Key directions for improving the efficiency of leguminous crops cultivation

Abstract

Modern agricultural science pays more and more attention to methods of ecologization and biologization of agriculture, because these methods can be a solution to reduce the anthropogenic load on agricultural landscapes and allow getting environmentally friendly products. The cultivation of legumes itself is already a powerful factor of biologization, allowing to accumulate biological nitrogen in the soil, and the use of a complex of biological stimulants and microfertilizers is an important reserve for increasing the yield and quality of legumes. The paper is devoted to improving the economic efficiency of leguminous crops (for example, peas) by applying innovative approaches to the treatment of crops with biological growth stimulators. The objects of research are peas of the Estafeta and Spartak varieties zoned for the Oryol region, selected by the FSBSI FSC LGC. The following preparations of JSC “Shchelkovo Agrochim” were used for the scientific experiment: Scarlet fungicide mordant, Biostim Start amino acid biological stimulator, Biostim oil fertilizer with microelements, and Intermag Profi multicomponent microfertilizer. It was found that the use of biological preparations for pea vegetation in the 6-7 leaf phase in the future has a positive effect on the equalization of crops by 40-54%, depending on the variant and variety; promotes the stimulation of nodule formation in experimental variants; increases the biological yield and quality indicators of the obtained pea seeds. The cost estimation of additional costs for biologization of the production process is given, as well as the economic feasibility of developing such innovations on the example of peas. The work was carried out within the framework of the research topic: “Creation of new genotypes of grain legumes with high productivity, grain quality, increased resistance to the most dangerous diseases and abiotic factors” (No 0636-2019-000 9).