Oryol Region Research Articles

Efficiency of using complex fertilizers for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and growing plants of buckwheat

The paper presents the results of three years of research on the use of various organic and mineral fertilizers for foliar feeding of Druzhina variety buckwheat in the Oryol region. It is noted that the use of complex organic and mineral fertilizers of LLC Polydon Agro: Alfastim, Polydon Boron, Polydon Potassium Plus, Polydon Bio, Polydon NP for pre-treatment of seeds and leaf fertilizing provides an increase in grain yield by 0.19-0.40 t/ha. The share of this factor influence was 12.8-16.9%, depending on weather conditions during the growing season. The positive effect of seed treatment with the biological stimulant Alfastim on buckwheat yield is shown: grain harvest from 1 ha of crops increased by 0.04-0.31 t/ha.It is established that foliar fertilization with organic fertilizers of LLC Polydon Agro is economically justified: with a small consumption (1.6-5.6 t/ha), additional grain collection provides income from 4.90 to 6.02 thousand rubles/ha.

Economic efficiency of bacterial fertilizers application on soybean in the Oryol region

The research was conducted at FSCLGC in 2015-2019. The responsiveness of new varieties to inoculation with a set of active nodule bacteria strains 634, 626, 640, 645, 650 was studied in comparison with the standard Lanceolate variety on dark gray forest medium loamy soil. The scheme of the experiment included options without inoculation and fertilization (control), with inoculation with the specified strains, as well as with the introduction of mineral nitrogen at a dose of 60 kg of a.s./ha. The experience is replicated four times. The area of plots is 10m2. Sowing was carried out with a SKS-6-10 seeder in a wide-row method (row spacing 45 cm) in the second decade of May. The seeding rate is 600 thousand germinating seeds. Both inoculation of seeds and application of mineral nitrogen at a dose of 60 kg per hectare caused an increase in soybean yield. Crop increases, depending on the year and variant, were 0.6-2.7 C/ha. The highest yield – 28.2 C/ha (on average for 2 years) formed the Leader-10 variety. The analysis of the economic efficiency of cultivation of various soybean varieties showed that the profitability of cultivation of the Leader-10 variety, which is characterized by a higher level of productivity, is significantly higher than other evaluated varieties. According to the strain factor, soybean cultivation using inoculants based on highly active nodule bacteria strains complementary to each variety is more cost-effective than using mineral nitrogen fertilizers.

Study of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Oryol region

Modern agriculture tends to reduce chemogenic loads on the environment and becomes more environmentally oriented. In this regard, increasing the yield of agricultural crops through the use of useful soil microflora is an urgent direction in research. In the field conditions of the Oryol region, the features of the formation and operation of symbiotic systems of 13 chickpea varieties under mono - and double inoculation with different strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Mesorhizobium ciceri and a soil-root mixture containing a mix of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus spp were studied. The use of microbiological drugs had a positive effect on the growth and development of most chickpea varieties, which contributed to a more intensive accumulation of green mass of plants, led to an increase in the duration of the growing season by 1…7 days compared to the control. At the same time, the plants exceeded the control by 0.5…23.4% in height. There was an increase in the weight of dry plants by 0.7…70.1%, the number of seeds per plant by 0.3…69.1%, the weight of seeds per plant by 0.6…71.4%, and the weight of 1000 seeds by 0.4…36.9%. It was found that the most powerful and active symbiotic apparatus in chickpeas is formed during the flowering period – the beginning of bean formation. The maximum number of nodules was formed in the Avatar variety in the variant with mono inoculation of Mesorhizobium ciceri strain 065 and in the Krasnokutsky 123 variety in the variant with Mesorhizobium ciceri strains 527 and 522. The highest values of nitrogenase activity (109.23…155.79 mg N2/plant h) were recorded in the varieties Avatar, Krasnokutsky 123 and Kostyuzhansky 27 in the variants with double inoculation.

Key directions for improving the efficiency of leguminous crops cultivation

Modern agricultural science pays more and more attention to methods of ecologization and biologization of agriculture, because these methods can be a solution to reduce the anthropogenic load on agricultural landscapes and allow getting environmentally friendly products. The cultivation of legumes itself is already a powerful factor of biologization, allowing to accumulate biological nitrogen in the soil, and the use of a complex of biological stimulants and microfertilizers is an important reserve for increasing the yield and quality of legumes. The paper is devoted to improving the economic efficiency of leguminous crops (for example, peas) by applying innovative approaches to the treatment of crops with biological growth stimulators. The objects of research are peas of the Estafeta and Spartak varieties zoned for the Oryol region, selected by the FSBSI FSC LGC. The following preparations of JSC “Shchelkovo Agrochim” were used for the scientific experiment: Scarlet fungicide mordant, Biostim Start amino acid biological stimulator, Biostim oil fertilizer with microelements, and Intermag Profi multicomponent microfertilizer. It was found that the use of biological preparations for pea vegetation in the 6-7 leaf phase in the future has a positive effect on the equalization of crops by 40-54%, depending on the variant and variety; promotes the stimulation of nodule formation in experimental variants; increases the biological yield and quality indicators of the obtained pea seeds. The cost estimation of additional costs for biologization of the production process is given, as well as the economic feasibility of developing such innovations on the example of peas. The work was carried out within the framework of the research topic: “Creation of new genotypes of grain legumes with high productivity, grain quality, increased resistance to the most dangerous diseases and abiotic factors” (No 0636-2019-000 9).

The yield of new varieties of lentil Lens culinaris Medik

During 2014 – 2019, in the conditions of the Oryol region, the study of yield indicators and protein content in grain in four varieties of lentils created by various methods was carried out. Rauza and Aida were obtained by classical breeding methods. When creating the Vostochnaya variety, the wildlife species L. orientalis was used, and the Flamenco variety - L. tomentosus. the Flamenco variety had the best yield, with an average yield of 2.27 t/ha over 6 years. The lowest yield of 1.84 t/ha was shown by the Rauza variety. Aida and Vostochnaya with yields of 2.04 and 1.93 t/ha, took an intermediate position. The coefficient of yield regression on the index of environmental conditions in all varieties is close to 1, and deviations from the regression line are insignificant, which indicates their stability. The protein content varied over the years, and the maximum accumulation of protein in the grain was observed in years with low yields. Differences in varieties are less expressed. The average protein content of the Rauza variety was 26.6%, Aida – 26.7%, Vostochnaya – 26.8%, Flamenco - 27.3%. A new variety of Flamenco lentils, with high yield and protein content, remained stable with a regression coefficient for environmental conditions equal to 1. The use of germ plasma of wildlife relatives in breeding new varieties did not affect negatively their response to environmental conditions and the ability to accumulate high protein content in the grain.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Technogenesis on Genetic Features, Composition and Properties of Light Gray Forest Soils

The paper presents an environmental impact assessment of technogenesis (waste slag from metallurgical production) on the genetic characteristics of light gray forest soils. To study the degree of technogenic impact of the slag dump on the degradation changes in the morphological characteristics and composition of light gray forest soils in the area of action of the slag dump of fines of aluminum casting on the example of a slag dump in the village of Bolshoye Dumchino, Mtsensk district of the Oryol region, field and laboratory studies of soil samples taken at different distances from the slag dump - 20 m, 150 m, 300 m, 450 m. The soil cover of the territory in the area of the slag dump is represented by light gray forest soils, which are characterized by the following typical diagnostic horizons with characteristic morphological features at different distances from the dump. This research aims to establish the degree of anthropogenic transformation of light gray forest soils of agricultural areas, disturbed by the technogenic impact of metallurgical waste. The tasks were solved, as a result of which the influence of the slag dump on the typical diagnostic features of the genetic horizons of light gray forest soils was established. The nature of the change in the aggregate and granulometric composition in the profile of light gray forest soils in the area of influence of the slag dump was studied. An assessment of the degree of degradation changes in the physicochemical properties of light gray forest soils at different distances from the pollution source is given.

Sexual Stimulation of Sows as One of the Factors of Increasing the Provision with Pork the Population of the Russian Federation

Today the development of pig breeding is one of the most perspective lines in animal husbandry, capable of providing the population with high-quality and affordable agricultural products. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of pig breeding is increasing the productivity of animals. The increasing of animals’ productivity is possible only with using of deep knowledge of the relationship between organism and the environment. New reproduction technologies, keeping and hog growing are inevitably accompanied by industrial stresses, which create the preconditions for a weakening of the overall condition of the body and decrease in hormonal status, which leads to a violation of the ovulatory response of the ovaries, a lessening conception rate and sows birth rate, to lengthening of the pork production cycle, and to decreasing in the profitability of the industry. The article describes the results of studies carried out in the conditions of LLC "Znamensky SGC" of the Oryol region, on the study of the hormonal status of sows, diagnosed with ovarian hypofunction and a method of its correction for the formation of full sexual cycle.

Сlinical and epidemiological analysis of cases of enterovirus infection in the oryol region in adults

Objectives – to identify the clinical and epidemiological features of enterovirus infection in the adult population in the Oryol region, to track the seasonality of the disease, distribution in different age groups, and to assess the main clinical forms, symptoms, and complications.Objects and methods of research. The object of investigation was 24 medical histories of patients who gave informed consent, with a confirmed diagnosis of “enterovirus infection”, the 2 nd infectious diseases Department of Department of Oryol region “City hospital. S.P. Botkin”.Results. For the period from 2009 to 2019 was gospitalizirovany 24 patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis “enterovirus infection”. The most patients with this diagnosis were in 2017 – 33,5 %, the least – in 2012 – 4,1 %. In 2013 and 2019, there were no patients. Women were sick more often than men – 55 % of the total number of subjects. After analyzing statistical data, it was found that young people (aged 20–29 years) were sick more often – 58,3 %. There is a summer-autumn seasonality: 45,8 % and 54,2 %, respectively. 37,5 % of the subjects were in contact with infectious SARS patients. 37,5 % also left the Oryol region the day before.Most often, enterovirus exanthema was observed in patients – 58,3 %.. The onset of the disease in 100 % of cases was acute. All patients had fever, most often subfebrile – 54,2 %. The studied patients complained of body aches – 100 %, headaches of various localization and intensity – 96 %, sore throat – 12,5 %, vesicular-papular rash on the skin of the trunk, limbs, and head – 58,3 %, and enanthema on the oropharyngeal mucosa – 12,5 %. In 100 % of cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by a positive polymerase chain reaction response to the presence of enterovirus RNA.Conclusion. The study revealed that over the past 10 years, enterovirus infection in the Oryol region has a consistently low level. It is more common in young people. The disease is characterized by summer and autumn seasonality. In this area, the more common form is enterovirus exanthema.

Development of solo folk singing performance in the Oryol region in the second half of the twentieth century

Development of solo folk singing performance in the Oryol region in the second half of the twentieth century

Influence of mineral fertilizers on potash nutrition and productivity of columnar apple

The columnar form of apple tree is promising for growing in super-intensive orchards. The mineral nutrition study of apple tree with columnar crown is relevant due to high density of tree planting. The article presents the study results on the effect of mineral fertilizers on potash nutrition and the yield of columnar apple tree. The experiments were carried out in an experimental orchard located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Oryol region). The soil of the orchard is loamy haplic Luvisol with a high content of organic matter. Fruit plantations are represented by columnar apple trees of Poezia variety on 62-396 rootstock planted in 2016. Urea ((NH2)2CO) and potassium sulfate (K2 SO4) were used as fertilizers in doses of N60K80; N90K120; N120K160 which were introduced in early spring. The content of exchange potassium in the soil was determined annually in layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm), the concentration of potassium in leaves and fruits, yield. The use of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the exchange potassium content in the soil both in the 0-20 cm layer (45 - 53%) and in the 20-40 cm layer (18-31%). The amount of potassium in leaves and fruits also increased. However, potassium concentration in the leaves (0.77 … 0.95% dry matter) remained significantly below the optimum (1.5% dry matter). A significant increase in the average fruit weight was revealed in options N90K120 and N120K160.

Technological aspects of increasing consumer properties and biological value of cattle meat

The importance of the study is in the development of canned beef with increased biological value. The plant complex “spirulina-flax” was used for the modernization of canned meat. A corresponding goal and objectives of research on the study of new canned meat, the development of recipes, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility were formulated. Development of new canned foods was carried out in the laboratories of N.V. Parakhin Oryol State Agrarian University and “Oryolproduct” of Mtsensk district, Oryol region. Four samples of canned beef were produced in laboratory conditions. Three of them contained different amounts of spirulina-flax complex. Canned beef “Stewed meat” per GOST 32125-2013 was taken as a control. Additional vegetable raw materials can increase the biological value of canned meat due to vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, while maintaining the requirements of GOST. The added plant complex enriches the product with biologically valuable components of plant origin, with a slight increase in the energy value. Based on the data, it is possible to recommend enterprises to use the obtained composition for the production of canned food with an increased biological value. And also based on the obtained results, it is possible to develop new recipe compositions in the conditions of the enterprise.

Calcium in the “soil-plant” system of apple orchard when using nitrogen and potash fertilizers

The experiment was carried out to study the relationship between the soil calcium conditions and the content of this element in fruit and leaves of apple trees at ground fertilization with nitrogen and potassium. The experimental orchard is located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Oryol region). The soil of the orchard is Loamy haplic luvisol with a slightly acidic reaction and a high content of organic matter. Fruit plantations are represented by apple trees of ‘Sinap orlovsky’ variety on rootstock 54-118 planted in 2013. Ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride were used as soil fertilizers and applied early in spring at doses of N30K40, N60K80 and N90K120. Annually from 2016 to 2019, the content of exchangeable and water-soluble Ca compounds in the orchard soil and the total element content in leaves and fruits were determined. With the annual application of nitrogen and potash fertilizers the changes in the conditions of apple tree calcium nutrition occured already in the first years after treatments. The changes lay in increasing the calcium mobility and subsequent decrease in the element’s concentration in the root zone. At the same time, there was an annual decrease in the calcium status of fruits. The Ca content in fruits was positively correlated with the content in the soil of exchange (r = 0.43; P<0.05) and water-soluble (r = 0.51; P<0.01) forms of the element. There was no statistically significant relationship between the studied soil calcium forms and element content in apple leaves.

The influence of biofungicide and chemical fungicides on the manifestation of diseases and the yield of soybeans

This study aims to improve the technology for protecting soybeans from fungal diseases based on new fungicides. The relevance of research is specified by a significant increase in the area occupied by soybeans and the need to protect crops from diseases. The experimental site is located in the territory of Oryol State Agrarian University (Lavrovo village of Oryol Region, Russia). The crop rotation is grain-fallow, the predecessor is winter wheat. The soil type is dark gray forest medium loamy. Soil acidity is 5.7. It has the following content of macronutrients: 11.5 mg/100 g of soil for P2O5, 10.9 mg/100 g of soil for K2O, 4.1% for humus. The Mezenka soybean was used, seeds of the 1st reproduction. Planting was carried out in the first decades of May 2019 and 2020. We used the Maksim, KS protectant (Fludioxonil, 25 g/l). Fungicides Propuls, SE (Prothioconazole, 125 g/l, Fluopyram, 125 g/l), Vintazh, ME (Difenoconazole, 65 g/l, Flutriafol, 25 g/l) and biofungicide Vitaplan, SP (Bacillus subtilis strain VKM-V-2604D, titer 1010 CFU/g and Bacillus subtilis strain VKM-B-2605D, titer 1010 CFU/g) were used to treat plants at the end of June in the branching phase and again two weeks later in July in the budding phase. The treatment of soybean seeds with the fungicide Maksim, KS helped to protect the crop from fungal diseases until the first ten days of July. Two-fold treatment of crops with biofungicide Vitaplan and chemical fungicides Propuls and Vintazh had a significant impact on the prevalence and development of fungal diseases. The biological effectiveness of chemical fungicides in comparison with biological was higher in the phase of complete formation of beans - the beginning of ripening by 9 and 15%, respectively. In comparison with the control, the increase in the yield of soybeans was 10.4% using Vitaplan, 16.4% using Propuls, 17.9% using Vintazh.

Аграрная миграция крестьянства губерний Центральной России в конце XIX - начале ХХ века по документам Государственного архива Орловской области

The article analyses archival materials from the State Archive of the Oryol Region on agrarian migration of the peasantry in the late 19th – early 20th century. Migration processes are an integral part of demographic behavior of the society. The Oryol peasantry, which preserved some features of traditional society just stepping onto the path of modernization of its socio-economic relations, was drawn into agrarian migration policy of the country in the period under review. It is the insufficient knowledge of causes and process of the peasantry migration outside the boundaries of Central Russia that makes the study significant. Its territorial frameworks coincide with administrative borders of the Oryol gubernia in the late 19th – early 20th century. The study is to review the complex of archival materials as a main source on re-settlement of Russian rural population in the late-imperial period and to introduce it into scientific use. The article presents office documentation in form of reports, reports, circular letters. Of greatest value are reports of the organizers of the resettlement movement, descriptions of natural and geographical conditions in the resettlement regions, of emotional distress of the participants. The study of the regions of departure and those of resettlement allows the author to identify the causes of resettlement and backtracking. The information potential of archival sources permits the conclusion that migration process was not just mechanical movement of the population, but a social-demographic phenomenon that stemmed from on social and economic problems of Central Russia development. Complex study of archival materials has been conducted via traditional scientific methods (systems analysis, structural approach, retrospective approach, etc.) and new ones (civilization approach and theory of agrarian society modernization arising from it). One of the most important results of studying archival documents on migration of the population of the Oryol gubernia in the studied period is the discovery of information potential of metric books concerning resettlement and return migration. This feature of metric books is being described in the scholarship for the first time. Introduction into scientific use of the mass record keeping documents on migration from individual settlements allows us to look at this important historical and demographic process in a new way.

ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ МАЛЫХ ФОРМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

Subject. Investment activity of subjects of regional agribusiness. Topic. Investment support for small businesses in the agro-industrial complex. Purpose. Development of a mechanism for managing investment activities of small businesses in the agro-industrial complex and substantiation of practical proposals for attracting investments in the development of the farming sector based on an assessment of their competitiveness. Methodology. During the research, traditional research methods were used: economic and mathematical, statistical analysis, monographic, computational and constructive, graphic, systemic and comparative analytical. Results. The theoretical understanding of the essence of «investment management» has been clarified in relation to small forms of management in the agro-industrial complex, the economic toolkit for attracting investment resources to the agricultural sector has been determined. The authors have developed a step-by-step mechanism for managing investment activities, taking into account the factor characteristics of agricultural production. Measures are proposed for the selection of peasant (farmer) households for the provision of state support, taking into account the assessment of their competitiveness in the agricultural market using the method of cluster analysis and taking into account the strategic priorities of the region. Application area. The results of the work can be used by regional authorities in the development of investment policy in relation to small forms of agribusiness. Conclusions. Management of investment activities of small businesses is interpreted as a set of management decisions to determine the source of investments, optimize their composition and purpose of use, with the subsequent accumulation of financial resources while reducing the cost of production. On the basis of the method of classification of multidimensional observations in order to determine the similarity or proximity between objects, indicators have been established that characterize the financial and economic activities of peasant (farmer) enterprises in the municipal districts of the Oryol region. Four clusters of peasant (farmer) households have been identified. It is advisable to use the results of cluster analysis as part of the selection procedure for peasant (farmer) households to participate in a competition for a grant from regional or federal government bodies. Keywords: small forms of economy, management, agricultural economy, investments, peasant (farm) farms, state, agriculture, financial resources, competitiveness, cluster.

Retrospective analysis of the radiation situation in the territory of the Oryol region

The article considers the radiation situation in the Oryol region 33 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Since 1998, certification has made it possible to assess the main indicators of the radiation situation in the region and conduct a comparative analysis, evaluate the doses of the population from all the main sources and the effects of the radiation factor on public health, and determine the most significant directions for reducing the doses of the population. The contribution of man-made sources to the collective dose to the population of the Oryol region in 2017 was 0.73% according to radiation-hygienic certification, which is 3 times higher than in Russia (0.24%). This is primarily due to radioactive contamination of a part of the region after the Chernobyl accident. The Oryol region is one of fourteen oblasts of the Russian Federation affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. As a result of this disaster, 22 out of 24 districts of the Oryol Oblast (about 40% of the oblast’s territory) were exposed to radioactive contamination to one degree or another. Differences in precipitation led to the formation of extremely spotted pollution in the Oryol region. 1243 people from the Oryol region took part in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident. 43% of them became disabled 1, 2 and 3 groups, 115 people (9%) died within 14 years after these events. In the Oryol region, the radiation environment remains stable. The radiation background is between 0.12 and 0.19iSv/h, which corresponds to the values characteristic of the Oryol region before the Chernobyl accident. Comparison of radiation doses due to additional radiation for the 1st and 33rd years after the accident showed a 51-fold decrease due to the physical decay of long-lived radioisotopes and short-lived radionuclides, as well as their burial in the soil.

Differentiation of the quality of life in the regional space

The quality of life depends on the place in the social structure. Social groups have different opportunities for meeting needs and achieving goals. Positions of different social groups in the subjects of the Russian Federation differ, which can significantly influence social well-being and protest moods; therefore, the study of the quality of life in the regional space is important in both theoretical and practical perspectives. The article aims at considering differentiation of the quality of life in the regional space and identifying the most vulnerable social groups. The authors study the quality of life with the multidimensional hierarchical approach based on a complex of interrelated objective and subjective criteria. This methodology was tested in the empirical study of the quality of life in the Oryol Region. The study used the following set of indicators of the quality of life: subjective assessments of the most significant forms of deprivation; movable and immovable property; housing and the quality of living conditions; savings; access to paid social services; professional position, possibilities of professional self-realization; political activity and political culture; leisure preferences and opportunities that entail additional spending; self-identification in different spheres of life. This set of indicators allowed to describe positions of social groups and their regional differentiation: social groups that make up the regional population, their positions in the stratification system, their quantitative and qualitative characteristics were identified. The authors also identified the most vulnerable groups affected by social tensions and showed that the growth of social inequality can lead to an increase in the protest and destructive behavior.

ОХРАНЯЕМЫЕ ВИДЫ СОСУДИСТЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПАРКА «ОРЛОВСКОЕ ПОЛЕСЬЕ»: НА ПУТИ К НОВОМУ ИЗДАНИЮ КРАСНОЙ КНИГИ ОРЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article provides information on the distribution of vascular plant species included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (Krasnaia…, 2008) on the territory of the National Park «Orlovskoe Polesye» (Oryol Region, Russia) and a list of flora objects included in the Red Data Book of the Oryol Region and excluded from it (Perechen’…, 2020), on the basis of which a new edition of the regional Red Data Book is being prepared. The list of species is compiled in alphabetical order based on the author’s personal observations on the territory of the national park, analysis of available literature and herbarium collections. For each species, information on the occurrence and locations in the Park and the Oryol Region is indicated.

Prospects for the use of intensive rootstock for cultivation of pear cultivars in the conditions of Central Russia

Relevance. Unfortunately, there are no intensive pear plantations in the central regions of Russia due to the absence of intensive dwarf rootstocks. Therefore, the research aimed at obtaining winter-hardy rootstocks that provides early industrial fruiting of gardens, limits plant growth and gives a quick return on investment, is very important and can be applied in many different ways.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the laboratory of selection and variety study of pears and non-traditional pome crops of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (FSBSI VNIISPK). The object of the research was the common quince selected by FSBSI VNIISPK. In 2008-2010 and 2012-2014 we studied the economic and biological characteristics of the common quince as clonal pear rootstocks when propagated by green cuttings.Results. The research results show high winter hardiness of the common quince plants in Oryol region, as well as their high regenerative capacity in case of damage caused by adverse winter conditions. It was determined that some types of common quince can be reproduced by green cuttings and provide a high yield of uniform planting material. The common quince has a high seed productivity that allows to get seedling rootstocks of high quality. Some pear cultivars demonstrate a good compatibility with the common quince, moderate growth and high early maturity in comparison with the pear rootstock; there are also preliminary data on compatibility of 11 pear cultivars in a nursery, and 4 cultivars that are incompatible with the common quince.

Assessment of the plantings in small towns of the Oryol region

The article presents the results of total plantations inventory in small towns of the Oryol region. The article studies 41 species of trees and 15 species of shrubs growing in small towns of the Oryol region. The inventory revealed a stability of 120,605 woody plants in town. The diagnosis of the vital state of trees and shrubs presents that the urban tree plantings are weakened. Based on the data obtained there are recommendations proposed for the conservation and reconstruction of tree stands, the expansion of the main assortment of tree species.