an original scenario-building methodological framework and performing data collection activities, the purpose of the paper consists of assessing the feasibility of a mixed passenger and freight transport system —sometimes called cargo hitching. Mixed passenger and freight systems/cargo hitching are considered as an innovative framework based on the integration of freight and passenger urban systems and resources to optimize the existing transport capacity, and thus, urban sustainability. Results show that the overall existing urban transport capacity can accommodate urban freight flows on main connections in the Lagoon. The reduction in spare public transport capacity, as well as in the number (and type) of circulating freight boats show—in various scenarios—the degree of optimization of the resulting urban network configuration and the positive impacts on urban sustainability. This paves the way for the regulatory framework to adopt proposed solutions.

INFORMATION MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE SYSTEM OF MULTIMODAL PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION

In resolving the scientific task of developing an information model for the development of railway transport infrastructure in the system of multimodal passenger transportation, it is important to recognize the best practices of passenger transportation of the countries of the European Union (EC), in particular the UK experience, which accounts for 20% of all passenger traffic of the EU. Clearly separated roles of the system operator within the infrastructure operator, acting as the focal point with all participants in the process of transport, is of great scientific and practical importance as it helps to achieve the research goal - to build an optimal model for the interaction of existing and potential market participants: infrastructure operators, carriers, passengers and government and public organizations. In the model of the development of railway transport infrastructure of Ukraine, it is proposed to separate the system operator from infrastructure operators and carriers for the purpose of qualitative, operational planning of trains and avoiding a conflict of interest in providing access to lines (including future high-speed lines), a coherent train schedule, change management, and safe integration into new lines. It is substantiated that under such conditions only a systemic view of all the challenges of passenger transportation will be able to provide high-quality analysis for the transport management system, operators and potential investors. Creating a separate system operator enables you to offer a completely different quality analysis to support rational and efficient management decisions in the field of passenger transportation.

Expediency of modification of city transport system by implementation of passenger water transport

The object of research is the integration of local passenger water transport in the transport system of the city. Among a number of problematic issues, one can single out the unpreparedness of the urban transport infrastructure for the implementation of water transport for the transport of passengers, although this type of transport is an important component of intercity and suburban passenger transport in world megacities located on water arteries.Water transport is characterized and passenger water transport in Ukraine is analyzed. The definition of «transport system» as a whole and separately in part of urban passenger traffic is investigated. The components of the transport system of the city are determined.The structure of the city transport system in Kyiv (Ukraine) is investigated and supplemented with its new subsystem in the element «city passenger transport» – local passenger water transport. Such a structural change makes it possible to qualitatively improve the existing transport supply of cities with water areas, and to offer local residents an alternative mode of transport. Implementation of a new type of urban passenger transport in the transport system of the city requires its detailed study. Therefore, this type of transport is structured, its classification is provided, the concept of «local passenger water transport» and its types are formulated: Water Bus and Water Taxi, which allows to offer them for further use in the scientific environment, in relation to local passenger water transport.As part of the research, it is proposed to identify elements of local passenger water transport, namely: passengers, transport, local passenger transport enterprises, regulatory entities, and local authorities. Each of the elements is proposed to be structured by type.Thanks to this, a modified scheme of the system of urban passenger transport is developed, which provides the basis for the harmonious implementation of this type of transport. The implementation of the proposed changes is justified by the socio-economic significance of this type of transport and the necessary qualitative structural changes in the urban transport system.

ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF THE CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT FUNCTIONING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CITIES

Introduction. The paper deals with the results of the reliability of urban public passenger transport routes. One of the main objectives is to consider the indicators for assessing the reliability of the urban passenger transport system, which have not yet been used in Russian practice. The peculiarity of these indicators is that the initial information can be obtained on the basis of modern bus equipment (GLONASS/GPS). The possibility of using these indicators, as well as the development of scales of reliability levels at the moment is an important scientific problem.Materials and methods. The authors proposed modern indicators for assessing the reliability of urban passenger transport routes, such as the time index and the associated buffer time indicator. The authors used the methods of mathematical statistics to process the data on the duration of bus traffic.Results. The authors obtained the reliability characteristics of urban passenger routes. Moreover, the paper presented the comparison of the reliability values on the example of Irkutsk and Angarsk.Discussion and conclusions. The authors reveal the range of values of the time and buffer indices based on the data of route networks of two different cities. Therefore, the authors offer the estimation scale of the reliability levels on routes.

Evaluation System for the Implementation of Public Passenger Transport as a Public Service Obligation

The research in this article relates to an evaluation system for the implementation of lines in a public passenger transport system as a public service obligation. The purpose of this research is to present the methodology for the performance evaluation of a public passenger transport system that serves the public transport authority as a tool for making further decisions. The procedures first refer to the experimental determination of the criteria and then perform the first evaluation in the form of the value of the objective function. This is followed by multi-stage linear regression and optimization procedures that give the relation between the dependent variable ( Y ) and the independent variables ( X , ) that is, the criteria. Optimization is carried out in the coefficients ( β ), which are excluded from the optimization procedures in the case of the calculated statistical degree of insignificance. This research also shows procedures for changing the mathematical form of the criteria records and determining the impact on the final result of optimizations.