Overflow Water Research Articles

Variability of Iceland Scotland Overflow Water Across the Reykjanes Ridge: 2‐Years of Moored Observations in the Bight Fracture Zone

AbstractThis study presents the first continuous observations of Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) passing through the Bight Fracture Zone (BFZ), the northernmost deep bathymetric channel across the Reykjanes Ridge between the Iceland and Irminger Basins in the subpolar North Atlantic. Data from two 2‐year moorings, measuring temperature, salinity, and current velocity from 2015 to 2017, along with a set of deep ISOW‐embedded RAFOS floats, are used to investigate ISOW transport and water property variability through the BFZ, as well as advective pathways between the Iceland and Irminger Basins. The mooring‐derived record‐mean ISOW transport through the BFZ was −0.59 ± 0.27 × 1e6 m3/s (westward) and varied seasonally with weaker transport in winter and stronger transport in summer. Flow direction of ISOW through the BFZ was consistently westward except in winter, when week‐long flow reversals were frequently observed. The previously reported subpolar North Atlantic freshening event of the 2010s is evident in the BFZ mooring records beginning about January 2017. About one‐quarter of floats deployed in ISOW at 1800‐m depth upstream in the Iceland Basin show a direct advective pathway into the BFZ that appears to be primarily determined by bathymetry. Another quarter of the floats crossed over the ridge to the Irminger Sea through other gaps prior to reaching the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone.

Comprehensive assessment of flood exposure in arid regions: Integrating GIS techniques and multi-method approaches – A case study of downstream swat river, Pakistan

Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, causing extensive damage to human lives, property, and the environment. Pakistan is susceptible to natural calamities, such as the 2010 flood and the recent most 2022 flood, resulting in millions of people being impacted. The assessment of flood exposure is essential to plan effective mitigation and flood preparedness. Until now, an affective and inclusive method for calculating flood exposure in arid areas has not been developed. This paper proposes a new method in the selected area to calculate flood exposure in arid areas heavily affected by monsoons. This evaluates the exposure of settlements in the area based on four indicators: elevation of the area, slope and area topography, river density, and vegetation cover. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis was selected, and exposure maps were developed using ArcGIS. Due to heavy monsoon rains and climate change in the region, the risks of flood exposure become high. The results indicate low to high level exposure distribution in the area in terms of various social, economic, physical, and environmental factors. In the region, unexpected heavy precipitation during the monsoon season brings considerable losses to property and people exposed to floods due to river water overflow. In addition, the growing population and the unplanned construction of resident settlements in the floodplain is another threat. The analysis reveals that most riverside settlements have low elevation, with 55% of construction sites built in the floodplain indicating a high exposure rate ranging from 0.4 to 0.5. The study further discloses that numerous settlements have a high exposure to flood hazards increasing the likelihood of severe future impacts from flooding in the area. The local government must establish appropriate land use planning and zonation for construction in the area in light of these findings. Based on the results, the manuscript provides an inclusive analysis of the chosen indicators for the overall flood exposure of the area and results of low to high exposure, making this a valuable contribution to the field of exposure assessment. This study also provides thematic maps to the stakeholders for the effective management of exposure in the area to reduce the future flood susceptibility.

Modelling of a Lake Outburst as a Result of the Development of Piping

The retreat of mountain glaciers inevitably leads to an increase in the number of outburst moraine lakes. One of the possible mechanisms of moraine dam outburst along with overflow over the crest is the formation of a filtration channel in the body of the moraine dam (piping). An algorithm for calculating the outburst flood hydrograph, describing the development of a filtration channel in the body of a moraine dam and the subsequent formation of water overflow when the soil above the channel collapses, is proposed in this paper. Verification of proposed methodology was carried out on the basis of experimental data and published data of real outbursts. Satisfactory results verifying this methodology made it possible to use the proposed methodology for the calculation of the hydrograph of the outburst of Lake Bashkara in the Elbrus region, which occurred on 1 September 2017. It is shown that the simulation results are quantitatively comparable with the estimates obtained from field data: the time of water discharge through the channel was 16 min, the period of the outburst wave passage was 40 min, and the maximum discharge was 636 m3/s. Thus, the possibility of applying the proposed methodology for calculating the destruction of natural moraine dams has been demonstrated.

Investigation of the Seismic Performance of Historical Masonry Aqueducts with Eulerian-Lagrangian Coupled Analysis

ABSTRACT Throughout history, aqueducts have been built to exceed obstacles on the waterway while preserving the energy of water. Our priceless cultural heritage, aqueducts must be protected to be passed on to future generations. Filling the channel with water can increase earthquake resistance due to the damping effect of water. Investigating of fluid and structure interaction of aqueducts through numerical analysis is crucial to understand their behavior under seismic forces. The aqueducts, for which 3D finite element models were prepared, were analyzed using the combined Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, taking into account two main scenarios: with and without fluid-structure interaction. With this approach, it’s aimed to observe the damping effect of the fluid, the sloshing on its surface and possible water overflows. Using the CDP material model for masonry units, the analyzes were diversified with various ground motion records at different Peak Ground Acceleration values. The presence of water in the channel significantly reduced displacements, stresses and damage rates. In addition, it was seen that the spectral acceleration value of the earthquake record was more effective in causing damage rather than the PGA value. Graphics and contour diagrams are given to understand and compare the analysis results of aqueduct models under different conditions.

THE IMPACT OF MINING EXCAVATIONS (VOIDS) ON THE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

The presence of a coal mining business permit not only has an economic impact but can also cause environmental problems. The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the impact of PT XXX's overflowing voids on water management and water quality, and (2) to carry out spatial analysis, mapping and estimation of coal reserves that cannot be extracted by PT YYY. The research method is a case study selected by purposive sampling at two companies in North Kalimantan Province using water quality test analysis with grab sampling and estimating the potential loss of coal reserves using the rule of gradual changes and rule of nearest point methods as well as aerial photography. The research results show that in general the water use meets Class 3, namely: Water that can be used for cultivating freshwater fish, animal husbandry, water for irrigating crops, and/or other uses that require the same water quality as that use. Apart from that, PT XXX has built an overflow water channel into the PT YYY area without management approval, thus having a negative impact on PT YYY's mining plans which are dominated by peat land. Map of PT YYY's lost coal potential of 714,688 MT with an affected area of 15.16 hectares with details of 6.4 ha being the void area included in PT YYY's IUP area, 1.86 ha being the road and buffer zone area and 6.9 ha is a potential lost area of PT YYY.

LUSI Burst: Addressing Toxic Mud Flows in Indonesia Through Disaster Recovery and Mitigation Strategies

A major volcanic eruption in May 2006 near an Indonesian gas drilling site continues to release toxic substances. Phenol chemicals, hazardous organic compounds in oil and gas, medications, paint, electronics, and hospitals harm the mud. When inhaled or touched briefly, phenol irritates human skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Oral phenol is somewhat toxic. The Lapindo Mud Impact harms the economy, society, and ecology. This includes agricultural land damage, livelihood disruption, and business closures. The authorities will direct Sidoarjo mud into the Porong River to regulate Sidoarjo mud. Second, environmental planning is underway to make the area a tourist attraction. Thirdly, control pumps should be used to control flooding in affected areas. Multiple mud retaining embankment breaches have caused water overflow. Residents are worried about residential flooding and fatalities, and they are being urged to be cautious along the dam. Thus, authorities need an effective disaster mitigation system like PPLS (Sidoarjo et al. Center) to quickly resolve mudflow disasters. The house was flooded with mud. When muck enters homes, authorities must act faster. Residents expect mudflow to affect their homes. A mitigation strategy with the village hall is vital to inform inhabitants of the necessary activities. Disaster mitigation will occur before, during, and after. To give disaster-prone residents confidence. This study uses sampling and phenomenology. The snowball sampling method was used. Residents near the Lapindo embankment fence in Gempolsari Village are the focus of this essay. Data was collected through 15-question interviews, 10-question observations, and Gempolsari village hall photos. The document includes results, discussion, and conclusions.

A moderately chocked estuary: Influence of a constriction on the water level variations of the Wouri estuary (Cameroon)

We study the water-level (WL) evolution in the Douala basin (DB), a sub-basin of the Wouri estuary, separated from the ocean by a natural constriction and influenced by tides and river inflow. Our objective is to assess whether floods in Douala city could result from water overflow from the Douala basin due to Wouri river floods. We first evaluate the constriction’s damping effect by analyzing tide amplitude variations from the ocean to the basin. A simplified model for basin WL variation is developed, incorporating a dissipation parameter (Г) that is evaluated using weak tidal amplitude modulation from the ocean to the basin over the dry season of 2023. Results in the DB reveal nondimensional choking-parameter (P) values of 12–19, indicating moderate dissipation. The basin's relatively small area results in a nondimensional river discharge parameter (S) of 0–12, indicating high river discharge regimes. Subsequently, the model is used to evaluate the mean and maximum WL, as well as tide amplitude variations of the DB, as functions of river flow and ocean tides. The mean WL increases, but the maximum tide amplitude decreases as river input increases. The maximum WL in the basin always exceeds the maximum amplitude of ocean tides but is only significantly higher when river input is above 1000 m3/s. In current conditions, where maximum observed river input is around 1800 m3/s, it is unlikely that flooding will extend beyond the basin borders into the city of Douala. For a moderate increase (20%) in future maximum river fluxes, it is also unlikely that the DB will overflow into Douala city. Only a drastic increase in mean ocean level and river fluxes (which are possible scenarios associated with climate change) could potentially lead to a significant rise in basin WL, resulting in severe flooding.

Review of Automatic Water Tank Filling System Using Arduino

Abstract: This project revolves around an Arduino- based automatic water level controller and indicator, employing ultrasonic sensors for water level measurement. These sensors operate on the "echo" principle, wherein transmitted sound waves return after striking an obstacle. Utilizing this principle enables the calculation of travel time for both outgoing and returning waves, facilitating the determination of distance. This fundamental concept is integrated into the project design. The system activates the motor pump automatically when the water level is low, addressing the pressing issue of drinking water scarcity prevalent in India and other countries. The project aims to contribute to water conservation efforts, given the prevalent crisis. Many households in India use overhead tanks, resulting in water overflow and substantial wastage of both water and electricity. To combat this, the project introduces an automatic water level controller, eliminating the need for manual switching ON and OFF of the motor pump. The device continuously monitors the water level and triggers a relay, subsequently activating the motor pump. This automated process not only minimizes water and electricity wastage but also reduces the reliance on manual operation, thereby optimizing efficiency.

DESIGN A MONITORING AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR DRINKING WATER FILLING WITH VOICE COMMANDS USING GOOGLE ASSISTANT

Drinking water filling stations currently still use faucets or buttons to stiffen drinking water filling, where the user is sometimes negligent which results in water overflow during the drinking water filling process and the availability of gallons of water at drinking water filling stations also often runs out. The purpose of this study is to monitor the availability of gallons of water at drinking water filling stations and fill drinking water with voice commands according to the desired water volume using Google Assistant. The command code given is "Turn on the Water Pump", "Turn Off the Water Pump", "Turn on 240 Milliliters", "Turn on 600 Milliliters" and "Turn on 1000 Milliliters" to Google Assistant. The result obtained from this study is the percentage of success of the command code which is 100%. Google Assistant is not able to detect voice commands with environmental conditions of noise interference above 88 dB. The average response speed the tool works at when given a command is 2253 milliseconds. The average error percentage of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with a manual gauge to determine availability in gallons is 1.8%. The success percentage of the E18-D80NK infrared sensor is 100%. The average error percentage of the Water Flow Sensor Yf-S201 with a measuring teapot when filling 240 milliliters of drinking water is 8.51%, 600 milliliters is 4.05% and 1000 milliliters is 2.35%.

Numerical study on discharge capacity of piano key side weir with various ratios of the crest length to the width

Abstract A side or lateral weir can be defined as a longitudinal weir put in parallel to the main flow direction. A piano key side weir (PKSW) is one of the various side weirs used to control flow level, flow diversion, and flood harm prevention in dams and hydraulic systems. A side weir aims to keep the water level in the main channel at a specific level by discharging the overflow water into a side channel. The discharge coefficient of the PKSW was covered in this study by numerical modeling of a rectangular PKSW type B with various ratios of the crest length to the width in a straight channel. Results showed that the discharge coefficient of the PKSW was more affected by the L/W parameter when the other parameters were constant. It was noted that the PKSW discharge coefficient for L/W equal to 6 demonstrated a significantly higher level of performance and also found that increasing the upstream head above the side weir crest (h a/P) negatively affected the coefficient of discharge. It was concluded that a high capacity of the discharge coefficient required the (h a/P) ratio to be smaller than 0.75 or within the range (0.3 ≤ h a/P < 0.75).

Research on the change of the storage volume of the Nordic Seas Overflows over the last 40 years

The Nordic Sea overflow, being a significant driver of the thermohaline circulation, exerts a substantial influence on environmental dynamics in the Arctic and globally. A better understanding about the trend of the storage volume of the Nordic Seas Overflows is of paramount importance to a realistic assessment of the North Atlantic circulation and variability. EN4.2.2 reanalysis data were utilized to acquire the monthly average time series of overflow water storage volume in the Nordic Sea from 1950 to 2022. The storage volume demonstrates seasonal variations, with fluctuations of approximately 10% around the average. Over the period from 1980 to 2022, the average volume per decade exhibited a consistent decrease. Linear fitting of the annual average data estimated the overall relative change trend in the last 43 years to be -7.2 ± 2.6%. However, the quality of the EN4.2.2 data brings the average error of about 12% in the calculation of the overflow storage volume, which implies that the downward trend requires further validation. From a spatial standpoint, the Norwegian Sea, particularly the Lofoten Basin, is the primary region where overflow water storage volume in the Nordic seas have decreased. This decrease corresponds to an increase in ocean temperatures within the upper layer (0-600m) of both the Lofoten Basin and the Norwegian Basin. The warming of these regions has directly impacted the overflow water storage volume, leading to its reduction. It is noteworthy that the ocean temperature rise in the upper layer is more influenced by the Atlantic inflow rather than air-sea flux, particularly in the Norwegian Basin. This is attributed to the substantial increase in SST in the North Atlantic, which aligns with the warm current regions in the Atlantic Ocean, and the lack of statistical significance in linear trend of the air-sea heat flux. Furthermore, there has been a more rapid reduction in the overflow storage volume in the Norwegian Sea from 2011 to 2022. Specifically, the annual average overflow volume from 2018 to 2022 dropped below the previous lowest value. Concurrently, the salinity of the upper Norwegian Sea and the Atlantic inflow decreased considerably, while there has been no significant change in ocean temperature. Therefore, this short-term fluctuation is predominantly attributed to the decrease in Atlantic inflow salinity. Interestingly, the decrease in overflow water volume in the Nordic Seas does not follow a linear pattern in relation to increasing ocean temperature; instead, it exhibits an accelerating trend. If the ocean temperature rises by 1°C, the overflow water volume in the Nordic Seas will decrease to 86% of the total volume. Overall, the overflow water storage in the Norwegian Sea undergoes complex interannual variations and is notably influenced by the influx from the Atlantic Ocean.

Overflow waters in the western Irminger Sea modify deep sound speed structure and convergence zone propagation

Deep sound speed structure in the western Irminger Sea is found to be highly dynamic in comparison to the adiabatic (uniform) sound speed gradient underpinning data assimilation and modeling efforts around the globe. A beamed source parabolic equation model is used to illustrate how the resulting non-uniform sound speed structure at 1 to 1.5 km in depth and sound speed inversion near the seafloor produce observable effects on acoustic signals between a shallow source and shallow vertical line array at convergence zone ranges. Beamforming analysis shows that a uniform sound speed gradient leads to “ideal” interference patterns that do not capture or represent modeled convergence zone properties, such as location, strength, and sharpness. Overall findings suggest that in situ information about sound speed below 1 km is necessary for low frequency, long-range propagation studies, particularly in areas of complex thermohaline circulation.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Pemeliharaan Aset Irigasi Kabupaten Tanah Datar

According to Minister of Public Works No. 12 of 2014, drainage with good conditions if drainage is able to control residential water so that it does not disturb and harm the community. However, looking at the current drainage conditions in Tanah Datar Regency, there are still many that are not well maintained. Based on field surveys, it was found that irrigation conditions in Tanah Datar district had good conditions of 56.69%, in other words, as many as 379 irrigation areas were only in good condition, the rest ± 43.31% were severely damaged and lightly damaged. This will affect planting productivity for farmers in the area around Tanah Datar Regency, (PSDA field of PUPR Office in 2023). The causes of damage to the irrigation network in Tanah Datar district in recent years are caused by landslides, overflow of irrigation water due to large amounts of sedimentation and garbage, lack of maintenance after irrigation is built, and lack of P3A members and community participation and sense of belonging to irrigation. The purpose of this study is to analyze, determine the dominant factors of irrigation asset maintenance management in Agam District and find solutions or solutions to improve the maintenance of irrigation assets in Tanah Datar District. This study used quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The results showed that there are 8 factors that determine the management of irrigation maintenance in Agam Regency, consisting of factors such as the physical condition of irrigation networks, planting productivity, planting facilities, personnel organization, documentation, P3A conditions, funds and community participation.

Experiment and modeling of an improvised atmospheric water harvester for arid and semi-arid conditions

Freshwater scarcity is a severe challenge in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions wherein the water harvesting from the atmosphere using active cooling condensation technique (ACC) is the only option. In this regard, we performed extensive experiments on a classical atmospheric water harvester (AWH) that relies on moisture condensation via a typical 1TR refrigeration cycle. We developed a MATLAB-SIMULINK based AWH model to note that the classical system has reasonable water harvesting rates in humid climates, but is inadequate for arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. We add an ultrasonic humidifier (160 W power input) before the evaporator section of the classical AWH system to address this issue. The modified system only needs a small amount of water (≈250 ml) for start-up, and further operates without perpetual water supply. We measure the water overflow from the humidifier tank (subtract the water added via the humidifier from the total water harvest) to show a net water harvesting in extremely hot and dry conditions (49 °C DBT and 12 % RH) resembling the weather conditions of Jaisalmer, India. A significant improvement of up to 70 % in water harvesting was also observed under warm and dry climates (35 °C DBT and 21 % RH) mimicking Jaipur, India. We believe that our system shows path for developing active AWH systems with substantial water harvesting in arid climates where active moisture condensation using the conventional strategy is otherwise not possible.

Sistem Pendeteksi Debit Penampungan Air Berbasis IoT Menggunakan NodeMCU

IoT-based reservoir water storage system using NodeMCU. This system can monitor and send information about water levels in real-time via the internet. The method used is to detect the water level in the reservoir using an ultrasonic sensor and control the water level using a relay. This system can help reduce economic losses caused by not being able to detect accurately by buoys which can cause an overflow of water in the reservoir. The method used in this research is the prototype method with stages of needs analysis, system design, implementation and evaluation. An IoT-based reservoir water storage system using NodeMCU ESP8266, relays, and ultrasonic sensors connected to the internet via Wi-Fi and controlled using the Blynk application on a smartphone. The aim of this research is that the system can provide notifications to users if the water level in the tank has reached certain limits, such as low, medium and full water conditions. As a result of this research, an IoT-based reservoir water storage system has been successfully developed using NodeMCU, relays, ultrasonic sensors, and the Blynk application which can monitor and send information about water levels in real-time via the internet.

LITERASI REVIEW SISTEM DRAINASE PERMUKAAN UNIVERSITAS PANCASAKTI TEGAL

Surface drainage is the regular diversion or disposal of excess water from the land surface through improved natural channels or constructed water channels, if necessary, equipped with the formation and assessment of the land surface for these channels. Campus 1 of Pancasakti University Tegal is located in the coastal area of ​​Tegal City. In some cases, the land surface of Pancasakti Tegal University is shaped or graded to create a slope towards the channel. The different types of surface drainage systems are open channels, humps and depressions, embankments, and building edge drains. Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and subsurface water from an area that has excess water. Internal drainage on most educational sites can prevent severe waterlogging, but many soils require artificial drainage to improve management of excess water. The first step in installing a drainage system is to survey the area and determine the type of system needed. During high tides and high rainfall, water intrusion occurs into the grounds of Pancasakti University Tegal. This involves assessing the amount of rainfall and sea tides in waterlogged areas, the slope of the land, and the type of soil. This will tell us what type and material of drainage system is best for the structure. The drainage problem that often arises is the lack of coordination and synchronization with other infrastructure development. In general, the handling of the drainage system is still partial, so it does not solve the problem of flooding and inundation completely. The purpose of this paper is to review several factors that cause water intrusion in drainage due to high tides causing water flow to be obstructed so that when it rains, water overflows and puddles occur.

Impact of Water Mass Mixing on the Composition and Mineralization of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Deep Labrador Sea

AbstractThe Labrador Sea is a region of the North Atlantic known for its strong ocean currents and deep water formation, which contribute to the transport and mixing of water masses throughout the region. The absorbing and fluorescing properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were assessed to track the water masses and the in situ production in the Labrador Sea (>200 m). No significant differences in DOM composition were found in the mesopelagic waters (200–1,000 m). In the bathypelagic waters (1,000–4,000 m), the estimated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved lignin concentrations, as well as humic‐like fluorescence intensities, allowed the discrimination of North East Atlantic Deep Water versus Denmark Strait overflow water. The humic‐like intensities were significantly different between upper Labrador Sea water (uLSW) and deep LSW (dLSW) suggesting their applications as tracers of deep winter mixing. The significant correlations with apparent oxygen utilization support the in situ production of humic‐like fluorescence and the net microbial consumption of DOC and lignin in the dark Labrador Sea. We also demonstrated that microbial activities play a role in the production of humic‐like compounds in the dLSW that experiences deep convection mixing.

Causes Of Drought In Baraka’s City And Its Impact On The Health Of Thepopulation

Droughts claim more victims and cause more displacement of populations than cyclones, floods and earthquakes combined. These natural disasters, less spectacular, are however less publicized. The lack of water, especially potable water and the overflow of water due to flooding create diseases that attack the population. In its June 2008 report, the WHO estimated that dirty water is the cause of 9.1% of illnesses and 6% of deaths recorded each year worldwide. Children are the first victims, since water is the cause of 22% of diseases in the children under 14 years old. Since the 1970s, the areas affected by drought have doubled and it is often women, children and the elderly who pay the heaviest price. To date, 168 countries (out 197) claim to be affected by desertification due to the process of soil deterioration in arid regions which affects food production and is exacerbated by drought. The study of the drought of tropical Africa did not begin to be studied until 1972. But, for the Democratic Republic of Congo, this subject is almost forgotten due to its gleaming rainfall situation. Unfortunately, this is in the process of decreasing and is observed in certain regions; this is the case of the Mutambala sector, Fizi territory, South Kivu province.

Overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic: a review.

The Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) was initiated in the spring of 2010 through a collaborative effort involving the USA, the UK, Germany, the Netherlands and Canada. A key feature of OSNAP is a trans-basin observing system deployed in the summer of 2014 for the continuous measure of volume, heat and freshwater fluxes in the subpolar North Atlantic. This review focuses on advancements made possible by the collective OSNAP observations. Chief among those advancements is the quantification of the dominant role of the eastern subpolar North Atlantic in the production of dense waters that reside in the lower limb of the overturning: the Irminger and Iceland basins contributed approximately three times as much dense water compared with the Labrador Sea over the observational period. Other advancements include elucidation of the relationship between convective activity in the basin interior and boundary current anomalies; the spread of overflow waters in the subpolar region; the seasonality of the meridional volume, heat and freshwater fluxes; and the challenges involved in designing a simpler, less costly observing system. Collectively, OSNAP measurements are laying a framework on which to assess the overturning circulation's vulnerability to continued warming and freshening as climate change continues apace. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Atlantic overturning: new observations and challenges'.

Sistem Peringatan Dini Bencana Banjir Berbasis IoT dengan Platform Firebase

The firebase platform is one of the Io-T services created by google. This platform uses real-time internet-based communication. In principle, data is stored in one database and can be read by several devices simultaneously with certain conditions. Flood is a disaster that generally affects certain areas or areas caused by the overflow of river water that passes through the area. By reading the condition of the river water level at the overflow point for that area, the data can be used as a reference as a warning for potentially affected areas. Ultrasonic sensor with esp8266 microprocessor can be used as a data collector, and by applying the calculation of the speed of level change over time it can provide an estimate of the potential for flooding and the time. The data sent from this sensor is sent to the database as the main data. Every area that might be affected is installed with an esp8266 microprocessor and an audio player module as a warning of the possibility of a flood disaster. The microprocessor installed in this area is given access to read the main data continuously so that it can provide accurate information as quickly as possible.