Organizational Influences Research Articles

AnnoSpat annotates cell types and quantifies cellular arrangements from spatial proteomics

Cellular composition and anatomical organization influence normal and aberrant organ functions. Emerging spatial single-cell proteomic assays such as Image Mass Cytometry (IMC) and Co-Detection by Indexing (CODEX) have facilitated the study of cellular composition and organization by enabling high-throughput measurement of cells and their localization directly in intact tissues. However, annotation of cell types and quantification of their relative localization in tissues remain challenging. To address these unmet needs for atlas-scale datasets like Human Pancreas Analysis Program (HPAP), we develop AnnoSpat (Annotator and Spatial Pattern Finder) that uses neural network and point process algorithms to automatically identify cell types and quantify cell-cell proximity relationships. Our study of data from IMC and CODEX shows the higher performance of AnnoSpat in rapid and accurate annotation of cell types compared to alternative approaches. Moreover, the application of AnnoSpat to type 1 diabetic, non-diabetic autoantibody-positive, and non-diabetic organ donor cohorts recapitulates known islet pathobiology and shows differential dynamics of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cell abundance and CD8+ T cells infiltration in islets during type 1 diabetes progression.

HOW ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AFFECTS THE JOB SATISFACTION

Employee job satisfaction is crucial for organizational success and productivity. The organizational climate, comprising factors such as leadership styles, communication patterns, and organizational culture, plays a significant role in shaping employee perceptions and experiences within the workplace. This thesis explores the relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction, aiming to provide insights into how organizational factors impact employee satisfaction levels. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical research, this study examines the various dimensions of organizational climate and their influence on job satisfaction. The research methodology involves surveys and interviews conducted within diverse organizational settings to gather data on employees' perceptions of the organizational climate and their levels of job satisfaction. The findings reveal a strong correlation between positive organizational climates characterized by open communication, supportive leadership, opportunities for growth and development, and high levels of job satisfaction among employees. Conversely, negative organizational climates marked by ineffective communication, autocratic leadership, and a lack of recognition and reward systems are associated with lower levels of job satisfaction and increased turnover rates. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the mediating role of factors such as employee engagement, organizational commitment, and perceived fairness in the relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction. Understanding these underlying mechanisms can provide organizations with actionable insights to enhance employee satisfaction and foster a positive work environment. Organizational climate plays a pivotal role in shaping employees' perceptions, attitudes, and overall job satisfaction within an organization. This master's thesis aims to delve into the intricate relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction, focusing on understanding how various dimensions of organizational climate influence employees' satisfaction levels. The research methodology employed in this study involves a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data.

Pengaruh Fungsi Manajemen Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai RSUD Lamaddukkelleng Kabupaten Wajo

This research aims to examine the influence of management functions, job satisfaction on the performance of employees at Lamaddukkelleng Hospital, Wajo Regency, as many as 125 people using the correlation analysis method and t test. This research found that there is a positive and significant influence of management functions and job satisfaction. The greatest correlation occurs between employee performance and management function at 0.834, while employee performance and job satisfaction also have a positive correlation at 0.702, This means that the management function and job satisfaction in the organization influence employee life behavior, attitudes, actions and thinking which leads to increased performance.

British Society in the reflection of the press: fascist sentiments among the World War I veterans in the 1930s

Importance. The topic of the threat of fascist ideas and movements at the present stage is increasingly being brought up in the framework of public and scientific discussions. The coverage of this problem of the history of Great Britain in the 1930s is connected with the need to study the development of the features of fascism in society and in the society of veterans of the World War I. The novelty of the work is to consider the strengthening of the right-wing sentiments of part of the community of British war veterans in the 1930s, while fascism in Great Britain has been studied most widely by historical science in relation to political organizations and parties. Revealing the connection of veterans with the fascist movement will reveal the essence of the state ideology and the contradiction in public sentiment.Materials and Methods. Within the framework of a historical and systematic approach, the Fascist movement in Great Britain was considered as one of the features of the development of public sentiment. The problem of fascization of British society was the duality of political attitudes. On the one hand, representatives of British fascism were marginals, and on the other, prominent figures of the largest veterans’ organization, the British Legion, were the exponents of the ideas of fascism. Using the prosopographic method, the social and political activities of the World War I veterans were investigated.Results and Discussion. Based on the analysis of the development of Great Britain in the 1930s, the specifics of public sentiment are described. The veteran movement in the country adhered to various ideologies. By the mid-1930s, opinions arose among veteran leaders about the possibility of uniting with the fascists. During this period, the veterans of the World War I themselves, with the assistance of politicians and the aristocracy, as well as the support of capitalist circles, created right-wing radical organizations that openly adopted nationalist, anti-Semitic, and racist positions. The possibility of veterans coming under the influence of fascist organizations actually existed, given the numerous contacts and joint activities both within the UK itself and with foreign organizations and politicians (in particular, with the leaders of the Third Reich and Italy).Conclusion. Prominent figures of the veteran movement (in particular, the British Legion) are responsible for the development of fascism in the UK and have contributed to the policy of appeasing the aggressor. Their activities in the process of unleashing the World War II were derived from the prevailing socio-economic system. In the 1930s, veterans and their leaders became instruments and sometimes representatives of the interests of competing groups of the economically dominant class in Great Britain. Dissatisfaction with the policies of the British governments and the rise of fascist sentiment was reflected in social protest and criticism in the press.

Arctic Dimensions of Jurisdiction and Raw Material Sovereignty: Problems of National Legal Systems Interaction

The paper is devoted to the legal regulation of economic activity in the Arctic. It is shown how rulemaking is designed to consolidate the maximum rights to use natural resources. Differentiation of approaches and the use of completely different methods of measuring them are inevitable then. One of them is the interpretation of such a category as sovereignty. It is considered to what extent it meets the constitutive criteria of jurisdiction, the choice in favor of one or another domestic legal system. The relativity of the recognition of conflict-of-laws principles of field availability is noted. The right to develop mineral resources is associated with jurisdictional activities in accordance with acts of national legislation, as well as with the fullness of legal norms — the obvious universalization of jurisdictions. At the same time, quantitative indicators of sovereignty, if possible, can be established only in relation to the degree of influence of interstate organizations. The legal systems of the Arctic countries then minimize the risks of implementing the decisions taken. In this plane, they draw the desired watershed. Qualitative signs of sovereignty are much more important. This is a visible ability to remain a subject of international relations against the background of current crises, but also an explicit delimitation of jurisdictions first for international law enforcement institutions. Subsequently, it affects national civil rights protection systems.

Based on the Molecular Mechanism of CiteSpace Sanqi Total Saponin and the Prevention and Treatment of Renal Fibrosis, Hot Spot Visualization Analysis

This study aims to study the current situation, hot spots and development trends of Sanqi total saponins in the prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis through a visual map, in order to provide a direction and trend for the research of traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis. Method: By using CiteSpace visualization software, the relevant literature on the use of Sanqi total saponins in the CNKI database for the treatment of renal fibrosis was visually analyzed, including posting trends, authors, institutions and keywords, and the corresponding knowledge map was generated. Results: From 2005 to 2022, a total of 1,533 documents were included in the research results. From 2008 to 2017, an average of 99 articles were published every year, accounting for 67.5% of the total number of articles published. Among them, the number of articles published in 2010 and 2013 reached 114, the highest in previous years. At the same time, Yang Min is the author who has published the most articles, with a total of 29 papers. Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the main research institution in this field. Through cluster analysis of research hotspots, ten clusters were obtained, including rats, left ventricular reconstruction, oxidative stress, drug interaction, astragaloside, apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinase-9,oleoside, lipopolysaccharide, atherosclerosis, etc. Future research focuses include oxidative stress, autophagy process, Sanqi total saponins, inflammatory response, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and pharmacokinetics. Conclusion: The knowledge map reveals the research status and research hotspots of Sanqi total saponins in the prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis, including oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, which will become the focus of research on the prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis in traditional Chinese medicine in the future. However, the collaboration between research authors and scientific research institutions lacks closeness, lacks core authors, and has not yet formed an influential research organization. The depth and breadth of research need to be further enhanced.

Assessment of level of Burnout among Health Professionals in Lahore, Pakistan

Objectives: The prime objective of this study is to access the level of burnout among healthcare professionals using BAT tool. Also, the association of job satisfaction and workload factors is tested with burnout. Study Design and setting: A cross-sectional multi-centered study in Lahore during the month of August 2022 to Jan 2023. The data was collected from healthcare professionals in three tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Methodology: The data was collected from clinicians and staff nurses. The required sample size was calculated as 172. Data was collected using Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) proposed by Schaufeli (2020). BAT was initially proposed with 33 items. BAT-S was the proposed 33-item version with four core dimensions and two secondary dimensions. The average score for each dimension was calculated and interpreted as given by Schaufeli in user manual for BAT-S. Results: Exhaustion was high among 55.8% of the participants. Mental distance was high among 34.3% of the participants whereas it was normal among 46.5%. Nearly 90% of the participants were satisfied from their jobs, committed to their jobs and accept responsibilities. Job satisfaction was significantly associated with burnout level. Lack of organizational influence and poor internal communication were statistically significantly related with level of burnout. Conclusion: The study was conducted to highlight the level of burnout among healthcare professionals. We found that very high level of burnout was observed in cognitive impairment followed by emotional impairment. The average level of burnout was more common among participants with job satisfaction and good internal communication.

‘Beneficiary-Ownership’? Redemptive Knowledge and Policy-Making on Migration in West Africa

ABSTRACT West Africa sees major activity in the development of migration policies, promoted by international organisations, funded by governments mainly of Europe. Policy development is couched in terms of ‘beneficiary-ownership’, stressing the participation of West African governments. This is problematised as playing down the influence of European and international organisations. We argue that policy-making on migration in West Africa is better understood through the lens of ‘subjectional diplomacy’, a one-sided yet complex relationship between national and international actors that consolidates particular discourses of the ‘problem’ of migration. We find interview and documentary evidence from NGOs and governmental actors across Senegal, The Gambia and Guinea as well as ECOWAS Headquarters and international governmental organisations in Abuja that the logic of beneficiary-ownership is not symmetric. We show how the IOM holds ‘redemptive’ knowledge that turns the civilising mission of old into a professionalising mission embedding neo-colonial relations.

Middle power plays: How and when Mach middle managers use downward abuse and upward guanxi to gain and maintain power

SummaryGiven Machiavellianism's strong historical and theoretical roots in power and politics, there are surprisingly few empirical studies, if any, that directly examine how Machiavellians attain and maintain power in organizations. Understanding this is important because Machiavellian employees have managed to effectively gain power to reach managerial positions of influence in organizations despite their negative reputation. Further, there are contradictory theories and peripheral empirical findings that suggest they gain power either by strategically forging important connections or through coercive force. We propose that a Mach middle manager perspective can help illuminate which power‐gaining strategy is used. Drawing from the Machiavellianism literature and power dependence theory, we theorize how Mach middle managers gain coercive power through abusive supervision on those with less power (their subordinates), while building close guanxi with those with more power (their senior manager) to obtain relational empowerment. Moreover, we theorize that they maintain power by increasing both power‐gaining strategies when Mach middle managers perceive a high threat to hierarchy from subordinates, suggesting these parallel relations are positively connected. We found support for our theoretical model using data from a multi‐confederate experimental lab study and two multi‐wave field studies. The theoretical and empirical implications of our findings are discussed.

Transforming Global Aid: An Analysis of the Evolution of International Development Assistance Policies and the Optimisation of Strategies During the 2000-2030’s

The sphere of international development assistance (IDA) is undergoing significant changes, primarily due to the economic rise of the countries of the Global South. At the same time, the importance of IDA as an area of interstate cooperation remains high, as evidenced by the priority attention to this area on the part of the UN and other influential international organisations. In this regard, from the standpoint of historical and sociological institutionalism, we have analysed the cause-and-effect relations that condition the current problems of IDA and proposed ways of solving these problems. Using the aforementioned theoretical approaches, the gap between the conceptual and practical development of international aid was identified, including how donors impose the development track and the concept of IDA itself on recipients. It is shown how, including as a result of “institutional layering” in the relevant organisations, the interaction between “new” and “traditional donors” is significantly impeded, and how the latter use historically developed structures to pursue their state interests against the background of objectively falling volumes of aid from their side to the countries in need. It was noted that in order to resolve the identified contradictions, it is necessary to start a discussion in the academic and professional community, based on inclusiveness and respect for cultural diversity, on the individual development trajectory for each society, the tasks of IDA and the forms of appropriate interaction in each case. It is important to encourage openness and independent criticism in order to objectively highlight the benefits to both recipients and donors of engaging in IDA activities. Efforts should continue to develop an integrated approach for more accurate and consistent monitoring that communicates results to the general public.

Educational Activity of the Open Opera Ukraine Independent Platform: New Forms of Cooperation with Ukrainian Society

The article examines the educational activities of the Open Opera Ukraine independent platform in terms of new forms of cooperation between artistic organizations and Ukrainian society. Although, before the establishment of Open Opera Ukraine, there were projects that popularized historically informed (authentic) performance in Ukraine, this organization was the first to initiate systematic work in this direction, namely the creation of opera performances, thematic concerts and master classes, the establishment of an amateur choir and a professional baroque orchestra, recording albums of Ukrainian choral heritage, etc. The distinctive feature of the Open Opera Ukraine platform is its openness in the media space and its attempts to involve people from different professional and social groups in its projects. The popularization of early art contributes to a better understanding of it and diversifies the Ukrainian academic music environment. The aim of the article is to identify the strategies and mechanisms of influence of artistic organizations on social transformations using the example of Open Opera Ukraine. The author concludes that artistic activity has a significant impact on social change, and the consistent work of art organizations can change public perception of the essence of cultural processes, views on the art of the past, etc. The projects of the independent platform Open Opera Ukraine affirm contemporary practices of artistic representation, and thus contribute to the full development of contemporary Ukrainian art and its inclusion into the Western European cultural space through common artistic values and practices.

The Concerns of Nation-State Sovereignty and International Commercial Law: A Path to Harmonisation

The current body of literature on international business and commercial laws demonstrates the inherent conflict between the legal system and the sovereignty of nation-states. The phenomenon of globalization has amplified the influence of non-state actors, regional organizations, and free trade agreements, resulting in a significant demand for international arbitration. The incorporation of international commercial laws into the current standard is increasingly prevalent, as nation-states discover the benefits of adhering to such laws. Conversely, the concept of national sovereignty, which exerted significant influence in recent years, appears to be facing substantial challenges due to the emerging trends in an increasingly interconnected globalized world. Nevertheless, the nation-state and its sovereignty maintain a significant impact on the dynamics of power and trade between different nation-states. This study undertakes an examination of the substantial discord between principles of international commercial law and the sovereignty attributed to nation-states, with specific attention directed towards the prospects of achieving harmonization. Moreover, it delves into the intricacies and challenges inherent in the pursuit of harmonization within this specific domain.

Bibliometric and Systematic Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots’ Use for Language Education

This research aimed to comprehensively analyze the use of chatbots in language education and its potential for advancing educational development. Through a bibliometric and systematic approach, the study identified influential authors, references, organizations, and countries in the field of chatbot application in language education using VOSviewer. A total of 26 peer-reviewed publications were selected for a systematic review. The findings of the study indicated that chatbots have a positive impact on language learning, although they are limited in terms of facilitating listening and writing practice. The study extended the Human-Organization-Technology (HOT) fit framework for chatbots’ use for language education and discussed the factors that frustrate learners' use of chatbots for language education from human, organization, and technology dimensions. Furthermore, the author further discussed the suggestions for chatbots’ better application for language education based on the three dimensions.

Effectiveness of workplace interventions with digital elements to reduce sedentary behaviours in office employees: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers. Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023. Studies were included if total and/or occupational SB were assessed. Only studies that reported pre- and postintervention mean differences and standard deviations or standard errors for both intervention arms were used for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields QUALSYST tool. Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. The most employed digital elements were information delivery and mediated organisational support and social influences. Multicomponent, information, and counselling interventions measuring total and/or occupational/nonoccupational SB time by self-report or via device-based measures were reported. Multicomponent interventions were the most represented. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, which presented a reduction of 29.9 (95% CI: -45.2, -14.5) min/8h workday in SB (overall effect: Z = 3.81). Multicomponent interventions, using a wide range of digital features, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing time spent in SB at the workplace among desk-based employees. However, due to hybrid work (i.e., work in the office and home) being a customary mode of work for many employees, it is important for future studies to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions in the evolving work landscape. The review protocol was registered in the Prospero database (CRD42022377366).

Kompletterande, kompenserande och komplicerande

Complementing, compensating and complicating – informal organisation in Swedish child fare work The child welfare work within the Swedish personal social services (PSS) is clearly marked by formalisation and specialisation. It is guided by a diversity of national and local guidelines, while different units assume responsibility for specific tasks (e.g., intake, investigation and decision, or care and treatment). A risk of service fragmentation has been identified as a substantial downside to these organisational settings. However, prior research has mainly focused on formal organisational structures and how work is ‘supposed to’ be carried out. Less attention is paid to informal organisation, namely how work is ‘actually performed’ on day-to-day basis, which has been identified as an important but often overlooked aspect for understanding organisational performance. Therefore, the aim was to describe and analyse the influence of informal organisation in child welfare cases. Non-participating observations and group interviews were conducted in 11 Swedish municipalities. The findings show that informal organisation can ‘grease the wheels’ in child welfare cases: firstly, by complementing formal structures and offering alternative channels for collaboration and information exchange; and secondly, by compensating for gaps in areas of responsibility within the formal organisation, such as when staff offer informal care and support, even though their work is supposed to specifically focus on investigation and decision making, or individual social workers assume an informal case management role. Nevertheless, informal organisation was also found to complicate work, as unregulated and informal areas of work also allow the conflicting interests and work logics among different units and their staff to unfold. The findings are finally discussed in relation to the future organisation of social services.

Political violence: the attributive dimension

The article analyzes the main features of political violence. The author substantiates the view that political violence is aimed at preserving or changing social or international orders and conditions, and is realized in the following forms: war, exile, genocide, persecution, repression from above, uprising, terrorist acts from below; and is also carried out by specially created combat units or relevant authorized security forces. It is argued that one of the key features of political violence is competence, which expresses its organizational nature and focus on preventing the emergence of irrational forms of violence and protest behavior. Competence means that through mastering the skills of violence, an organized influence on social relations is exercised.

The Influence of Leadership, Learning Organization, Compensation, and Work Motivation on Lecturer Performance in the Legal Study Program at Ll3dikti Jakarta

This research aims:: 1) To determine the influence of leadership on the performance of permanent lecturers in the Bachelor of Law study program with B accreditation at a private university with B accreditation in the LL3dikti area of Jakarta. 2) To determine the influence of learning organizations on the performance of permanent lecturers at private universities in the B-accredited Bachelor of Legal Sciences Study Program in the LL3 Higher Education Environment in Jakarta.? 3) To determine the influence of competency on the performance of permanent lecturers at a private university with a B accreditation Bachelor of Law Study Program in the LL3Dikti Jakarta environment? 4) To find out the influence of work motivation on the performance of permanent lecturers at private universities in the Bachelor of Law Study Program with B accreditation in the LL3Dikti Jakarta environment ?. Design/Methodology/Approarch: This research uses a quantitative survey method with a population of 8 private universities with a total population of 365 undergraduate lecturers in the Law Science Study Program and a sample by calculating the number of questions from 5 variables. Findings: 1. Shows that there is a positive and significant influence on Social Sciences which remains at 0.46 and 99.46. There are other variables that influence the performance of Lecturers. 2. Shows that there is a positive and significant influence on Performance of 0.28 and 99.27. There are other variables that influence Lecturer Performance. 3. Shows that there is a positive and significant influence on Lecturer Performance of 0.39. and 99.04 there are other variables that influence Lecturer Performance. 4. Shows that there is a positive and significant impact on lecturer performance of 0.96.

Determinants of Female Employee Well-being: Interplay of Personal Agency, Societal Norms, and Organizational Contexts

Drawing from a qualitative methodology, this study intricately examines the determinants of well-being within the framework of work and non-work domains. Through four detailed case studies, we unravel how individuals' experiences within their professional roles, embedded in various organizational settings, influence their well-being. Central to our analysis is the understanding that individual perceptions of well-being, while navigating work and non-work domains, are intimately intertwined with larger social structures, historical trajectories, and material conditions. The insights derived from these cases illuminate the intricate relationship between personal agency, societal norms, organizational influences, and well-being. Key findings highlight the significance of role flexibility, life stage influences, and specific life circumstances (e.g., single parenthood, spiritual engagement) as determinants of well-being. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted determinants of well-being, this research offers valuable insights for organizational practices, policy-making, and individual well-being strategies.

The Role of Political Parties and Volunteer Organizations in the Process of Shaping Political Identity and Human Rights Protection during Military Aggression

The study examines the role of political entities and volunteer organisations in shaping political identity amidst the Russian military aggression towards Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of political parties and volunteer organisations on the processes of political identity formation and human rights protection during martial law. Sociological, graphical, and comparative methods were used during the study. The findings indicate the increasing significance of Ukrainian citizenship, the strengthening of national identity and the consolidation of civil society in Ukraine amidst Russian military aggression. It was established that there are certain disagreements regarding the support of existing and new political parties. At the same time, a significant number of citizens has an uncertain position on the support of specific political parties or the involvement of volunteer organisations in the activities. The substantial consolidation and expansion of volunteer organisations, coupled with increased confidence in their operations, indicates the culmination of the civil nation-building process in Ukraine.

Workplace Energy Culture Framework: A Mixed Methods Study Examining Differences in Energy Use and Behaviours within an Industrial Workplace

One way to achieve energy efficiency in the workplace is to change employee behaviour. Research in this area is limited, and significant gaps remain in understanding differences in how energy is used within workplaces and the suitability of existing frameworks for application in workplace settings. This paper addresses these gaps by applying and further developing the interdisciplinary energy culture framework (ECF) to examine employee energy use in an industrial workplace with an office and manufacturing areas. A mixed methods approach consisting of surveys, a focus group and interviews is applied. Results show significant differences in the office and manufacturing areas, with office areas having a more energy-efficient energy culture. Qualitative results show differences exist due to organizational behaviours, such as the effectiveness of business communications methods, varying levels of investment, the physical environment and work tasks. Results also show external influences, such as government budgets, business structure, and wider organisational cultures, impact energy cultures and how energy is used. This paper proposes modifications to the ECF, which acknowledges the multi-scalar nature of workplace energy cultures. This paper demonstrates how the ECF can be applied to workplace settings, allowing further understanding of how energy is used, and identifying wider organizational, occupational, and individual psychological influences on energy use.