Organization Of Economic Activity Research Articles

Tourism, sustainability and environment: a sociological approach to the tourism management of the geographical space and the territory in Spain.

The purpose of this study is to approach the sociological implications of territorial planning in Spain, addressing its implications in the field of Tourism, from an environmental perspective - from the field of sustainability-. In this way, it is based on the knowledge of the essential precepts of Territorial Planning, conceived as a technique, a public-social policy, focused around the processes of physical planning, the organization of economic activities - specifically, in our work, focused on tourism-, and in the territorial development, in its triple dimension, of the set of agents, elements and factors that define the tourism system, in our case in Spain, from the different scalar levels, the basis for the implementation of tourist activities.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES AND DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY

The article analyzes the main prerequisites and factors of the development of digital transformations of the economy. Digitization has become an integral and important component of the functioning of a civilized society and the main link in the system of development and efficiency of social and economic activities of enterprises. Digital transformations are due to the development of the information society and cover all spheres of life: technical, social, economic, political, cultural. The digital economy has developed as a result of the global transformation of organizations and communications systems and the transition of an industrial society to a digital one. Two main approaches to digital transformations, namely evolutionary and revolutionary, are highlighted and characterized in the study. The study of the features of evolution and features of qualitative and quantitative changes in the system of socio-economic relations made it possible to identify four main stages of digital transformations in the world. Based on the study of the peculiarities of the evolution of digital transformations, the author highlights the main factors of the development of the digital economy in the article. Namely, digital finance, social networks, digital identification and cyber security, large volumes of data and mobility to access them, integration of several management systems and organization of economic activity, the possibility of collaboration in conducting offline and online business. Digital transformations are the result of building a model of interaction of all participants in socio-economic processes and the transition of society and states to a new high-quality level of consumption and provision of products, organization of flow processes and construction of the entire system of economic activity. Based on the established signs of digital transformations in socio-economic processes, the article reveals the components of the digital economy – supporting infrastructure, e-business, e-commerce, resource provision and digital governance.

Development of adaptive mechanisms of budget planning in the field of marketing activities in a turbulent economic environment

The article is devoted to the development of complex adaptation mechanisms in the field of financial planning of the organisation of marketing activities in a turbulent economic model, in which large economic systems have a certain asymmetry of the relationship between the dynamics of the growth of the size of the economy and the transformation of degrees of freedom within the organisation of economic activity. The authors clarified the concept of “planning in marketing activities” in terms of issues related to its adaptation to changing environmental conditions, which made it possible to introduce a modern concept: “flexible digital marketing”. An extensive classification of changes in the field of marketing has been given depending on the level of scale of changes in marketing activity plans at different time stages of planning. The authors propose an updated approach to the organisation of marketing activity planning processes based on network modeling, which is presented as a complex set of knowledge on the transformation of developed strategies and plans of marketing activities to abrupt changes. A classification of network planning methods in the field of marketing activities has been compiled, taking into account hypothetical changes in objects within the framework of developed marketing strategies.

ФІНАНСОВИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ: ЕКОНОМІЧНА ПРИРОДА, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЗРОСТАННЯ

The article is devoted to highlighting the economic nature of financial potential, as an economic category that reflects the financial aspects of the economic activity of economic entities in general and higher education institutions in particular. The purpose of the article is to generalize scientific views, their systematization and the development of methodological approaches to the comprehensive study of financial potential of higher education institutions of Ukraine. The tasks of the publication are the application of comparative and systemic approaches in the study of financial potential, the identification of its relationship with finance as a basic category of financial science based on the use of key categories of the theory of knowledge, clarification the place of financial potential in the list of definitions of economic science and its role in the organization of economic activity at various levels of economic management, finding opportunities for practical growth based on improving the organization of educational activities and modernizing the financial system, developing proposals for improving the management of financial activities of higher education institutions based on the use of estimated (forecast, planned) and actual (reporting) indicators of financial potential. In the process of researching the financial potential as an economic phenomenon, its close connection with the economic power of the main activity of economic (institutional) units of the economy was revealed. For non-financial corporations - this is production activity, for institutions of higher education - this is educational and scientific (scientific and technical) activity. All other types of economic activity are of an additional (secondary, service) nature. Their organization must be directed to the full realization of the capacities of the main activity, which should contribute to increasing the efficiency of economic activity as a whole. Based on the analysis of statistical data regarding the activities of higher education institutions, it was found that the possibilities of increasing their financial potential during 2010-2020 steadily decreased, which is explained by a significant reduction, for various reasons, in the number of students. Overcoming the problem of lack funds, due to the increase in tuition fees, also seems problematic, since the income and expenses of higher education institutions are mainly formed outside their main activity, namely in the plane of the financial system, the modernization of which in line with the best world standards is gaining special importance.

Territorial organization of innovative development: Entrepreneurial aspect of sustainability

The article is devoted to the research of scientific issues related to acceleration of innovative development of spatial economy, the provision of the theoretical basis for the formation of zones of innovation growth of individual territories (regions). The degree of influence of innovations on the nature of the territorial organization of economic activity determines the level of well-being in society. The purpose of the study was to identify the features and contradictions of the current state of the system of territorial organization of innovation activity. The issue of diffusion of innovation has been studied in terms of representing and positioning a separate territory (region) as a subject of economic relations, a multifunctional and multi-faceted economic system, but not as a place of concentration of means of pro-duction and labor. The further development, the symbiosis of the regionalism the-ory, in particular the spatial organization of production, along with the theory and practice of innovative entrepreneurship, is the substantiation of creation and de-velopment of the territorial poles of innovation growth. It is proved that the effi-cient innovation policy in a certain economic space of activity should be based on the functional properties of the forms of spatial organization of production on the one hand, and the placement of productive forces, on the other hand. The idea of the nature and character of the existing forms of modern territorial organization of innovation activity embedded in a kind of network design, which is the projection of production networks in a certain territory, or so-called "place-connected net-works", is explored and developed.

Organization of Economic Activities in the Public Domain in the Post-Covid 19 Period

Organization of Economic Activities in the Public Domain in the Post-Covid 19 Period

On the legal regulation of economic and commercial activities in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of regulatory and legal regulation of trade activities in Ukraine. The problems of the place in the economic legislation of trade, its signs, system and tendencies of formation are considered. The conditionally general and special legislation regulating trade activity is allocated. There is a certain direction in the systematization of legal regulation depending on the object of regulation, namely the organization of the market and commodity affiliation. The analysis of the basic regulations in the field of trade is carried out. Formulation of the problem. One of the factors that influenced the scientific interest was modern sociological research. Among them, it is widely believed that the global economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 virus has brought trade to the forefront of the national economy on the basis of growth in development. Thus, the Razumkov Center’s Annual Survey states: “According to the results of 2019, the share of manufacturing in the structure of GDP by production method was 10.8 %, wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles – 13.2 %, then according to the results of three quarters of 2020. the corresponding figures were 10.2 % and 14 %. That is, the characteristic of the Ukrainian economy is increasingly not the creation of new modern products, but the repair and resale of obsolete products. In addition, recently there has been systemic uncertainty regarding the management and organization of economic activity by central government, which, accordingly, does not contribute to overcoming the crisis. Analysis of recent research and publications. In the domestic science of economic law there are no modern studies of trade regulation as a kind of economic. Among the scientists who have conducted research in this area in the past can be distinguished G.F. Shershenevich, Ye.O. Krasheninnikov, D.V. Zerkalov, A.A. Popov. In the modern literature, some attention was paid to the legal regulation of trade L. Mikhnevych, N.V. Shigarova, K.I. Krolevetsky. Recognizing the contribution of these researchers, it should be noted that science does not meet the high demand for the formation of legislative policy to regulate trade relations, the creation of a single state ideology in the areas of legal regulation of trade and as a result - high business demand for legislation

Distributed knowledge and the organization of economic activity

Distributed knowledge and the organization of economic activity

Contemporary development of the Russian Far Eastern regions in the format of green economy model: Ecological aspects

Subject. This article deals with the issues of environmental preferences in the field of functioning of the priority social and economic development areas in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to show the current situation in the formation of priority social and economic development territories on the basis of a brief analysis of the green economy conceptual provisions, taking into account the region's particular nature. Results. The article presents the results of a brief analysis of certain provisions of the concept of green economy from ecological position. It shows that the perspective plans of development of the Far Eastern regions practically ignore the principles of green economy. The article considers the actual situation in the development of priority social and economic development areas in the Khabarovsk Krai. Conclusions. The development of a green economy of regions with a high share of raw materials in the structure of the economy introduces fundamentally new approaches to the formation of a strategy for their development, focused on strengthening the importance of the ecosystem organization of economic activities. At present, the priority social and economic development areas are the basis for solving the government's problems in diversifying the region's economy. The first results of realization of the projects of creation of the priority social and economic development areas in the Khabarovsk Krai allow to note the progress in transformation of the production structure.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РИЗИКУ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ

The article examines the essence of risk in the process of making managerial decisions and the reasons for its occurrence. The subject of risk acceptance research is established. It is proved that the source of risk is uncertainty caused by irreversible inconsistency of elements of the whole economic system and the presence of sources that contribute to its growth, as well as: limited resources at the stage of making or implementing management decisions, influence of the a posteriori period, object of economic relations, existing differences and stereotypes in the economic behavior of different subjects of economic relations. Risk research is presented structured according to two dichotomies: the first – division into researches connected with risk assessment, and works in which acceptance of risk is studied; the second is based on the fact that decisions can be collective or made by a single entity. Factors influencing the degree of risk and its probability in the process of making management decisions are given. The dependence of alternatives and management decisions on the degree of risk and its probability is revealed. A critical analysis of risk theory identified the impact of the "law of risk" on the organization of economic activity and the decision-making process. The process of making managerial decisions is described taking into account the main types of managerial decisions, which is based on theories of decision making. It is proved that the theory of decision-making requires a new economic thinking, which will complement it by studying the behavior of not abstract, but the real subject of economic relations, which, in turn, will ensure the effectiveness of management decisions. The main provisions of the theory of decision making in the presence of risk are revealed. The dominant theory of managerial decision – making in the presence of risk is studied – the theory of maximizing the expected utility. The general regularity in the process of making the management decision taking into account alternatives and probability of risk is revealed. Determination of management decisions – willingness to take risks, which can be understood as a willingness to go beyond situational constraints, goal setting, including testing of personal abilities, theoretical knowledge and practical skills, qualifications, willingness to control the results of management.

The concept of labor in the history of social thought

The article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of the phenomenon of labor in the historical and philosophical context. The article shows the spiritual and moral foundations of human labor activity, changes and transformation of labor relations throughout history, civilizational and ethno-confessional differences in the organization of economic activity and production. The analysis of labor as a moral category is carried out on the basis of an appeal to the concepts of prominent scientists and thinkers. Thus, the interpretation of labor in the framework of the ancient and Christian worldview is considered from the understanding of labor as a punishment for original sin to its assessment as a godly mission, where it is ontological characteristic of human life. The concept of labor in the theological teaching of Thomas Aquinas is analyzed in detail. Further, in the conditions of theformation of capitalism, a society of commoditymoney relations in the XVIII-XIX centuries there are significant changes in social status and the way of work. In these historical circumstances labor becomes a commodity. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the problems of labor in national philosophies. In the development of Russian social thought in this aspect, one can single out the ideas of S.N. Bulgakov, who, at the beginning of the twentieth century, analyzing the origins and spiritual factors of the formation of Russian entrepreneurship, finds its connection with the religiosity of the Old Believers. Kazakh thinkers also attached great importance to the concept of labor. Great Abai, emphasizing the role and importance of labor in the formation of the individual and the development of society, reflected this in his famous «Words of Edification». In modern conditions, among the works of Kazakh researchers, where the problems of labor are considered, one can point to the monograph by Omar Zhalel «Hareket». It focuses on etymological differences in word usage, used in the analysis of the work.

Development of the corporate sector of the economy: state and directions of development in public administration

The historical way of development of the corporate way of social activity as a practical need of socialization of human work and voluntary association of people for realization of joint economic affairs is considered. It is emphasized that theoretical research and well-founded legislative support for the development of corporate governance appeared later, although their directions continue to deepen. It is noted that corporatism has been actively used in foreign countries in recent years. It is noted that in modern Ukraine the corporatization of activity is concentrated in the public sector of the economy, mainly in public joint stock companies, although the efficiency of their activities does not meet expectations. It is emphasized that there is a need to strengthen state control over the development of the corporate sector of the state, increase accountability for compliance with legislation and find further ways to develop the corporate sector, which has proven its effectiveness in foreign countries. The research is aimed at finding new opportunities for the application of this method of management in the municipal sector of the economy - local communities. It is noted that the corporate organization of economic activity at the present stage is under the influence of transformational changes in society, when there is an integration of different forms of ownership. The characteristics of municipalities as natural corporations are given. The directions of legislative and normative support of formation and use of corporate way of management in the organizational and legal form - municipal corporations taking into account the form and components of communal property, and also features of corporate rights of inhabitants of territorial communities are substantiated. The tendencies and directions of development of the corporate way of managing in territorial communities are considered, the factors are defined and the measures which will promote development of the corporate sector of municipal economy and institutionalization of corporate management at this level are offered.

Нравственные начала в жизни общества

The article investigates the influence of moral principles on historically developing social relations. The appeal to this problem is based on a conceptual approach to the origin of human morality, which arises in the course of sociogenesis as a set of behavioral principles that provide the intraspecific cultural (non-genetic) solidarity necessary for human societies. It is noted that the moral consciousness of individuals, which regulates interpersonal relationships, is a necessary but insufficient means for transmitting moral principles. Morality is expressed in the relationship between society and an individual. Society solves the problem of reproduction of moral regulators, it brings them into the nature of social relations by necessity. In this regard, attention is drawn to the role of elite groups in solving the aforementioned problem, in particular, it points out the peculiarities of the formation of an elite layer in Russian history. The elite is the bearer of moral images of social behavior, which expresses the attitude to public goals, interests, historical meanings of social life. The task of the elite is the implementation of these principles in the nature of social relations. The egoism of individuals and social groups can impede the solution of such a problem. Overcoming difficulties of this kind can be achieved by an awareness of history, which provides the basis for public consensus. The article focuses on the ethos of the “spirit of capitalism”, which enters into the social environment through the principles of the organization of economic activity. The paper shows the relevance of the problem of interaction of economic ethics and moral foundations of society as a systemic whole.

Концепция проекта Федерального закона «Лесной кодекс Российской Федерации»

This paper presents a concept draft bill of the Federal Law “Forest Code of the Russian Federation”, which proposes some new approaches to public forest management improvement. The related questions had been discussed during scientific debates held by the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on forests in 2015–2019. The goal of the draft bill is to modernise the forest law of the Russian Federation to bring it in line with changes in the state of forests, their increasing role in climate regulation and other ecosystem services, as well as the further development of market relations in the Russian economy. The Concept Paper is based on an idea of a transition from the development of natural forests as a source of timber to the organisation of economic activities aimed at the cultivation of highly productive forest stands on available forest land. Provisions aimed at developing economic mechanisms to ensure forestry profitability in a market economy, both through forest products and ecosystem services, make up an important part of the Concept Paper. Approaches to the further development of public and private forest management, which will improve the efficiency of forest use, protection, conservation and regeneration, are outlined. Legal mechanisms for improving the public forest management system and forms of state and business participation in forest management are proposed.

Project Management in the Implementation of Long-term Interregional Initiatives

The article develops to the analysis of the application of project management in the implementation of long-term interregional initiatives. The relevance of the study is due to modern experience in initiating and implementing major interregional initiatives. Practice shows that they need no alternative real project content, i. e. the availability of interconnected local investment projects, the implementation of each of which together provides high interregional (macro-regional) and region-wide importance. To date, there is a shortage of projects at the interregional level in Russia. This problem is recorded in the national Spatial Development Strategy.We formulate an author’s approach to defining of the interregional initiative as an activity to develop, present and launch a significant large complex interregional project (a set of interconnected investment and other related projects), potentially capable of having a significant impact on the social and economic development of the country, the federal district / macro-region.The study analysed detail the lessons learned from project management at the regional level, which can be useful for the implementation of integrated interregional initiatives. The main models of “spillovers” of experience of implementation of project management from federal to regional level for development of own initiatives of subjects of the Russian Federation (direct transfer, reset of state programs, project management of new spatial forms of organization of economic activity, initiation of joint projects with federal development institutions, etc.) are given.We have underlined possibilities project management in promoting interregional initiatives should focus on the following areas: taking into account innovative opportunities concentrated in systemically important economic complexes; Ranking projects in terms of effects for regional business communities. Projects involving and combining local resources should benefit.In regard with innovation development, we have proposed specific attention to interregional initiatives related to the acquisition of new knowledge, associations of the potential of regional scientific centers, synthesis of accumulated knowledge in the form of patents, advanced technologies, industrial models.

Production distortions: methods and approaches to assessment

The key point in the development of any economic system is the balanced formation of various conditions that reflect the economic, social, political, infrastructural and technological aspects of the process under study. The indicated priorities are traced in the organization of economic activity in various sectors of the economy, including the sphere of construction production and services. The presented work was an attempt to determine the vector of the construction industry sustainable development, based on the allocation of imbalance indicators and a system of criteria that reflect uniform development and growth. The following methods were used by us as the research methods: synthesis, a method of multi-stage analysis and functional dependence, the method of financial ratios, design and construction, etc. The study reflects a theoretical approach to assessing the existing imbalances based on a criteria-based assessment of sustainable development of construction production in a single economic space of the country. The priority of regional development in the general concept of sustainable functioning necessitates consideration from the point of view of the cause-effect relationships and the formation of the indicators system for quantitative characteristics, taking into account socio-economic, environmental production, which determined the identification of sub-indexes of causation (efficiency conditions), intermediate results (environmental standards ) and the consequences (the result of energy savings). The practical significance of the work lies in the development of proposals to improve the sustainability of the domestic organizations involved in the construction industry. The proposed methodological approach is universal and can be used for various sectors of the economy, including for assessing the sustainable development of agricultural production.

La participación indígena en la actividad turística en territorio Brörán-Térraba, Costa Rica, 2018

En el territorio indígena Térraba, ubicado en la provincia de Puntarenas en Costa Rica, su pueblo participa en el desarrollo del turismo a través de prácticas que no tengan un mayor impacto en la naturaleza y que no implique una pérdida de su cultura. Diversos estudios indican que la población indígena costarricense sufre altos niveles de desigualdad, y además, cuentan con menores tasas de participación en la economía. El trabajo analiza mediante un método cualitativo y de carácter etnográfico, por medio de las técnicas de entrevistas a profundidad y observación participante cómo las iniciativas de turismo, pueden ser ejemplo en la organización de actividades económicas y el empoderamiento para el desarrollo de comunidades indígenas. La principal conclusión de este trabajo indica que para la gestión del turismo sostenible ha sido fundamental una participación crítica por parte de los indígenas de la asociación Mano de Tigre, el Descanso y el Rincón Ecológico dentro de la comunidad Bröran. Se recomienda optimizar los servicios y ofertar el destino ya que cuenta con un alto potencial turismo nacional e internacional.
 Palabras clave: empoderamiento; turismo y sociedad; desigualdad.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC POWERS IN THE PROCESS OF ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT, REGULATION AND CONTROL OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Introduction. The issue of legal research of organizational and economic powers is constantly in the focus of researchers in the field of both economic and administrative law. There are different views on the emergence of organizational and economic powers. Some scholars believe that such powers arise exclusively in the process of managing economic activity, others - both in the process of management and in the process of regulating economic activity. In particular, the issues of organization and control of economic activity are added to such discussions. Accordingly, as a result of which processes the organizational and economic powers arise today are not so clearly defined at the legislative or doctrinal levels. Topicality. Given this uncertainty regarding the processes during which organizational and economic powers arise, many questions and problems arise during their implementation. In particular, this problem is manifested in the separation of organizational and economic and power powers, especially when the subject is simultaneously endowed with the functions of power and organizational and economic nature in the process of managing economic activity. Accordingly, the analysis of the concepts of organization, management, regulation and control of economic activity in the context of the theory of economic and administrative law and the theoretical and legal perspective needs its justification and systematic scientific disclosure. Summary of the main results of the research. The definition of these concepts at the legislative and doctrinal levels has been worked out. The concept of organization of economic activity is studied, which is proposed to be considered broadly (as an independent direction of activity aimed at rational combination in time and space of all elements of economic system of appropriate level: national (sectoral), local (regional), at the level of economic entities); and narrow meanings (as a management function that is implemented in the process of unification (distribution) of subjects, objects, means and is designed to create a new or reorganize or liquidate the existing system). It is established that economic management is an independent type of activity that is implemented in relation to social relations that arise, change and cease in connection with the implementation or realization of the intention to conduct economic activity on the basis of property relations on the basis of property, control relations. -subordination and delegated powers in order to effectively implement it. It is proposed to consider state regulation of economic activity at the macro and micro levels. It is investigated that control is one of the management function. Conclusions. It is substantiated that organizational and economic powers arise in the process of business management and or regulation of economic activity (at the micro level). It is proposed to include in the Commercial Code of Ukraine the following definition of organizational and economic relations: “organizational and economic relations in this Code mean the relations between business entities and subjects of organizational and economic powers in the process of economic management and / or economic regulation. activities (at the micro level)".

РОЛЬ САМОУПРАВЛЯЕМЫХ ФИРМ В ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

The article examines the intelligence of the company as the main factor and the result of the socio-economic activity of the enterprise. It is noted that the intelligence of a company depends on the quality of the subjects of the nano-level - the employees of the enterprise. In this regard, the role of modern forms of organization of economic activity and promising management practices, on the basis of which a new type of industrial relations is formed, which determines the system intelligence of enterprises, is analyzed. Self-managed (collective) enterprises are one of these perspective forms of management. It is shown that the development of intelligence is characterized by the formation of emancipative values of participants in democratic governance. At the same time, a high level of development of the company's employees participating in self-man-agement enhances the intelligence of the enterprise and reduces the transaction costs of conducting economic activities.

Risk management system in the enterprises of agrarian sphere

The article deals with risk management systems at enterprises of the agrarian sector, which represents an organization of economic activity, the purpose of which is to minimize losses and find sources of income. The research organization of the risk management system in the enterprises of agrarian sphere great attention should be paid to the integration of their specific activities. The process of risk management in enterprises consists of the following phases: definition of objectives and parameters for solving the problem of risk; identification of external and internal risk factors; identification of risk factors, risk identification; risk analysis; risk assessment; development and implementation of risk management measures; synthesis of the results of measures taken and preparing proposals. In addition, the risk management system is submitted to us through the introduction of a passport of risk, to enable the formulation and adjustment of economic activity at any stage of its implementation. Under the risk passport of the economic risk refers to a collection of information about risk, risk criteria, as well as guidance on the application of the necessary methods to manage or mitigate the risks. As well as the information in the article was considered in the context of a risk management system.