Study of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Oryol region

Abstract

Modern agriculture tends to reduce chemogenic loads on the environment and becomes more environmentally oriented. In this regard, increasing the yield of agricultural crops through the use of useful soil microflora is an urgent direction in research. In the field conditions of the Oryol region, the features of the formation and operation of symbiotic systems of 13 chickpea varieties under mono - and double inoculation with different strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Mesorhizobium ciceri and a soil-root mixture containing a mix of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus spp were studied. The use of microbiological drugs had a positive effect on the growth and development of most chickpea varieties, which contributed to a more intensive accumulation of green mass of plants, led to an increase in the duration of the growing season by 1…7 days compared to the control. At the same time, the plants exceeded the control by 0.5…23.4% in height. There was an increase in the weight of dry plants by 0.7…70.1%, the number of seeds per plant by 0.3…69.1%, the weight of seeds per plant by 0.6…71.4%, and the weight of 1000 seeds by 0.4…36.9%. It was found that the most powerful and active symbiotic apparatus in chickpeas is formed during the flowering period – the beginning of bean formation. The maximum number of nodules was formed in the Avatar variety in the variant with mono inoculation of Mesorhizobium ciceri strain 065 and in the Krasnokutsky 123 variety in the variant with Mesorhizobium ciceri strains 527 and 522. The highest values of nitrogenase activity (109.23…155.79 mg N2/plant h) were recorded in the varieties Avatar, Krasnokutsky 123 and Kostyuzhansky 27 in the variants with double inoculation.