Organic Waste Management Research Articles

Municipal Solid Waste Management in a Decentralized Composting Scenario: Assessment of the Process Reproducibility and Quality of the Obtained Composts

Over the last several years, the models for organic waste management have changed to implement circular economy in the productive cycle. In this context, new scenarios have emerged, where the management of different organic waste streams by composting is conducted with decentralized models that manage organic wastes in a more local way. However, in these new models, the standardization of the process control and of the end-product characteristics is necessary to guarantee the quality and agronomic value of the compost obtained, avoiding potential risks for human health and the environment. Thus, the aim of this work was to study two different scenarios of community composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste separately collected in order to guarantee the effectiveness and reproducibility of the composting processes and the quality of the composts obtained. For this, the development of the process and the characteristics of the composts at agronomic, hygienic–sanitary and environmental levels were assessed in real conditions and during three cycles of the process. The results obtained show high similarity among the different composting cycles, indicating an important degree of reproducibility among the processes. In addition, the composts obtained showed a good sanitary quality, absence of phytotoxicity and low contents of potentially toxic elements, which guarantee their use in agriculture without posing any risk to human health and to the environment.

Socialization of Composting Technology for Culinary Waste Management in Kampung Emas

The Kampung Emas Tourism Area, renowned for its traditional eateries offering authentic Javanese cuisine, has become a favored destination for tourists. However, the surge in tourist numbers has contributed to increased organic waste. Addressing this issue is crucial to prevent environmental problems and negative perceptions of Kampung Emas. The community service initiative aims to introduce rapid composting technology as an innovative solution to enhance understanding and effectiveness in waste management within Kampung Emas. The activity was conducted on August 12, 2023, involving 15 managers from the tourism sector. Emphasizing organic waste management, the initiative introduced the innovative solution of rapid composting technology. Evaluation was carried out through questionnaires distributed before and after the activity. Participants grasped organic waste management concepts yet demonstrated a greater understanding of composting technology. The evaluation results showed a significant improvement post-activity, with an understanding rate of 83% for waste management concepts and 60% for composting technology. In conclusion, the initiative successfully increased knowledge and understanding among Kampung Emas management regarding rapid composting technology, providing a solid foundation for implementing more effective and sustainable culinary waste management practices.

Impact of collection from indigenous lands on the municipal solid waste management system: A case study in the Amazon

In the Amazon, solid waste collection is generally restricted to urban areas, excluding indigenous lands and rural areas. The objective of this research was to analyse the impact of collecting waste generated from indigenous lands on the municipal solid waste (MSW) management system, through life cycle assessment (LCA). A case study in the Humaitá city, state of Amazonas, Brazil, was based on life cycle inventory data, obtained from literature and field surveys, such as the waste gravimetry. The LCA followed the model proposed by ISO 14040 and 14044 and estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for three MSW management scenarios. The first, called Base Scenario (SB), corresponded to that practiced in Humaitá: collection of MSW from the urban area, logistic, and disposal in landfill. The second scenario (S1) corresponded to SB and the collection of waste generated on indigenous lands in that municipality. The third scenario (S2) corresponded to S1, excluding organic waste, which would be destined for composting on indigenous lands. The base scenario totalled an emission of 1,539 t CO2eq.year-1. Collecting solid waste from indigenous lands would increase these GHG emissions by 5.2% (S1) and 0.9% (S2) in relation to SB. The decentralized management of organic waste through composting associated with the separation and storage of dry waste would reduce the burning of waste in indigenous areas, their environmental vulnerability and promote the inclusion of these peoples.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OJIR APPLICATION AT CENTRAL WASTE BANK IN MALANG DISTRICT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD-SCALE ORGANIC WASTE DIVERSIFICATION PROCESSES

The Ojir application, a mobile-based innovation for organic waste management at Central Malang Waste Bank (BCM), provides an effective solution to streamline the collection and management of organic waste. Addressing environmental concerns such as food scraps, dry leaves, and fruits, the application responds to Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) data indicating that approximately 61.50% of total waste is organic, necessitating efficient management to reduce waste volume. Established in 2016, BCM faced challenges in manual data management and limited organic waste search capabilities. To address these issues, Ojir was introduced to modernize the organic waste management system. This innovation surpasses traditional waste management by incorporating a process of diversifying organic waste into maggot raw material. Beyond resolving existing waste bank issues, Ojir enhances management efficiency, allowing users to easily track and manage organic waste with increased accuracy. Consequently, the paradigm of organic waste management shifts towards modernity, effectiveness, and efficiency. Aligned with efforts to create a clean and sustainable environment, Ojir represents an innovative step in reinforcing the role of waste banks in handling organic waste in the technological era. The incorporation of the maggot raw material process further exemplifies the forward-thinking approach in sustainable waste management

Feasibility analysis of the cow manure (Bos taurus) biodigester as a renewable energy source in the Ahuaycha district, 2023

The objective of the research was to analyze the feasibility of a cattle manure (Bos taurus) biodigester as a renewable energy source in the district of Ahuaycha. The methodology was applied research, and direct observation was used to determine the manure content and size of the biodigester. The results showed the amount of manure produced by the cows per day, month and year, 1 cow (Bos taurus) produces 4 kg of manure per day, to find the amount of the 12 cows (sample) mathematical operations were performed, which gave a result of 48 kg/day of manure. The biodigester will be tubular and will consist of 4 main parts: the inlet vessel, which serves to introduce the organic matter mixture into the reactor; the biol outlet, which serves to discharge waste from the reactor; and the biogas outlet, which serves to take advantage of the gas accumulated in the biodigester. Therefore, it is concluded that the implementation of the biodigester is viable, because it performs better than domestic gas due to its high concentration of methane, it is also economical and a tool to promote changes in the management of organic waste, thus promoting a more sustainable development in the district of Ahuaycha.

Strategy on circular economy transition: A case study of agrocompany in Indonesia

The Circular Economy (CE) concept has been recognized as the core strategy that can support sustainable business through technological innovation that enables CE transition by focusing on resource savings. This case study conducts research on business strategy in achieving CE transition in an agroindustry company, by performing SWOT analysis to assess internal and external factors. The SWOT model provides valuable results that an effective strategy could maximize strengths and opportunities, minimize weaknesses and threats in business by boosting circularity on business-critical factors. The CE adoption by agroindustry company mostly focuses on efficient organic waste management, energy-efficient production, and production process. This study case reveals that while technology plays a significant role in advancing CE, there is still a significant need to pay attention to the social aspect in supporting the creation of worker-owned cooperatives by creating space for employee involvement in finding innovations and adopting technology in business transition into CE process. Social innovation through the involvement of employees by sharing CE vision, synergizing and optimizing internal potential, and building up the green innovation culture has created an internal conducive climate to put CE principle into practice. Further result shows that a labor-intensive company’s business strategy prioritizes employment and job security over maximizing profits, which directly leads to the economic welfare and social protection of the business operation that makes an inclusive business.

Introduction to Waste Processing Technology to Address Organic Waste Issues in the Baru Beach Tourism Area

Community service activities are focused on increasing understanding of organic waste management in the Baru Beach Tourism Area. The main innovation lies in delivering lectures on various waste processing technologies, especially pyrolysis technology, to the participants, including Urban Village-Owned Enterprise BUMKal Mukti Lestari, Poncosari Urban Village, and residents around Baru Beach. Evaluation of activities using questionnaire data before and after the event. The analysis showed a significant increase in participants' understanding, although the peak understanding only reached 53%. Suggestions for increasing the effectiveness of subsequent activities include developing materials, extending time, and applying interactive methods. This community service activity increased public understanding of organic waste management in the Baru Beach Tourism Area.

The Impact of Marasmius tricolor 310b on the Degradation of Cellulose in Rapeseed Straw Composting

Composting, a vital process for organic waste management, hinges on intricate microbial dynamics. The role of specific microbial inoculants, such as fungi, in shaping these dynamics remains an area of keen interest. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of the fungal inoculant Marasmius tricolor 310b on composting dynamics, with a focus on temperature variations and the degradation of lignocellulosic components. We conducted a comprehensive composting experiment with four treatments: pure rapeseed straw, rapeseed straw with Marasmius tricolor 310b, a combination of rapeseed straw and pig manure, and the combination with Marasmius tricolor 310b. Temperature dynamics, lignocellulosic degradation rates, and fungal community structures were meticulously analyzed. While Marasmius tricolor 310b did not significantly alter the temperature profile, its presence markedly enhanced the degradation rates of cellulose and lignin. With the introduction of Marasmius tricolor 310b, the degradation rate of cellulose in the rapeseed straw compost increased from 0.0319 (ST) to 0.0419 (STM). In the combined rapeseed straw and pig manure compost, this rate rose from 0.0422 (STPM) to 0.045 (STPMM). For hemicellulose, the degradation rate in the rapeseed straw compost increased from 0.0103 (ST) to 0.014 (STM). However, in the combined compost, it slightly decreased from 0.0146 (STPM) to 0.013 (STPMM). As for lignin, its degradation rate in the rapeseed straw compost saw an increase from 0.0024 (ST) to 0.00366 (STM). In the combined compost, the rate rose from 0.00302 (STPM) to 0.00402 (STPMM). Fungal community analyses revealed discernible shifts in structure and diversity upon the fungus’s introduction. Network analyses further highlighted a highly interconnected microbial community, suggesting its robustness against perturbations. Temporal dynamics underscored the intricate interplay of microbial interactions, substrate availability, and external inoculants. The introduction of Marasmius tricolor 310b profoundly influences composting dynamics, offering valuable insights into microbial community interactions and presenting potential avenues for optimizing composting strategies.

Biodegradability of PBAT/PLA coated paper and bioplastic bags under anaerobic digestion

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are two of biodegradable plastics with the highest production capacities in 2021. Bioplastic waste management can be easily integrated with organic waste management, especially when bioplastics are used as food packaging material, since they are potentially biodegradable. The aim of this study was to assess the biodegradability of biodegradable polymer-coated paper (BPCP) and bioplastic bags made from PBAT/PLA blend during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) and to reveal the changes in the physicochemical properties of the bioplastics. BPCP obtained 155 NmL-CH4/g VS and 307.3 NmL-CH4/g VS under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively, but left bioplastic film residues. The bioplastic bags did not exhibit significant biodegradation during the AD processes. 1H NMR results indicated that the ratio of PLA to PBAT decreased significantly after AD of the BPCP film and that PLA monomers were formed from the bioplastic bags, leading to a decrease in the hydrophobicity on the surfaces of the materials. Methanoculleus was found to be enriched on the bioplastic surface after mesophilic AD. From the perspective of coupling bioplastic waste management with the food waste management, the incorporation of BPCP into the AD reactor not only enhances system stability and methane production to a greater extent than biodegradable plastic bags but also raises concerns regarding the residual biofilm when utilizing the digestate for direct land applications.

Increasing Knowledge of Residents in Pinang Griya Permai Housing in Waste Management through Training of Organic and Anorganic Waste Recycling by the Teratai Waste Bank

Garbage is currently still a problem for the community where there is a lack of knowledge of waste management properly. The waste bank is present as a solution to assist the government in reducing the accumulation of waste and helping to improve the economy of housewives, especially residents affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Bank Sampah Teratai (BST) is one of the social group organizations engaged in environmental economics, especially in managing household waste for residents of RW. 05 Pinang Griya Permai, Pinang - Tangerang. Bank Sampah Teratai located in Pinang Griya Permai Tangerang is a partner in this activity. Observation results show that Bank Sampah Teratai does not yet have adequate knowledge in waste management, both organic and inorganic. Based on the above problems, a community partnership program was formed with the academic community (lecturers and students) of Universitas Budi Luhur to help solve problems at the Bank Sampah Teratai. Based on these conditions, training on organic and inorganic waste management was carried out for residents of the Pinang Griya Permai housing. This training provides understanding, and appropriate skills, which help residents to carry out organic and inorganic waste management. Based on the results of the questionnaire after the training was carried out, 100% of participants stated that the material presented was in accordance with their needs, and the material presented was also considered good by 100% of the participants. The long-term result of this training is an increase in the understanding and skills of the residents to manage organic and inorganic waste. This training has been a useful contribution to improving skills for members of the Bank Sampah Teratai in particular, and skills for residents of Pinang Griya Permai housing in general.

Identification of eco enzyme characteristics from organic waste

Eco enzyme is a form of creative and environmentally friendly organic waste management efforts. This study aims to analyze and compare the characteristics of eco enzymes made from organic waste with variations of palm sugar and coconut sugar. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with an experimental approach and qualitative methods in the form of research development research. This study consists of two types of samples, namely palm sugar and coconut sugar with three times the repetition of each type of sample and fermented for 3 months. The results showed that eco enzyme made from organic waste with a variation of coconut sugar produced a higher content of acetic acid, phosphorus, calcium, lipase enzyme activity and protease enzyme activity and the final volume of the solution, while eco enzyme made from organic waste with palm sugar variations resulting in amylase enzyme activity, higher pH and chlorine. Based on the results, the characteristics obtained from coconut sugar, eco enzyme solution is recommended for use in agriculture as an organic fertilizer, while eco enzyme from coconut sugar is recommended as a disinfectant and natural detergent.

Extraction and Characterization of Chitosan from Eco-Green <i>Hermetia Illucens</i> for Application in Dentistry

Chitosan can be extracted from the hermetia illucens chitin. It has excellent biocompatibility, non-toxic, bioresorbable, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. It can be formed into a gel, granules, sheet/film, porous structure, or scaffold in dental medications. Hermetia illucens cocoons were collected and extracted from the by-product of organic waste management in Bandung City. The samples were dried in the oven at 105°C for 48h and grounded in the powder grinder and sieved. Demineralization proces were done by immersed samples in 1 M HCl for 6h. The powder then deproteinized using 1 M NaOH solution for 8h at 80 oC, filtrated, and washed with distilled water. Then, the samples were immersed in 1% KMnO4 solution for 1h, and cleaned the residue with an oxalic acid solution. Samples obtained were dried in the oven at 60 oC for 48h before deacetylated with deionized water. Characterization were done by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). IR spectra showed disctinctive OH bond at 3253.62 cm-1 and amide I band at 1616.98 cm-1. Degree of deacylated were calculated using infrared spectra data and resulting 77.372% indicating good character of chitosan. The result SEM were inducated typical pattern of chitosan. Further study is to fabricate the medical-grade chitosan for dental material. The chitosan from the hermetia illucens is a promising natural biopolymer for dental applications and organic waste management solutions.

The Processing of Household Waste by Residents of Griya Serpong Housing Complex, Serpong Sub-District, South Tangerang, Indonesia, in Compliance With Law Number 18 of 2008 and Law Number 32 of 2018

The Waste Management Law Number 18 of 2008 mandates waste management at various levels, including producers, communities, industrial areas, traditional markets, and malls. Local government administrations in regencies and cities need to create or revise regional regulations (Perda) and design a communal-based waste management masterplan. Until now, waste management has largely been centralized, with an open dumping system at the final disposal site, which ended in 2013. There are three forms of urban waste management: centralization, decentralization, and centralization-decentralization. An ideal waste management pattern is neither purely centralized nor decentralized, but rather a combination of both. Organic Waste Management Facilities (OWMF) are established at the source of dominant waste generation (initial stage), with a recycling system similar to City Waste Management Facilities (CWMF) to support and assist in marketing the products of the OWMF established by Joint Business Groups (KUB) formed by the community, known as the "self-sustaining concept." Addressing the waste problem requires an examination of the current waste management practices to identify areas where improvements and enhancements can be made, so that only waste that truly cannot be recycled ends up in the final disposal site, such as hazardous waste (B3) that is incinerated directly. This research aims to provide a solution to the waste disposal issue, which is largely centralized in Indonesia.

Effectiveness of Composter with Magic Compos System Forward Reverse Design Through Temperature and Humidity Control on Composing Quality

Household waste management is an important concern in an effort to reduce the potential negative impact on public health due to organic waste generation. This study aims to analyze differences in compost maturation rates based on variations in the time interval of the turning process in Magic Compost, differences in compost maturation rates based on the type of organic waste, differences in C/N ratio, carbon content, and moisture content in compost, differences in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in compost, and differences in temperature, pH, and color in compost based on household organic waste criteria. This research uses an experimental approach with a posttest without a control group design and applies a randomized complete group design (RAKL). The tool used is Magic Compost, which is equipped with a temperature and humidity controller. The results showed a significant difference in the rate of compost maturation based on the time interval variation of the turning process on Magic Compost (p value = 0.000). The best turning time interval is 12 hours. There was a difference in the rate of compost maturation based on the type of organic waste generated by households, with mixed waste compost maturing the fastest and rice/starch waste maturing the slowest (p value = 0.001). While there was no difference in the C/N ratio (p value = 0.202), there were significant differences in the carbon content and moisture content of the compost based on the type of organic waste (p values = 0.042 and 0.000). However, there was no difference in the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the compost (p value = 0.144 and p value = 0.663). There was a difference in potassium levels in the compost based on the type of organic waste (p value = 0.000). The temperature of the resulting compost showed no significant difference (p value = 0.000), but there were differences in the pH and color of the compost based on household organic waste criteria (p values = 0.048 and 0.007). This study provides important insights into organic waste management through composting with Magic Compost, which can be an effective solution for reducing the negative public health and environmental impacts caused by organic waste generation.

Sustainable Campus Through Organic Waste Management Program Implementation

Implementing an organic waste management program is a crucial step in realizing a sustainable campus. Organic waste management such as yard waste management program in Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, is crucial to maintaining a sustainable environment. The university's efforts to implement sustainable waste management practices, such as recycling and create an alternative energy sources like biodigester, have significantly reduced the amount of waste sent to landfills and creates valuable resources such as heat and liquid organic fertilizer. The application of liquid organic fertilizer from a biodigester on the university's green house resulted in an increased Pakcoy growth parameters and productions. By using liquid organic fertilizer from a biodigester is a sustainable and effective way to fertilize green areas at Sam Ratulangi University. By implementing this practice, the university can reduce waste and support healthy plant growth while also promoting environmental stewardship.

Differences in sustainability outcomes between agritourism and non-agritourism farms based on robust empirical evidence from the Tyrol/Trentino mountain region

Agritourism is an increasingly popular form of rural tourism that involves agricultural activities and operations aimed at attracting visitors to a farm. We contribute to the literature by examining the sustainability differences between agritourism (ATFs) and non-agritourism farms (non-ATFs) in the Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino Euroregion and the impact of agritourism on traditional farming activities. The research questions are answered using collected farm survey data (n = 493) and propensity score techniques that allow to estimate treatment effects of agritourism adoption by controlling for selection biases. The results reveal that agritourism adoption has a positive impact on economic sustainability outcomes such as income increases, but negative impacts on production quantity and production value. As to social sustainability outcomes, we find negative effects of agritourism activity on family free time and interactions with the local community, but a positive impact on partner involvement in farm activities. Environmentally, some practices adopted by ATFs become more sustainable, such as a higher use of organic production, renewable energies and active waste management, but others do not. The results indicate that agritourism can offer sustainability advantages, but a differentiated assessment is necessary. Therefore, for policy decisions, it is crucial to understand the benefits and drawbacks of agritourism and align public support measures with overall rural development policy objectives while also considering agritourism promotion effects on food security and local-food production needs.

Circular Economy in Wastewater Treatment Plants—Potential Opportunities for Biogenic Elements Recovery

Technologies used in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) allow the recovery of energy and valuable elements (phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic carbon) for the soil. This article presents, in schematic form, the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in a WWTP with a load of 70,000 Population Equivalent and develops a spreadsheet to estimate their recovery. Biogas generation enables the recovery of 1126 Mg of organic carbon per year and the generation of 12.6 GWh of energy. The most rational form of organic waste recycling is the production of compost with fertilizing parameters, but efforts should be made to reduce iron compounds in its composition. It has been estimated that compost production provides the recovery of 30% of carbon, 98% of phosphorus, and 18% of nitrogen from the streams of these elements entering the WWTP. The possibility of partially replacing the iron coagulants used to precipitate phosphorus with waste magnesium salt is presented, leading to the precipitation of struvite, which is well absorbed by plants. The article presents the advantages of combining sewage treatment with organic waste management in WWTPs. The developed spreadsheet allows for the control of energy recovery through the quantitative selection of organic waste for fermentation.

Waste valorization in agribusiness value chains

This abstract presents a research study that explores the potential for the circular economy, particularly in agriculture, to not only reduce waste and emissions but also to generate value from environmental conservation efforts. The study applied an exploratory-descriptive approach, with bibliometric analysis utilized to understand the breadth of waste management practices. The research was comprehensive, sourcing a large body of articles (858 in total) from prominent databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. This large data set was then analyzed using VOSView software. Two primary opportunities for generating value from agricultural waste were identified: recycling non-organic waste (e.g., plastics) and effective biomass and organic waste management. The study underscores the need for innovative technologies and new business practices to capitalize on these opportunities. The authors argue for a significant shift in existing production systems. They suggest the integration of technological solutions that leverage the biochemical aspects of different waste types. This approach could help to extract maximum value from waste within agricultural value chains. The principal contribution of this research to the scientific community is the novel understanding it offers of how to add value to agribusiness value chains. This research could guide future endeavors to make agriculture more sustainable and economically efficient through waste valorization.

Advancements in biodigester technology through the study of anaerobic digestion using statistical optimization and bioaccelerators

AbstractAdvances in biodigester technology have been promoted by the growing study of anaerobic digestion, with the aim of improving processes related to the utilized waste load. This research used the statistical tool Central Composite Rotatable Design to optimize the combination of microorganisms and enzymes for biodigestion. The experiment involved testing two microorganisms (EA and EB) and five enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, and amyloglucosidase) with food waste from nearby restaurants and WWTP sludge as an inoculant. The experiment was set up as Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) 26‐1, with 50 trials and a concentration of 14.5 g of volatile solids per liter. The dependent variables of cumulative biogas production (BG) and cumulative biomethane production (BM) were evaluated. The results showed that the independent variables EB and CA had negative and significant effects on BG and BM production. With optimized process conditions, the bioaccelerator significantly improved BG and BM responses compared to control trials by 72% and 88%, respectively. The biodigestion technique is a viable option for the treatment of organic waste, and the use of bioaccelerators may be a promising approach to improving biodigestion processes. This study contributes to the ongoing research on anaerobic digestion and biodigester technology, which seeks to improve the sustainable management of organic waste while producing renewable energy.

Early Environmental Awareness Character Education Through Ecoenzyme-Making Training For Telkom Padang Elementary School Students

Environmental education needs to be introduced early on to students from elementary school so that it becomes a provision for every student to have a caring attitude in protecting the environment so that the earth remains sustainable. One of the efforts was carried out through ecoenzyme training for elementary school residents and training students in organic waste management to be useful again. This activity was carried out in the Telkom Padang Elementary School (SD), Padang City, West Sumatra. It consists of two stages of activity, namely counseling on organic waste management and the practice of making ecoenzyme. The implementation of these activities went well for three months from November 2022 to February 2023. The results of this activity were educating elementary school students about the importance of preserving the environment by processing waste into ecoenzymes and forming a positive character of loving the environment from an early age in students and residents school.