Unemployment Research Articles

The Evaluation of Omnibus Law on Job Creation on Domestic Investment in Java

To improve welfare, economic development is a complex and continuous process and investment is one of the important components. The Omnibus Law on Job Creation in 2020 (UUCK 2020) is a legislative policy and came into force in November 2020 with the aim of increasing the ease of doing business and attracting investment, thereby increasing jobs. Through the implementation of the OSS RBA system, UUCK 2020 brings major changes in business licensing governance that prioritizes legal certainty, transparency, and speed in the licensing process. The phenomenon of Java-centric is slowly developing until now has referred to various aspects including spatial, economic, social, cultural, political and other aspects. This study answers the hypothesis about the impact of the UUCK 2020 supported by the RBA OSS can increase domestic investment and also answers the evidence of the continued influence of Centric Java in increasing domestic investment caused by the regulation. This research study uses quantitative methods with difference in difference method against 34 provinces grouped in treatment and control groups. The results obtained are descriptive and empirically proven that there is a more expansive trend for the treatment group (Java island) after the UUCK 2020 policy is applied.This research study confirms the existence of investment preferences that are still focused and concentrated in Java compared to Non-Java.

Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in News Gathering and Reporting in Nigerian Mass Media

This study looks at how artificial intelligence (AI) is employed in news reporting and gathering in Nigerian mainstream media, with a focus on LTV and TVC. The study's goals are to find out how much AI is employed in these TV stations, as well as what the benefits and challenges are of doing so, and what the ethical implications are of incorporating AI into journalism. The study conducted in-depth interviews with journalists from LTV and TVC to gain information on their viewpoints and experiences about the usage of AI in their news gathering and reporting methods. The findings demonstrate the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in data analysis, automation, and content creation for news reporting. Nonetheless, the research also emphasizes the difficulties and moral dilemmas that come with the use of AI, such as the possibility of prejudice, the loss of jobs, and the requirement for accountability and transparency. According to the study's findings, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to completely transform Nigerian journalism. Still, its implementation would need to be carefully regulated to get the best results for society and the media.

The Influence of Learning-Oriented Organizational Culture on Innovation and Firm Performance in The Creative Industry

The creative industry is an important sector in the Indonesian economy. This industry has great potential to increase economic growth, job creation and national competitiveness. However, to achieve this potential, companies in the creative industries need to continue to innovate and improve their performance. One of the factors that can encourage innovation and company performance is a learning-oriented organizational culture. This research aims to analyze the influence of learning-oriented organizational culture on innovation in creative industry companies. This research uses quantitative research methods. Data was collected through surveys using questionnaires and literature studies. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using a regression test using the SPSS program. The research results show that a learning-oriented organizational culture has a positive influence on innovation and company performance in the creative industries. This culture creates an environment that encourages employees to continuously learn and develop, facilitates the exchange of ideas, and adopts new approaches to their work. In addition, a learning-oriented culture also improves overall company performance by improving operational efficiency, increasing employee satisfaction, and producing better and more innovative products or services.

Socio-Economic Assessment of Wind and Tidal Energy in Maritime Regions: Advancing SDG 7 Through Renewable Energy Development

This study evaluates the comparative socio-economic impacts of wind and tidal energy in maritime regions, specifically examining their contribution to achieving SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) through job creation, economic benefits, and sustainable energy production. The research employs sustainable energy transition theories and socio-economic impact assessment models, incorporating frameworks for renewable energy development in coastal regions and SDG implementation strategies. A mixed-methods approach combines quantitative analysis of economic indicators (employment, revenue, tariffs) with qualitative assessment of stakeholder perspectives. Data collection included document analysis, stakeholder interviews, and comparative case studies of wind and tidal energy projects. Analysis reveals wind energy's superior immediate economic viability, generating 3.68 jobs/MW during construction with competitive tariffs (7-8 cents/kWh). Tidal energy demonstrates higher job intensity (9 jobs/MW) but faces higher operational costs. Both technologies show distinct environmental impacts and stakeholder acceptance patterns, contributing differently to SDG 7 targets through clean energy provision and economic development. The findings provide evidence-based guidance for policymakers implementing SDG 7 in maritime regions, offering insights into optimizing renewable energy development for both economic benefit and sustainable development goals. This research presents a novel comparative analysis integrating socio-economic impacts with SDG 7 objectives, providing practical insights for sustainable energy development in maritime regions.

IMPACT OF 12% TAX INCREASE ON UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA

The 12% increase in the Value Added Tax (VAT) rate in Indonesia raises concerns about its impact on the unemployment rate and economic growth. This article analyzes the implications of this fiscal policy using a macroeconomic approach and systematic literature review method. The process of coding and visualizing the research results uses Atlas.ti software. The findings suggest that the tax increase has the potential to burden firms, which could lead to a reduction in labor force and increase unemployment, especially in sectors that depend on people's purchasing power. In this situation, higher inflation could erode purchasing power, reduce demand for goods and services, and slow overall economic growth. This research suggests that an increase in unemployment will have a wider negative impact on the economy, as the informal sector tends to be more vulnerable to these fluctuations. Keywords: Value Added Tax (VAT), Increase in VAT rate, Unemployment, Economic growth, Macroeconomic approach.

Assessing COVID-19's Impact on China's Economy and Labor Market

The rapid global spread of COVID-19 has impacted 114 countries across six continents, significantly affecting economic growth, health security, and employment. This study examines the pandemic's worldwide trends and its profound implications for China's economy, particularly the unemployment rate. The analysis highlights how strict containment measures, such as social isolation and lockdowns, effectively reduced infection rates but led to economic disruptions, with the aviation, tourism, and hospitality sectors experiencing severe job losses. Labor mobility restrictions and uncertain economic conditions further hindered business operations and investments. The paper provides insights into the pandemic’s short- and long-term effects on China's labor market and economic landscape, offering strategic policy recommendations for recovery and resilience in the face of future challenges. This research aims to inform policymakers and stakeholders on developing more effective responses to similar crises.

Инструменты ресурсного обеспечения стратегических приоритетов развития Арктической зоны России

This study, grounded in the strategizing methodology of Academician V. L. Kvint, emphasizes the necessity of establishing resource support mechanisms for the strategic priorities governing the development of Russia's Arctic. The primary objective is to assess the potential resource security required to implement these priorities, utilizing the proposed methodological framework. Resource allocation must consider both mobility and accessibility at all stages of strategic execution. The efficient redistribution of limited resources to leverage existing and emerging competitive advantages necessitates the establishment of an effective system for monitoring and controlling the implementation of these priorities. Analyzing official statistical data from 2018–2023, the study evaluates the potential of labor, material, and financial resources to support the Arctic Development Strategy of the Russian Federation through 2035. The analysis encompasses regional trends in key indicators such as population dynamics (natural and migratory growth), workforce metrics (excluding small businesses), average monthly wages, unemployment and informal employment rates, investments in fixed assets, financial inflows, and the proportion of unprofitable businesses. To strengthen resource security, the article proposes upgrading financial tools and mechanisms for providing the working population with Northern benefits. It highlights the potential of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and remote employment to partially offset the reliance on expensive and scarce labor resources. Financial support for implementing the Arctic development strategy can be bolstered by diversifying funding sources, including digital financing methods, across all stages of execution.

Social media and collective identity on protest, analysis comparative of Omnibus Law protest and Hongkong 19-20 protest

The large protests against the New Amendment to the Extradition Bill in Hong Kong and the Omnibus Law 2020 Job Creation Bill in Indonesia are proof of the massive public movement through social media. This study aims to determine how social media is used in social movements in terms of dichotomy content, actor clusters, and collective identity formation in two cases: Indonesia (Rejection of the Omnibus Law Job Creation Bill) and Hong Kong (Rejection of the Extradition Bill Amendment). Differences and similarities are listed below. This research uses a Qualitative Method, with the analysis using Qualitative Data Analysis Software (Q-DAS), namely NVIVO 12Plus. This study has the following results: First, the dichotomy content between Indonesia and Hong Kong tends to be evenly distributed. Second, both examples show parallels in the distribution of actor clusters with the dichotomy, demonstrating that both cases have become a significant movement. Third, the collective identity in the Indonesian case refers to the contesting parties in the pros and cons of the Omnibus Law. In contrast, the Hong Kong case relates to protecting the Hong Kong people’s ethnicity, language, politics, economy, and culture. The limitations of this study focus on social media in social movements and collective identities, excluding regulatory analysis and aspects of digital/mass media. This study recommends further research focusing on the legal consequences of the Omnibus Law and including digital and mass media in the framing of social movements.

Enhancing SME impact on Economic Development in Sultanate of Oman

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are a significant driving force behind Oman's economic growth. The government, academics, and economists agree that promoting entrepreneurship and small business development is an effective strategy for economic development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of SME entrepreneurs in economic development and examine the impact of SMEs on capacity building, employment generation, competitive markets, and technological development in Oman. The research design is empirical, and data was collected from 174 SME entrepreneurs in Oman. Structural Equation Modeling analysis revealed a significant and positive indirect effect of SMEs on economic development, with a path coefficient of 0.274 and a t-value of 2.562. From a socio-economic perspective, SMEs provide various benefits, including job creation, human capacity building, promoting competitive markets, and developing new technologies. Therefore, it is essential for governments to recognize the contributions of SMEs to national economy and wealth creation from the outset and incorporate them into the economic development process. The study's findings will provide guidance for developing new SMEs and understanding the expected role of SME entrepreneurs in contributing to economic development in Oman through capacity building, employment generation, promoting competitive markets, and technological development.

The effect of job loss on risky financial decision-making

Job loss is a common and disruptive life event. It is known to have numerous long-term negative effects on financial, health, and social outcomes. While the negative effects of becoming unemployed on health and well-being are well understood, the influence of job loss on financial decisions has received little attention. Across a large-scale survey ( N = 37 , 854 ), spending data from a bank ( N = 404 , 470 ), and two online experiments (total N = 1 , 403 ), we find that job loss increases financial risk-taking. First, in survey data, job loss is associated with elevated levels of self-reported financial risk-taking and lottery ticket purchases. Next, using administrative data from a large bank, we find consistent causal evidence of the influence of job loss on gambling spending. Although total spending decreases after job loss, gambling spending is less affected than our control categories. Finally, we turn to two incentive-compatible manipulations of job loss operationalized in a lab setting. We find that this experimental manipulation increases the take-up of financial risks. The current finding that job loss increases financial risk-taking could accentuate long-term negative financial effects of job loss.

Investigating the Underpinning Criteria of Employees’ Social Sustainability and Their Impact on Job Satisfaction in the U.A.E. Construction Sector

The construction sector holds a paramount position in the economic landscape of any country, serving as its foundational pillar. This sector, characterized by its diverse and dynamic environment, is crucial in job creation across various domains, including transportation, real estate, manufacturing, trade, warehousing, wholesale, and leasing services. Employing about one quarter of the global workforce, its significance is undeniable. Despite its pivotal role, the construction sector grapples with significant mental health and social sustainability challenges. Reports in recent years indicate that approximately one in four individuals worldwide experiences various forms of mental disorders. A study by the Global Burden of Disease in 2010 revealed that around 400 million people globally suffer from depression with projections suggesting that depression could be the leading cause of employee mortality by 2030. This underscores the critical need to address mental health and well-being issues in this sector. While the existing literature has presented numerous studies and reliable scales linking employee mental health and well-being to factors such as job satisfaction, productivity, absenteeism, and low turnover rates, these studies often operate in isolation, concentrating on specific aspects of mental health. This study views mental health and well-being as essential parts of defining social sustainability as a comprehensive concept. Moreover, limited research has been conducted to assist organizations in decision making and facilitate efforts to enhance the social sustainability of employees in the construction sector, highlighting a noticeable research gap. To address this gap, our study adopted a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, incorporating semi-structured interviews, surveys, and structural equation modeling to identify the underpinning criteria that define the social sustainability of employees. This study accordingly incorporated the identified criteria to evaluate the relationship and impact of these factors on employees’ job satisfaction, ultimately contributing to the assurance of social sustainability for employees within the construction sector in the UAE. This holistic approach seeks to establish the intricate relationship between employees’ job satisfaction and their mental health, providing valuable insights for guiding organizational decisions and fostering improvements in employee social sustainability in the construction sector generally and the UAE construction sector in particular.

Combination of Remote Sensing and Artificial Intelligence in Fruit Growing: Progress, Challenges, and Potential Applications

Fruit growing is important in the global agricultural economy, contributing significantly to food security, job creation, and rural development. With the advancement of technologies, mapping fruits using remote sensing and machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques has become an essential tool to optimize production, monitor crop health, and predict harvests with greater accuracy. This study was developed in four main stages. In the first stage, a comprehensive review of the existing literature was made from July 2018 (first article found) to June 2024, totaling 117 articles. In the second stage, a general analysis of the data obtained was made, such as the identification of the most studied fruits with the techniques of interest. In the third stage, a more in-depth analysis was made focusing on apples and grapes, with 27 and 30 articles, respectively. The analysis included the use of remote sensing (orbital and proximal) imagery and ML/DL algorithms to map crop areas, detect diseases, and monitor crop development, among other analyses. The fourth stage shows the data’s potential application in a Southern Brazilian region, known for apple and grape production. This study demonstrates how the integration of modern technologies can transform fruit farming, promoting more sustainable and efficient agriculture through remote sensing and artificial intelligence technologies.

Implementation Of Tourism Implementation Through The Development Of Tourism Villages In Fostering Independence And Empowerment Of The Creative Economy

This research aims to explore the implementation of tourism implementation through the development of tourism villages in fostering independence and empowerment of the creative economy. This study uses a qualitative approach carried out by taking information from successful tourism village communities in Cirebon Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The results of the study show that the development of tourism villages significantly contributes to the economic independence of local communities through skill improvement, job creation, and strengthening social networks. In addition, the empowerment of the creative economy in tourism villages encourages local product innovation and increases market competitiveness. This implementation is supported by the government, the community, and the private sector, as well as environmental sustainability as the main supporting factor. In conclusion, the development of tourism villages not only increases economic independence, but also strengthens a sustainable creative economy at the local level.

Exploring the prospects of services-led development for the Philippines

The growing importance of the services sector has prompted an examination of possible pathways to maximize its impact, particularly on the quality of economic growth. Some emphasize promoting job creation and exports in the sector, in addition to ensuring that the services requirements of the rest of the economy are met. Others argue that the potential for services-led development depends on being able to replicate the features of industrialization by leveraging trade, technology, training, and targeting. There are also proponents of more active strategies on the demand side of labor markets. This paper discusses the interrelated issues the country must address in pursuing economic transformation through services. Priority actions include boosting productivity, expanding services outside the National Capital Region, implementing structural reform, strengthening exports of digital services, accelerating digitalization, and increasing innovation. For the Philippines, harnessing services to achieve broad-based and inclusive growth should be the essence of services-led development.

Urban agriculture as an evolved sustainable urban livelihood: evidence from Kampala city, Uganda

BackgroundFor centuries, urban agriculture has been a vital livelihood strategy of urban households in developing countries. Previous studies looked at urban agriculture at a point in time as an urban livelihood for the urban poor that struggle with eking out a living, without the current dynamism, which attracts the non-poor into the practice. Having become an integral part of the urban economy, the study objective was to use poultry farming, to explore the role of urban agriculture as an evolved and dynamic urban livelihood that attracts the non-poor.MethodsThe study was conducted in Kampala, Uganda’s capital city. The unit of analysis were urban farming households. Data were collected through four (4) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), sixteen (16) key informants and twenty (20) In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected for a period of two (2) months using unstructured research instruments, triangulated and thematically analysed.ResultsOur results indicate that; urban agriculture is an evolving urban activity. This evolution and continuities were driven by the merits of urban agriculture (food, jobs and income) to urban dwellers. Urban agriculture also contributed to the economic inclusion of women and the urban poor. There was household resource logic in practicing urban agriculture, especially in the private sector, where jobs were scarce. In view of these innovations, the urban authorities were supporting urban farmers with demonstrations and certified inputs for farmers in Kampala and beyond. To further develop urban agriculture, it is recommended that farmers organize themselves into viable groups to further realize corporate advantages such as better resource access such as affordable financing, access to better inputs and linkages with various institutions and stakeholders in production, value addition, policy and marketing for better returns and sustainable farming practices.ConclusionsThese findings if used in perspective by planners and regional managers have utility for the anchoring of urban agriculture in the urbanisation agenda for Uganda and beyond. It is envisaged that, stakeholders can draw useful actions relating to sustainable urban food production (consumer food shed), waste management, incomes, job creation, training, research and innovations in urban areas.

Barriers to Implementing Lean Six Sigma in the Chemical Process Industry: The Case of Brazil

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is recognized as a powerful process improvement methodology for enhancing operational efficiency and long-term sustainability. This study examined the barriers hindering LSS implementation in the chemical process industry within an emerging economy, Brazil. It developed a structured methodology for designing mitigation measures to overcome those barriers. First, 26 barriers from the literature were ranked by LSS experts through a Delphi survey to select the top 15. Then, a combined interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach and impact matrix cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification (MICMAC) analysis approach was used, supported by a focus group, to determine the hierarchical relationships among the barriers and their driving power and dependence. Finally, a second focus group defined adequate mitigation measures. The top four main barriers are the lack of time, insufficient systemic understanding of lean principles, misalignment between LSS and corporate strategies, and inadequate top management commitment. Additionally, 10 mitigation measures are proposed. This study contributes to LSS implementation in the chemical process industry in Brazil, thus enhancing industry sustainability by improving operational efficiency, curbing waste, reducing transportation-related emissions through a decreasing reliance on imported chemical products, and contributing to economic growth and job creation within the industry.

Comparative Analysis of the Construction Industry in the EU and the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC): Its Impact on Economic Growth

The construction industry plays a pivotal role in propelling global economic growth. This research examines the economic contributions of the construction sectors in the European Union (EU) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. The EU's approach is characterised by a focus on sustainability-driven policies, including energy efficiency and circular economy practices. This is intended to foster economic resilience and alignment with international commitments such as the Paris Agreement. In contrast, the construction sector in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is driven by large-scale infrastructure projects and urbanisation, which are in turn fuelled by oil revenues. This emphasises the importance of diversification as a means of reducing economic volatility. By analysing regulatory frameworks, investment trends and technological innovations, the study demonstrates how the construction industry contributes to GDP growth, job creation and industrial development in both regions. Moreover, it investigates potential avenues for interregional collaboration, underscoring the capacity of sustainable construction practices and innovation to bolster economic stability and competitiveness within the global construction landscape. The study also highlights how circular economy principles can redefine sustainable construction practices, enhancing resource efficiency and promoting resilience.

Connectivity of Discretionary Status in State Administrative Court Lawsuit: Implications After Law Number 6 of 2023 on Amendments to the Job Creation PERPPU

This research aims to analyze the impact of regulatory changes on the handling of discretionary authority within the State Administrative Court (PTUN) in Indonesia. Specifically, it examines how the legal status of discretion as an object of dispute has evolved following the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2023, which amended the Job Creation Perppu. The study focuses on how this legislative reform affects the acceptance and settlement of lawsuits related to discretionary decisions by public officials, as well as the legal boundaries that define which discretionary actions can be challenged in court. Using a normative juridical approach and in particular, this research employs statutory analysis to evaluate relevant laws and regulations, case studies to analyze precedents in PTUN decisions, and a comparative approach to assess differences in discretionary oversight before and after the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2023. The findings show that Law No. 6 of 2023 enhances judicial oversight of discretionary actions by allowing challenges based on both procedural and substantive grounds. It sets clearer limits on discretionary authority, requiring decisions to meet standards of transparency, accountability, and public interest. This reform strengthens the PTUN's role in reviewing not only the legality but also the justification of administrative decisions, offering citizens greater protection against arbitrary discretion and promoting good governance. This research contributes to academic discourse on administrative law by offering specific insights into how Law No. 6 of 2023 impacts discretionary authority and PTUN supervision. It highlights that the law now requires discretionary acts to meet stricter standards, focusing on procedural transparency and substantive justification. For instance, public officials must ensure their decisions align with good governance principles, and PTUN now plays a stronger role in assessing the substance of these actions. This provides legal practitioners with clearer guidelines for handling disputes involving discretion, particularly regarding the balance between decision-making flexibility and citizen protection.

Analisis Kebutuhan Media Bimbingan Karier Kesiapan Kerja Di Era Digital Bagi Siswa SMK

Vocational High School (SMK) is a level of education that aims to prepare students to enter the world of work. However, data provided by Central Bureau of Statistics shows that SMK graduates are ranked first in the open unemployment rate in 2021 and 2022. This study aims to determine students’ needs for work readiness career guidance media, especially in the digital area. The research subjects were counseling teacher and grade XI students at SMKN 3 Makassar city. The type of research is the first step of the research and development (R&D) model of Borg and Gall. The research instruments used were interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that most students will look for work after graduation from SMK but there is no career guidance media about job readiness at school. The media needed is a digital based career guidance media with an attractive design

DETERMINING THE HUMAN CAPITAL PERFORMANCE OF LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES AND TÜRKİYE WITH CRITIC-BASED ARAS METHOD

The aim of this study is to determine the human capital performance of Latin American Countries and Türkiye using the CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) and ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) techniques. In the analysis, CRITIC-based ARAS method has been used. This method is a combination two methods. The CRITIC method has provided the objective weights of the criteria, and human capital performances and ranking of the countries are obtained by ARAS method. In order to evaluate the human capital stock of the countries the following criteria are utilized: the infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), unemployment rate (percentage of the total labor force), average life expectancy at birth, total (years), labor force participation rate (percentage of the total population aged 15-64), current health expenditure (percentage of GDP), internet users (percentage of the total population), and population aged 15-64 (percentage of the total population). The analysis covers the years of 2019, 2020 and 2021. According to the CRITIC method results, the infant mortality rate has been the least significant criterion for every year under study, whereas the unemployment rate is the most significant. The ARAS method suggests that in every year examined, Cuba has done the best in terms of human capital. Chile and Uruguay rank second and third, respectively, after Cuba. Throughout the years under study, Guinea has performed the worst, followed by Haiti. Venezuela in 2021 and Honduras in 2019 and 2020 rank third-worst. Among the 22 nations, Türkiye ranks 15th in 2019, 12th in 2020, and 13th in 2021.