Unemployment Research Articles

Transformation from Neoclassicism to Austrian School: Javier Mileis Economic Evolution

Under President Javier Milei, Argentina's economic policies have drastically changed, shifting from neoclassical concepts to an Austrian School-inspired libertarian framework. His administration has placed a high priority on deregulation, fiscal restraint, and monetary stability in an effort to reduce government intervention and combat inflation. The economic, social, and political effects of Milei's actions during his first one-and-a-half years in power are evaluated in this paper, along with views from across the world and the viability of implementing his strategy in Germany. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, using quantitative data (inflation, GDP, unemployment rates, and fiscal balances), secondary literature (economic analysis, political commentary), and primary sources (government programs, Milei's speeches). According to the results, Milei's measures have been effective in lowering inflation, which by October 2024 had dropped from 211% in 2023 to a monthly rate of 2.7%. The social consequences of quick fiscal consolidation are reflected in the fact that these changes have also resulted in an economic recession (GDP -4%), increased unemployment (8%), and a rise in poverty (53%). Reactions to Milei's policies have been divided on a global scale. Keynesian critics warn of economic stagnation and growing inequality, while Austrian and libertarian economists praise his deregulation and fiscal restraint. In terms of transferability, Germany's robust social market economy and institutional protections make full-scale adoption of free-market ideas impossible, even though some of them may be modified there. Future research should look at the long-term impact of Milei's changes and their applicability in various economic circumstances since the study concludes that his initiatives provide both potential and risks and serve as a test case for extreme fiscal conservatism

Foresight study for addressing megatrends in information and communication technology (ICT)

Information and communications technology (ICT) encompasses the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. In the context of Europe, the adoption of cutting-edge ICT is rapidly accelerating competitiveness, innovation, and job creation. However, this progress depends on a skilled workforce capable of implementing these advanced technologies effectively. This study aims to explore current ICT trends while addressing the digital skills gap in Southern Europe. The research focused on three countries: Greece, Cyprus, and Bulgaria. To gather relevant insights, two rounds of the Delphi technique were employed to reach a consensus on the most crucial digital skills shaping the future.The findings reveal a rapidly evolving landscape of digital competencies essential for navigating the transformative era of advanced ICT technologies. The study highlights emerging megatrends in the ICT sector, such as AI integration, cybersecurity challenges, and the shift toward 5G, underscoring the need for continuous upskilling to remain competitive in the global market. As ICT continues to evolve, it is clear that developing a skilled workforce will be vital to unlocking the potential of these technologies in Southern Europe.

Innovative Entrepreneurship and Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis in Emerging Countries

Innovative entrepreneurship has increasingly been acknowledged as one of the most vital drivers of economic development, job creation at high value, wealth creation, and business growth. This study analyzes the current status and evolution of research on innovative entrepreneurship and sustainability in the context of emerging economies, based on a bibliometric analysis of 132 articles indexed in the Web of Science database. The search was guided by relevant keywords, such as “innovative entrepreneurship*” and “sustainab*”. Systemic barriers limit the scalability of innovative ventures, especially in developing countries. Frugal and green innovations, digital technologies, and rural enterprises show promise but face challenges like resource constraints, ethical concerns, and policy gaps. Collaborative, equity-focused approaches are essential to ensure entrepreneurship drives sustainable and inclusive development. Further studies should expand the data source, increase the pool of articles, and develop cross-country comparisons to enhance global understanding. This may lead to a better understanding of innovative entrepreneurship and sustainability that can be used to create actionable strategies for development in various economic contexts.

Exploring health outcome disparities in African regional economics communities: a multilevel linear mixed-effect analysis

BackgroundIn African Regional Economic Communities (RECs), notable and enduring disparities exist in health outcomes. This study investigates the impact of macro-level characteristics of countries on health outcomes disparities within the African Regional Economic groupings. The study used panel data from the World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) and the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), spanning 37 African countries, grouped into eight RECs between 2000 and 2019. We employed infant and under-five mortality rates and life expectancy at birth as indicators of health outcomes.MethodThe study used a multilevel linear (ML) mixed-effect approach to examine the influence of country-level factors on health outcome disparities within the eight African RECs recognized by the African Union.ResultsThe findings show that higher unemployment rates and HIV incidence exacerbate these disparities, while a growing elderly population and improved access to basic drinking water can mitigate them. Increased internet usage correlates with higher within-regional inequalities in child mortality rates but reduces disparities in life expectant at birth. Urbanization trends contribute to lower-intra-regional inequality in infant mortality rates and life expectancy at birth. Higher domestic government health expenditure as a share of general government spending is linked to reduced disparities in under-five and infant mortality rates. Still, it increases inequalities in life expectancy at birth within the regional groupings. Moreover, a higher proportion of the population below 15 years old and trade gains positively influence regional disparities in life expectancy. Conversely, DTP immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months is associated with higher within-regional inequality in infant mortality rates.ConclusionsPolices aimed at reducing unemployment rates and HIV incidence should be prioritized. In addition, governments should invest in elderly care programs and infrastructure development for water supply. Efforts to promote internet access should be complemented by interventions to enhance child health and healthcare accessibility. Encouraging urban planning policies that prioritize developing healthcare infrastructure and facilitating healthcare access in urban areas is crucial. Furthermore, Governments should increase their health expenditure allocation in general government spending. Promoting strategies to enhance healthcare access and quality for specific demographics, alongside leveraging trade gains to invest in healthcare infrastructure and services, is imperative. Targeted interventions ensuring equitable access to immunization services should also be emphasized.

Standards of living and human potential development: Assessing risks to regions’ economic security

The possibility of high-quality labour force reproduction is a key condition for forming a knowledge-intensive production system, ensuring the necessary level of technological sovereignty and economic self-sufficiency against the background of the deteriorating geo-economic situation. The study’s aim is to identify and assess the risks to economic security in the context of human potential development on the example of regions in Russia’s Volga Federal District. Methodologically, the re search relies on Senchagov–Mityakov zonal theory as well as on a political economy approach. The methods include a historical-logical method, comparative analysis, and an index method. The data is the indicators reflecting the standard of living and the degree of human potential development for 2010–2022 coming from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The decile ratio and the percentage of population with income below the subsistence level capture the greatest risks to regional economic security. The problem traced by the decile ratios is the acutest in the Perm krai and the Nizhny Novgorod oblast, in terms of poverty – in the Mari El Republic, the Chuvash Republic, and the Republic of Mordovia. The most favourable situation has emerged with the unemployment rate, especially in such industrially de veloped regions as the Republic of Tatarstan, the Udmurt Republic, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The findings confirm the need for an active state policy focusing on the development of social sphere and reduction of inequality, prioritising the development of the institutional environment, and expanding financial incentives in the innovative segment of the national economy.

Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on China's Economy

At the beginning of 2019, China faced significant challenges due to the outbreak of COVID-19. During the epidemic, the people and the government experienced many difficulties, such as communication difficulties and insufficient supplies. Simultaneously, the global economy entered the attenuation phase, and the epidemic dealt a major blow to the world. In response, China carried out many strategies to prevent and control the spread of the epidemic, such as citywide lockdowns and nucleic acid. During these processes, these moves had a mixed impact on China's economy. This paper examines the effects of the epidemic on China's economy by analyzing news articles, official reports, and statistical data, including changes in imports and exports, trade balances, population trends, and unemployment rates before and after the outbreak. The findings reveal that while the epidemic introduced numerous challenges, it also prompted structural changes, leaving a nuanced and multifaceted impact on the Chinese economy.By searching for news reports, official reports, and comparing China's total imports and exports, trade deficit, resident population, and unemployment rate before and after the epidemic, the paper able to get a sense of how the epidemic affected China and how it impacted the Chinese economy as a whole. By analyzing the impact of the epidemic, this paper finds that the epidemic has had both positive and negative impacts on the Chinese economy.

Collateral Ownership as A Stepping Stone to Formal Credit Accessibility: A Perspective of Cottage Industry Owners

Purpose: The study investigates the influence of collateral ownership on formal credit accessibility for cottage industry owners in Dodoma, Tanzania. Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional survey randomly sampled 357 cottage industry owners from Dodoma City and Chamwino District Council in the Dodoma Region. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used, including surveys and interviews. The analysis employed SPSS software to perform descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression, to examine the influence of collateral ownership and formal credit accessibility. Findings: The study found that most cottage industry owners with collateral can only access a small amount of formal credit of up to five million Tanzanian shillings. Similarly, the study revealed that ownership of tangible assets, title deeds, business assets, and employment contracts significantly enhances the likelihood of cottage industry owners accessing credit from formal financial institutions in Dodoma, Tanzania. Research Limitation: The study concentrated on collateral ownership and formal credit accessibility to Dodoma City and Chamwino District Council cottage industry owners. Thus, the findings may not apply to all Tanzanian cottage industry owners within the councils due to different regional administrative structures. Also, future studies can examine how interest rates, the availability of business records, and the location of the business may affect formal credit accessibility. Practical Implication: Understanding the role of collateral ownership is crucial in informing policies to improve financial inclusion and reduce poverty. Social Implication: Enhancing credit accessibility through collateral ownership to cottage industry owners can promote economic growth and job creation in Tanzania. Originality/ Value: The application of credit rationing theory in comprehending the influence of collateral ownership and credit accessibility for cottage industry owners in Tanzania, contributing to the financial ecosystem for informal businesses in developing economies.

This Crisis Is Different: Weakened Economic Accountability During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

ABSTRACTClassic economic voting theories suggest Donald Trump would be held accountable for the recession during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. I argue, however, that traditional economic voting patterns were less important in 2020 than they otherwise would have been due to the pandemic. Three factors potentially reduced the economy's effect: the complicated and multifaceted nature of this crisis made it difficult to attribute responsibility to the president, the economy's salience fell as the public focused on other issues, and cash transfers cushioned households facing economic uncertainty. I test this expectation in three ways, and all show weak economic voting in 2020. President Trump was generally not held accountable for the personal economic dislocations such as job losses or income reductions individuals endured during the pandemic. The individual‐level connection between sociotropic evaluations and presidential approval weakened in 2020. Finally, President Trump's aggregate approval rating reflected consumer confidence before the pandemic but not during it. The electorate does not blindly hold the incumbent accountable for economic outcomes.

Flipkart-Myntra: Merger control between Amazon threat and short-run effects on the Indian economy

Mergers and Acquisitions have been the most popular means of inorganic expansion of companies. It is extensively used for restructuring business organizations. The growing number of internet users, a more secure and convenient transaction system, coupled with lucrative offers and a 24x7 delivery system are the common drivers of growth. For Indian companies wishing to expand beyond India’s borders, mergers and acquisitions have become a popular method to access new markets rapidly.The immediate economic effects include potential job creation and increased investment in technology and infrastructure. With Flipkart raising $1 billion in fresh funds and Amazon pouring $2 billion into the Indian market, many existing players could fall off the investors' radar paving the way for a race between Amazon and Flipkart in India. The 2014 merger between Flipkart and Myntra marked a significant consolidation in the Indian e-commerce sector, aimed at bolstering Flipkart’s competitive stance against global rival Amazon. This paper explores the regulatory aspects of the merger control process, focusing on how the acquisition sought to mitigate the competitive threat posed by Amazon.

WHOQOL-BREF in Measuring Quality of Life Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Leg Ulcers

Sickle cell disease (SCD) presents complex clinical manifestations influenced by genetic, social, environmental, and healthcare access factors as well as socioeconomic status. In this context, sickle cell leg ulcers (SLUs) are a debilitating complication of SCD. We aimed to describe sociodemographic data and evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of SCD patients with and without SLUs. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 13 SCD patients with SLUs and 42 without LUs. Clinical data were obtained by reviewing the medical records, and QoL was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Our cohort of patients had a mean age of 34.9 years, with 52.8% male, 52.8% identifying as black, and 41.7% identifying as brown. Most had low income, incomplete education, and high unemployment rates. The social habits and relationships of SCD patients showed varying levels of friendship and family closeness, and the majority of SLU+ patients did not practice sports. We failed to find statistical differences in the WHOQOL-BREF domains between SLU+ and SLU− patients. However, higher income and employment status were associated with improved WHOQOL-BREF domain scores in SCD patients, while vaso-occlusive episodes and female gender were linked to lower scores. Our data reinforce the sociodemographic characteristics of SCD. The physical domain was associated with income, occupation, and vaso-occlusion. The psychological domain was associated with income and occupation. The social relationship domain was associated with occupation and female gender. The environmental domain was associated with vaso-occlusion. The WHOQOL-BREF is a reliable tool to measure QoL in SCD.

Economic stability in the GCC countries: A comparative study of the Kingdom of Bahrain and Sultanate of Oman

The present study focuses on economic stability in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries with special emphasis on the economy of Kingdom of Bahrain and Sultanate of Oman. This study is an attempt to examine Gross Domestic Product (GDP), per capita, unemployment, inflation, and interest rates in the Kingdom of Bahrain and Sultanate of Oman. The fluctuation in oil and gas prices affects the growth and development of economies the Gulf Cooperation Council to maintain stability and continuous growth. The present research investigates the major economic indicators like GDP growth, inflation rates, and unemployment rates to assess the resilience of the economies of the Kingdom of Bahrain and the Sultanate of Oman. It also examines the effects of diversification initiatives on the long-term economic stability of Bahrain and Oman, including Vision 2030 and investments in non-oil sectors. By examining both historical trends and current policy frameworks, it provides insights into the strategies that Bahrain and Oman should employ to reduce risks and enhance economic resilience in an increasingly unpredictable global economy. The results emphasize the importance of strategic planning and regional collaboration in promoting long-term economic growth and stability in the Kingdom of Bahrain and the Sultanate of Oman.

Adapting to change: redefining employee utilization in construction projects through lessons learnt from COVID-19

PurposeThe study aims to understand the challenges of effective employee utilization in construction projects during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a developing country and to develop mitigation strategies for post-pandemic workforce management.Design/methodology/approachWe used a qualitative research design to conduct semi-structured interviews with elite informants of various construction firms and analyze the data using thematic analysis.FindingsThe results showed that numerous factors, including supply chain issues, inadequate worker healthcare, ineffective knowledge management and job losses, have negatively impacted the construction industry. The prominent outcomes of the study are a conceptual framework for effective workforce management post-pandemic and beyond, including recommendations for managers and executives and future research.Originality/valueThe workforce management framework with knowledge management developed in this study provides a new theoretical view of post-pandemic mitigation strategies through the theoretical lens of dynamics capabilities and knowledge management. The findings cover industrial insights, particularly from the stakeholders’ perspective, and provide a solid foundation for future research in this domain.

Macroeconomic Determinants of Effective Corporate Tax Rates: The Case of the Slovak Republic

The effective corporate tax rate is a critical measure reflecting a nation’s fiscal policy and its attractiveness to foreign investment. This study investigates the relationship between macroeconomic determinants and effective corporate tax rates, focusing on Slovakia’s competitiveness within the European Union from 2004 to 2022. Using a panel regression model, the research identifies significant correlations between nominal tax rates, unemployment, government debt, and effective tax rates. Our findings reveal a consistent downward trend in both nominal and effective tax rates across EU member states, with Slovakia maintaining relatively lower effective tax rates compared to older EU members, thus enhancing its fiscal competitiveness. However, discrepancies persist among member states, influenced by differences in tax policies, enforcement, and exemptions. The study underscores the complex interplay between fiscal policies and macroeconomic conditions, highlighting the importance of aligning effective tax rates with broader economic goals. Policymakers are advised to consider reforms that balance tax competitiveness with fiscal sustainability, ensuring that effective tax rates reflect intended policy outcomes. This analysis offers valuable insights into tax policy dynamics within the EU and provides a framework for designing strategies to attract investment while maintaining economic stability.

Utilizing Remote Sensing for Monitoring Land Cover Changes and Land Surface Temperature Fluctuations

Land cover change detection supports many kinds of environmental and human development initiatives in both developed and developing countries over the past twenty-three years, Laos has experienced massive changes in land use resulting in corresponding increases in surface temperature. These changes have been little studied or evaluated empirically. To address this gap, this research study focused on tracking land cover change detection (LCCD) and Land surface temperature (LST) change in the study area of Thakhet Laos. Landsat 5, 8, and Modis datasets were used to analyze the relationship between land use and LST from 2000 to 2023. According to the LCCD results, the forest area decreased from 46,912 km² in 2000 to 33,955 km² in 2023, likely due to human activities and urban transition, while bare land increased and agricultural land decreased. In 2000 the LST values in the study area varied widely. The lowest recorded value is 24°C while the highest is 33°C. In 2023, the LST values ranged from 20°C to 41°C, this indicates an increase in temperatures compared to the previous years overall. The observed increase in urban areas, such as population movement, economic development, industrialization, and urban job creation could be a factor driving the LCCD and LST change.

Potential Socioeconomic Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Operation on Inland Fisheries in the High Aswan Dam Reservoir

ABSTRACTThe High Aswan Dam (HAD) reservoir is considered as the most vital reservoir in Egypt and as a source of freshwater fish. It contributes 69% of the total inland fisheries production. The annual fish production from the HAD reservoir is estimated by the General Authority for Fishery Resources Development (GAFRD) as 12,000 ton/year. The HAD reservoir is the main source of freshwater fisheries in Egypt. That amount of fish in the reservoir guarantees a constant source of income and employment since the HAD establishment. Fish production is significantly affected by three environmental key parameters: water level fluctuation, water temperature change, and sedimentation amount. Any alteration in these three parameters will significantly affect the social and economic status of the HAD reservoir fisheries. This study aims to quantify the potential socioeconomic consequences of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) operation on the HAD reservoir fishery. To quantify these potential impacts, this research utilizes pre‐GERD socioeconomic data gathered by national and international organizations such as WorldFish (https://worldfishcenter.org/) and GAFRD, to establish baseline data. The change in predicted socioeconomic assessment is carried out based on the water level, temperature change, and sedimentation, after the GERD operation. A significant reduction in fish production is anticipated, with an estimated average decline by 48.5% compared to current production rates. This decline is expected to lead to a decrease in the overall socioeconomic value of the HAD reservoir fishery, potentially resulting in job losses for 25% to 72% of the fishermen and distributors employees. The total fishing income is expected to decrease, because of the decrease in fish production. The research findings highlight the importance of policy considerations to mitigate the possible socioeconomic impacts. Potential policy interventions could include stricter fishing regulations, alternative livelihood programs for affected communities, and collaborative management strategies with upstream dam operators.

Daewoo, Thomson, and Privatization in Late-Twentieth-Century France

The region of Lorraine in France witnessed the collapse of the steel industries in the late twentieth century, causing massive job losses and social devastation. Daewoo Electronics, a division of one of the great Korean conglomerates of the 1980s and 1990s, came to Lorraine in eastern France in 1987. It was lured there by generous French government subsidies and the chance to enter the European market. It opened three factories in consumer electronics and components, and also nearly acquired Thomson Multimédia, a state-owned consumer electronics factory, from the French government “for a single symbolic franc”. The resulting uproar, from political opponents and Thomson and Daewoo employees, ended the deal and soured its relationship with France. Daewoo employed just over a thousand people before it closed in 2003, a result of the collapse of the entire Daewoo Group. This article places this sequence of events, widely covered in the media, in the context of French anxiety about globalization, the loss of industrial substance, and France’s place in a changing world. It examines the process of privatization, and the ways in which it went so badly wrong in the Thomson case. This episode occurred at a critical juncture in the transformation of industrial capitalism into a service and digital economy.

The Influence of Work Life Balance and Job Crafting on Employee Performance at PT. XYZ

Through the use of quantitative research methodology and data collection techniques including observation, interviews and recording, this research seeks to determine and assess the influence of work-life balance and job crafting on employee performance at PT.XYZ. Head of the HRD Department of PT XYZ and karyawan acted as informants for data collection. Employees must always bear the costs, demands and obligations of their work. Employees will experience greater stress at work the more pressure there is in the workplace. An employee's capacity to handle work-related stress without disrupting their personal life is a key component of work-life balance. Employee adjustments to achieve a balance between job-related responsibilities and resources and their needs and skills are reflected in job creation. Job crafting has an impact on employee performance because when workers organize their tasks efficiently, improvements occur, increasing job satisfaction and productivity.

Green Entrepreneurship in Plastic Manufacturing: Pathways to Job Creation and Environmental Responsibility

Green Entrepreneurship in Plastic Manufacturing: Pathways to Job Creation and Environmental Responsibility

Who Takes the Cake? The Heterogeneous Effect of European Central Bank Accommodative Monetary Policy across Income Classes

AbstractThis work provides evidence of the heterogeneous effects of the ECB's monetary policy across income classes. In particular, this investigation focuses on the labor market channel. Based on EU‐SILC data, we estimate country‐specific structural vector autoregressions (SVAR) models to analyze the impact of the expansionary monetary policy shocks over the 2006–2019 period. The results suggest that monetary easing helped decrease unemployment rates for lower‐ and middle‐income classes, to a larger extent for the former. This differential impact is accounted for a stronger improvement in job finding rates for classes located at the bottom of the income distribution. Conversely, the employment status of the upper class remained largely unaffected. The analysis identifies a positive impact of expansionary monetary policy on real labor income, which seems to have mostly benefitted the upper class. Overall, our results suggest that expansionary monetary policy helped decrease labor income inequality by exerting a stronger positive impact on lower‐income households.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION (GWR) METHOD ON OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN REGENCY/CITY OF SUMATRA ISLAND

Unemployment is a condition where a person who is included in the labor force but does not have a job and is not actively looking for work. The number of unemployed is measured using the Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) indicator. OUR is obtained by comparing the number of job seekers and the number of labor force. This study aims to obtain a model of OUR in each district / city of Sumatra Island and what factors influence it using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) method and Fixed Gaussian Kernel Function weighting, and describe predictor variables on thematic maps. The GWR method is one of the statistical methods that can prevent the presence of spatial aspects in the data. The parameters estimated by the local regression model vary at each location point and are estimated using the Weighted Least Square (WLS) method. Based on the research results obtained from this study, the GWR models obtained amounted to 154 different local models in each district / city on the island of Sumatra. Variables Labor Force Participation Rate, Population Growth Rate, Population Density and Average Years of Schooling have a significant influence on each location, meanwhile variable Percentage of Poor Population and variable Poverty Line have no influence on any location. These variables are able to explain the OUR by 57.2%, where the remaining 42.8% is explained by other factors that are not explained in the model.