Discourse Organization Research Articles

КОСТРОМСКИЕ ТОПОНИМЫ В ВОСПОМИНАНИЯХ АЛЕКСАНДРА ЗИНОВЬЕВА «В МЕДВЕЖЬЕМ УГЛУ»

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of toponymic vocabulary associated with the Kostroma region, in the memoir essay of the philosopher and writer Alexander Alexandrovich Zinoviev «In Godforsaken Place», included by the author in the book «Confessions of a Renegade». The purpose of the study is to identify the semantic and communicative-pragmatic properties of dominant toponyms which are actively involved in organizing memoir narration, forming text meanings, explicating the conceptual content of the work, creating the author's modality. The study of toponyms in contextual environment is based on the genre and stylistic features of the memoir text: the combination of two temporal plans (past and present); the combination of objective reliability and individual subjectivity. The author of the article gives a brief overview of modern linguistic studies of toponymy in the Russian speech system and presents a classification of toponyms which are subdivided in the analyzed text into placenames and hydronyms. The article characterizes toponymic dominants of the memories: the name of Kostroma city and the name of the writer’s native village Pakhtino. The author of the article presents a coherent study of the key toponyms in some parts of the memoir text. The title of the section «From Pakhtino to New York» uses contextual antonyms that first create an antithesis, and are used as a part of a gradation series, but then, in the process of developing textual semantics, form an enantiosemy, uniting opposite objects of reality: a Russian provincial village and a large American city. With the help of several stylistic devices (antitheses, gradations, enantiosemy), the writer expands the boundaries of the narrative, depicts the universal scale of events, reflects ideas about indigenous Russian spiritual values and life priorities of the Western world. The toponym Kostroma is used in an ironic context: the memoirist quotes his poetic work, where he mentions his hometown which is not particularly different from other cities, since everyday bustle reigns in them all. Further, in the section «Russian Hinterland», Kostroma is named among other Russian cities, becoming a symbol of a more prosperous life and participates in creating the city-village opposition. The key hydronyms of the memories are the names of the Viga and Volga rivers. Their semantic interaction with the names of provincial settlements is actualized in the context. The evaluative vocabulary becomes the means of creating the writer's modality with positive textual connotations prevailing. In conclusion, the author of the article emphasizes the role of Kostroma toponyms in forming the chronotopic characteristics of the text and the communicative organization of the memoir discourse.

Дискурс социальных медиа в условиях пандемии covid-19

The article presents the results of the study of social media discourse in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which reflects opinions, perceptions, assessments of current events and makes a significant contribution to their formation. The aim of the study was to identify the peculiarities of the organization of discourse during the vaccination campaign, which related to the intentional orientation of the subjects of communication. The material of the study — 5 information messages about the vaccination against COVID-19 and their discussion on various Internet sites (126 people; 248 comments, М= 50, min=46, max=52). Using the method of intent analysis, it was found that the discussion of messages about vaccination was accompanied by the appearance of additional topical and interactive objects and a multiple increase in the number of realized categories of intentions. The prevalence of neutral intentions to analyze the problematic situation, to present and compare the positions, demonstrating the change in the tone of the discourse from the epidemic beginning, was detected. The leading role of interactive objects was identified, which indicated the presence of dialogic intentions and the needs for joint comprehension of the events.

The Slavic Rendition of Greek Speech Reporting Verbs in Chrysostom’s Homilies in the “Codex Suprasliensis”: A Case Study into the Transmission of Diatribal Discourse Organization

Chrysostom’s homilies are characterized by a high degree of dialogicality. Multiple voices are not only expressed in lively quotes, but in enacted confrontations with fictitious opponents, such as Biblical characters, Jews or heretics. Chrysostom ‘plays’ both his own part and the opponents’ voices, who are thus not just quoted, but ‘enacted’. In order to demarcate the different voices, linguistic means can be employed; these are often fixed formulae that have occurred in Greek since the Hellenistic period as part of the ‘diatribal’ style. This article identifies a number of Greek diatribal formulae that were taken over into an Old Church Slavonic translation in the “Codex Suprasliensis”. The main focus of the article is on the function of “verba dicendi” in the ‘assignment’ of the different voices in the discourse. The distribution of “verba dicendi” is presented quantitatively, but also analysed qualitatively. The present study allows us to evaluate the extent to which the dialogical features of the diatribe have been preserved in translated Old Church Slavonic texts. This, in turn, serves as a starting point for a further assessment of diatribal influences in other translated and original Slavic texts.

DISCOURSE REFLEXIVITY IN WRITTEN ACADEMIC ENGLISH AS LINGUA FRANCA: CODE GLOSSES IN RESEARCH ARTICLES

There is probably no doubt that English is a lingua franca of academia nowadays. Previous research has shown that one of the tendencies observed in academic English as Lingua Franca (ELF) speech is enhanced explicitness (Mauranen 2012). A common manifestations of explicitation is discourse reflexivity (Mauranen 2017), making discourse organisation more visible and enhancing the clarity in the contexts where interlocutors do not share a common linguistic and/or cultural background. Drawing on these findings this paper aims to investigate reflexive phenomena in written academic ELF, namely in the SciELF corpus. The corpus consists of research articles written by L2 users of English, which have not undergone any professional proofreading. The paper focuses on one reflexive category, code glosses, which “supply additional information by rephrasing, explaining or elaborating what has been said” (Hyland 2005: 52). The findings are compared with the corpus of published research articles written by Anglophone writers, which has been designed on the basis of SciELF. The results reveal significant differences in the frequency and functions of several code glosses, but at the same time show the importance of discourse reflexivity in both corpora.

ЛИНГВО-СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ЭКСПРЕССИВНОСТИ В СПОРТИВНОЙ ПУБЛИЦИСТИКЕ

The discourse space of sports journalism is determined by the intentionality and characteristics of the communicative situation, which allow it to be studied from the standpoint of pragmastylistics, cultural linguistics, discursive linguistics, the theory of speech influence, and sociolinguistics. However, the focus of research attention is fixated on clarification of those factors that provide the communicative effectiveness of media texts. The decisive role among these factors belongs to the elocutional organization of the media discourse.

Where lol Is: Function and Position of lol Used as a Discourse Marker in YouTube Comments

Lol is probably one of the most popular words in computer-mediated communication. It is generally taken to be the acronym of “laughing out loud”, but it is not always used to indicate a humorous response; rather, it is multifunctional. Drawing on previous studies of the different functions of lol, this paper explores a possible correlation between the position and function of non-lexicalized lol in the specific context of YouTube comments. The hypothesis is that the function of lol largely depends on its position: clause-initial lol is not used with the same functions as clause-final lol. The data for the study come from the comment threads of three popular YouTube videos posted in 2017, 2018 and 2019 on the channel Miranda Sings, a channel posting humorous videos, which has a very wide audience and 10 million subscribers. The complete comment threads total 20,287 comments and 886 distinct occurrences of non-lexicalized lol. The analysis of the occurrences is both quantitative, aimed at determining the proportions of each use and position, and qualitative. Using the tools of discourse analysis and pragmatics, the study examines the functions of lol on two levels: the level of discourse organization and the level of social interaction.

Narrative in the Discourse of Interrogation

The a nalysis of the English-language narrative of interrogation at the stage of pre-trial investigation from the standpoint of communicative pragmatics helps to optimize international professional communication, specifies and clarifies the speech situation "investigator - interrogated person ", and corresponds to modern scientific research in the field of cognitive-discursive paradigm of linguistics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the communicative and pragmatic characteristics of the narrative of the interrogated person in the modern English interrogation discourse at the stage of pre-trial investigation. The formality, stenciling and ritualization of the interrogation discourse is manifested by the structurally invariant parts in the dialogical text of the interrogation: "introduction", "directed narrative" and "verification". This structure is typical for both primary and secondary stages of interrogation . The institutional form of interrogation is a combination of a narrative with dialogic al communication of a police officer and an interrogated person ("narrative as an interactional event"), in the process of which an investigator specifies, reformulates or expands the interrogee’s narrative with leading questions and comments. The specificity of the chronotope is a constitutive characteristic feature of the interrogation discourse: the prototype place of communication is a police investigator's office; in terms of time, the discourse of interrogation is marked by anachronism as the discrepancy between the time of discourse and the time of narration by an interrogated person, which is manifested in the use of different grammatical verb forms and adverbs for the time of discourse and for time of "stories" told by an interrogated person . T he structure of the temporal organization of interrogation discourse is characterized by frequen t mentioning of a key event by both investigators and interrogees in order to identify or emphasize details and circumstances of the case.

Presence of the Reflective and Critical Thinking Capacity in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America.

Objective.The objective was to identify the presence of the capacity for reflexive-critical thinking or similar, in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America.Methodology..The article gathers the results of one of the objectives of the macro-project developed by the Iberian American Network on Nursing Education Research, titled Strategies to develop reflective and critical thinking in nursing students : Iberian America situation . To achieve this, a descriptive and exploratory research was conducted with qualitative approach. An instrument created for this project was used, along with some guiding questions to focus the information.Results.Eight countries participated (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela), which contributed information from 189 curricular plans. The R&CT was found in the majority of the curricula, although with diverse denominations. The principal learning strategies used were problem-based learning, group dynamics, reflective reading, clinical practice, and simulation laboratories. The evaluation methods used are the knowledge test, case analysis, and practical exam.Conclusion.Significant stress exists in the discourse and curricular organization. Incongruences were found and a clear inclination toward the formation of professionals with broad technical skills under a traditional, memory, banking and knowledge accumulation education.

“PRINCIPAL IMMANNITY OF CATS” AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE COMIC SITUATION OF INTERNET DISCOURSE: FROM METAPHOR TO METONYMY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the expression means of the comic situation in the scientific discourse and the discourse of Internet meme practices. The topic of cats is considered, the commonality of which allows to identify the difference between the order of discourse organization and the specifics of their spectacular means. It turns out that the difference between the tropes of metaphor and metonymy allows us to clarify the basic organizational guidelines of both discursive practices.The prospects of turning to metonymy outside the discourse of rhetoric and poetics are an open question exactly. However, the conceptualization of Internet practices is in itself quite metonymic, because it causes a trick, and, consequently, a certain emotional background. At the same time, the attempt to show the relevance of trope theory to the conceptualization of memes is metaphorical in large scale. However, the lack of a clear boundary in the humanities methodology between metaphorization and conceptualization inspires to try.

The Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus: TEI and linked open data encoding, data distribution, and metrical findings

Abstract How has the sonnet form in Spanish evolved over the centuries? What is the distribution of metrical patterns and combinations thereof, considering diachronic, geographical, and social factors? What rhyme schemes are favoured in different periods and regions? How is enjambment distributed within the sonnet? Providing quantitative answers to such questions requires a corpus spanning several centuries, annotated for the relevant literary features and containing author metadata. The absence of appropriate digital resources to undertake a macroanalytic study of the evolution of the sonnet in Spanish led us to create the Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus. This article presents how the corpus was designed for providing quantitative evidence on the evolution of sonnets in Spanish, and our findings regarding metrics and enjambment. The corpus contains 4,085 sonnets by 1,204 Spanish and Latin American authors (15th to 19th centuries), encoded in TEI, with RDFa attributes. The corpus aims at breadth, including many peripheral authors besides some major ones. Author metadata were encoded (dates, origin, gender). Scansion and enjambment were annotated automatically, with the ADSO and ANJA tools. The range of authors and periods, the use of TEI and RDFa for interoperability, and the combination of metrical and enjambment annotations goes beyond previously available digital resources. The corpus allowed us to examine the evolution of metrical patterns and their combinations after the Golden Age, complementing earlier studies. We also observed an increase in enjambment across the tercets in the 19th century, which may indicate increased variety in the discourse organization of sonnets in the period.

Representation of the tales of the Ulster cycle in Foras Feasa ar Éirinn : organisation of discourse and contexts

This article examines the patterns of history-writing in Geoffrey Keating’s retellings of the tales from the Ulster cycle in Foras Feasa ar Éirinn. The study illustrates how Keating’s familiarity with Irish medieval sources, his clerical education, which placed considerable emphasis on rhetoric, and his awareness of the English and continental traditions of history-writing, influenced the composition of the fragment of Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dedicated to the tales from the Ulster cycle. The author shows that in this fragment Keating tended to apply native narrative strategies more. As regards authorial intentions, Keating used the selected tales from the Ulster cycle as exempla of sin and its drastic consequences, which may explain his particular interest in the death tales.

Towards A Comprehensive Model For Interpreting Word Order In Classical Biblical Hebrew

Abstract In this paper we examine the function of fronting constructions in verbal clauses in Classical Biblical Hebrew, i.e. constructions that involve the placement of a clause constituent before the verb. We present a model that accommodates the vast majority of cases of fronting in a sample corpus of 1 Samuel. A key feature of our model is the recognition that fronting constructions include both categorical sentences, which make a predication about a base of predication, and also thetic sentences, which present a unitary situation. We classify fronting constructions into three types: (i) narrow constituent focus constructions, (ii) selecting topic constructions, (iii) thetic constructions. An innovative idea that is developed in the paper is that constructions (i) and (iii), although exhibiting different configurations of information structure, nevertheless share various functional properties on the level of discourse organization. On account of these shared properties, we argue that thetic constructions (iii) can be regarded as functional extensions of narrow focus constructions (i). Recognition of these various types of fronting and their interrelationship contributes to a better understanding of the phenomenon.

Teaching Writing Skills

This paper is based on my M.Phil research Project “A Discoursal Approach To Teaching Writing.” Seven essays were analyzed using the discourse analysis approach to identify the discourse pattern, functions and relations.
 The essays were considered in rhetorical terms and they represented different modes of writing - First person Narrative, public speech, personal, descriptive, Biographical and two Argumentative essays.
 The discourse organization was studied and found important features, common at three levels. (a) Macro level - Patterns situation - problem - solution - evaluation (b) Micro level - functions Elaboration, Evaluation Inference and summing up (c) Micro level- relations condition – consequence, cause – effect, reason – result, contrast, question – answer and claim – counterclaim.
 These findings showed that certain discourse features were used in similar ways by writers to structure and organization texts irrespective of what genre they belong to.
 
 On the basis of the findings, two types of tasks were designed at the above mentioned three levels. Tasks that help the student (a) To identify the discourse features (b) To develop their ability to produce coherent writing involving the use of these features.
 The trying out of selected tasks showed that the tasks were feasible and helpful. Though some of the students had problems initially in comprehending, they could perform the tasks quite successfully once explanations were given and when content was given than otherwise.

Visual pragmatics of abbreviations and otiose strokes in John Lydgate’sSiege of Thebes

Abstract This paper1 addresses the visual-pragmatic functions of the so-called common mark of abbreviation, or macron, in a section of BL Royal MS 18 D II (ff. 147v–162r) – one of the best known “deluxe” manuscripts containing Lydgate’s Siege of Thebes. Contextualised within the framework of visual pragmatics, or Pragmatics on the Page (Carroll et al. 2013), the manuscript in question is considered here as a visual text (Kendall et al. 2013) – one for which the readers construe the meaning through internalising the physical organisation of discourse. The paper attempts to unpack the ways in which the common mark of abbreviation, employed by the scribes as a visual-pragmatic marker, organises the discourse of the manuscript page on three levels of meaning: textual, interactional and metalinguistic (following Erman 2001). The pragmatic roles of the macron are then confronted with the visual forms and possible functions of its notorious graphic doppelgänger (i.e., the otiose stroke).

Cognitive Potential of Metaphor in Professional Discourse

The article focuses on the cognitive function of metaphor in professional discourse, which is a professional terminology system and a linguistic manifestation of a professional world view. The article demonstrates evolution of different approaches to the phenomenon of metaphor in scientific discourse and professional terminological systems. Convergence of research directions and methods, as well as integration and interpenetration of approaches to the object under study, made it possible to build the framework of the conceptual logic of mental knowledge structures objectified in systems of terminological units. A conceptual analysis of metaphorical terminological derivates enriched with semantic analysis of term definition components provided the empirical evidence that anthropocentric principle is the basic trend in the process of metaphor forming in the professional discourse of petroleum refining. The author sees metaphor as a cognitive mechanism that associates new unknown concepts with familiar phenomena from everyday human life. The dominant conceptual metaphors develop on the principle of anthropocentrism by combining the source-domain, including a system of deep ontological knowledge about a person and a target-domain representing special concepts of professional discourse. The cognitive potential of metaphorical models is described on the basis of the metaphorical derivation of the professional oil refining terminology system. In addition to their nominative function, metaphorically formed terminological units perform explanatory function by visualizing the processes of petroleum refining to provide an opportunity to understand complex structural organization of professional discourse.

The Impact of Developing the EFL University Students' Awareness in the Use of Pragmatic Markers on their Essay Writing ability

ان عملية الكتابة لا تتضمن فقط كتابة نص جيد, وانما تتضمن ايضا اهمية وجود تماسك وتناسق للنص المكتوب. فأن أنشاء نص مكون من مجموعة من الجمل بدون أخذ الروابط التماسكية بعين الاعتبار, يؤدي الى الفشل في ايصال الرسالة المرجوة من النص المكتوب. وعليه فأن وجود العلامات النصية هو شرط اساسي في جعل النص المكتوب اكثر سلاسة. ولذلك, فان كتابة اي مقالة تتطلب الاتقان والدقة في اختيار العلامات الواقعية النصية. فهذه العلامات, في اعتقاد الكثير من الكتاب, تعد جزء مهم من كفاءة المتعلمين واستراتيجيتهم في الكتابة. ان وجود مثل هذه العلامات في نص يعمل على دعم وتقوية النص ولا يغير من معنى النص. فالعلامات الواقعية مثل: بالطبع, بالتاكيد, حسنا,...الخ.
 تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى اختبار اداء المتعلمين في استخدام العلامات الواقعية. وتهدف ايضا الى التقصي عن اثر تطوير هذه العلامات عندهم على تحسين قابيليتهم في كتابة المقالة. وسيجيب البحث ايضا عن الاسئلة الآتية: كيف هو اداء المتعلمين في كتابة المقالة؟ ماهو الفرق بين المجموعة الضابطة والمجموعة التجريبية؟ هل هنالك علاقة ذات اهمية بين تطوير قابلية المتعلمين باستخدام العلامات الواقعية وبين تحسن قابليتهم في كتابة المقالة.

828-P: Challenges in Care Relationships in Diabetic Setting: The Diabetologists’ Perspective

Purpose: Poor medication adherence in persons with diabetes is a well documented issue, overall leading to worse glycemic control and quality of life. Previous studies have shown that the quality of the patient-provider relationship is a crucial factor for patient diabetes management and self-care. Most of research has focused on patient perspective, with poor attention to providers’ relational skills to handle interpersonal difficulties concerning care challenges. The purpose of the present study was to explore providers’ subjective perspective about care relationship so to detect some clues that may contribute to better manage patient medication adherence. Methods: A purposive sample of 18 Italian diabetologists participated in the study. Face-to-face interviews on providers’ emotional experience about care relationship were collected, digitally recorded, and transcribed. A computer-aided text analysis based on word co-occurrences was performed through T-Lab software, by using the conceptual model of Emotional Text Analysis. This allowed the identification of thematic domains pertaining to implicit sense-making processes, beyond the cognitive discourse organization. Results: Six thematic domains were identified across interviews, which respectively referred to: (1) preoccupation, in terms of separation anxiety and desire for contact; (2) control, focused on hypervigilance and conflict management; (3) fear for excessive closeness and effort to distance; (4) proud self-affirmation in opposition to care burden; (5) guilt feelings and over-involvement; (6) strive for achievement and satisfaction gain. Conclusions: The findings suggest the importance of providers’ awareness about potential defensive strategies in facing care challenges, from distancing to intrusive reactions, which may interfere patient health engagement and capacity to self-regulate in care behaviors, respectively. Disclosure V. Langher: None. A. Caputo: None. C. Giuliani: None. A. Convertino: None. A. Napoli: None.

The organization of ideological discourse in times of unexpected crisis: Explaining how COVID-19 is exploited by populist leaders

Using the persecution of Muslims in India that is currently taking place against the backdrop of the COVID-19 global pandemic as an illustrative case, this essay identifies the dynamics of the organization of ideological discourse by populist leaders in times of unexpected crisis. The organization of ideological discourse represents strategic, discursive acts committed by populist leaders aimed at foregrounding social conditions that would function in the advancement of various political ends—whether those ends may be the consolidation of power, the undermining of institutional systems of checks and balances, the implementation of exclusionary or injurious policies against disenfranchised constituents, the suspension of civil liberties, or a combination thereof. It is engendered through a three-stage process. In the first stage, surface-level validation by legitimate institutional actors confirms preconceived ideas about a constructed enemy. In the second stage, inflammatory rhetoric is deployed by populist leaders, which scapegoat that constructed enemy. These two stages culminate to create widespread moral panic in society. With moral panic firmly established, in the third stage an environment of fear and paranoia becomes susceptible to the enactment of symbolic and physical violence against the constructed enemy. The essay concludes with some words on the pressing need to deconstruct ideologically motivated discourses related to COVID-19.

Language variation in university classrooms

Abstract Corpus-based university classroom discourse studies found differences in teaching as it relates to language use: discourse organization, levels of instruction and interactivity, and disciplinary differences in participant talk. These practices were primarily reported on US-based classrooms, while scholars with different foci looked at British university classrooms as well. However, a comparison of how discourse is organized in university classrooms in varying geographical contexts is still missing. The present study provides lexico-grammatical analyses of classroom discourse at a South-East Asian university as associations are made to the communicative and pedagogical functions in the discourse structure of lectures, and comparisons are made to a corpus of university classroom discourse from the US. Findings show differences in language use and associated discourse organizational patterns within three disciplinary areas (Humanities, Natural Sciences, and Engineering) as they are delivered in the two geographical contexts. Implications are discussed for register, disciplinary, and discourse structure studies.

Complex predicates and space in Dâw (Naduhup language, AM)

AbstractComplex predication is understood to be a highly productive process in Northwestern Amazonian languages in which complex predicates may be realized as compounds, verb-auxiliary constructions or serial verb constructions depending on language-internal criteria. These constructions play an important role in the organization of discourse and information packaging and can also carry out grammatical functions such as increasing or decreasing valency. In Dâw, a language from the Naduhup family, complex predicates are used to express spatial notions such as directionality and manner in complex motion events or to provide detailed of how complex predicates in Dâw function as semantic and syntactic resources used to express space in discourse in comparison to their expression in simple predicates. I provide a typology of the most frequent patterns and their respective ordering principles found in our corpus in order to understand how fine-grained spatial notions are expressed in Dâw.