Orem's Self-Care Research Articles

The Impact of Orem’s Self-Care Model on the Quality of Life in Patients with Type II Diabetes in Ilam

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that reduces the quality of life(QOL) in patients. Therefore, this research aimed to the effect of Orem's self-care model on the quality of life(QOL) in patients with type II diabetes at Ilam, Iran. A quasi-experimental study was performed on 80 patients with type II diabetes in Ilam in the year 2015. The research tools used in this study were a demographic questionnaire and the SF-36 survey. The patients were divided randomly into control and experimental groups. Orem's self-care programme was performed in six 60-90 minute sessions for six weeks in the experimental group. The data were analysed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the mean and standard deviation of the quality of life in the experimental group before and after the intervention were 47.1 ± 9.21 and 67.91 ± 12.87 respectively, which was statistically significant (P 0.05). Regarding the effectiveness of self-care programmes based on Orem's theory on the quality of life (QOL) in patients with diabetes, it is suggested that in nursing care this self-care programme can be used for patients with diabetes to improve their (QOL).

A Foundational Analysis of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory and Evaluation of Its Significance for Nursing Practice and Research.

In-depth understanding of the ontological and epistemological assumptions of nursing theories can be achieved through theory analysis. Several theory analysis criteria have been proposed for examining ontological and epistemological assumptions, but there are limited examples of actual analysis of these assumptions. This article presents an analysis of the ontological and epistemological assumptions of Dorothea Orem's selfcare theory and evaluates its significance for nursing practice and research.

Effect of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory on self-care ability and life quality of patient with hepatic carcinoma undergoing TACE

Objective To observe the effect of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory on selfcare ability and life quality of patient with hepatic carcinoma undergoing TACE.Methods The data of 84 patients with hepatic carcinoma undergoing TACE from October 2012 to October 2014 in the hospital was retrospectively analyzed.And 40 patients from October 2012 to October 2013 received conventional nursing were as control group,while those received Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory nursing from November 2013 to October 2014 were as observation group.Self-care ability and life quality were compared between the two groups.Results The self-care ability and life quality in observation group were much better than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory nursing intervention can improve self-care ability and the quality of life of patients.So it is worthy of clinical promotion.

The Effect of a Self-care Training Program based on Orem Model on Anxiety in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), as one of the major causes of disability in the world, is a chronic and progressive disease of the central nervous system which can cause depression in patients. Hence, self-care methods are of special importance for MS patients. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the effect of a self-care training program based on Orem model on depression in patients with MS. Materials and methods: In the present clinical trial, 88 patients with multiple sclerosis who were a member of the MS Association of Zahedan were selected as the sample based on the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two intervention and control groups of 44. Based on the needs of patients, 9 sessions of a training program based on Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory were designed and implemented. The extent to which this training program was used by patients was evaluated using a self-reporting checklist. Before and 3 months after the intervention, the depression level of patients was measured using DASS21 questionnaire. All obtained data and information were statistically analyzed using the independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square in SPSS-16. Results: The mean score of depression in the intervention and control groups was not significantly different before the intervention (P> 0.05). In addition, the mean anxiety scores change before and after the intervention was higher in the intervention compared to the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: According to the study findings, it can be stated that implementation of self-care training programs based on Orem model can reduce depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Considering the limitations of the present study, further studies are recommended to be conducted in this regard.

Intervenções de enfermagem para promoção do autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes tipo 2: revisão integrativa

Revisão integrativa com objetivo de identificar e analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura acerca das intervenções de enfermagem para promoção do autocuidado às pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), MEDLINE (via EBSCO), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e SCOPUS. O levantamento dos artigos ocorreu nos meses de julho e agosto de 2015 por dois revisores independentes. A busca inicial identificou 239 artigos e, ao final, oito atenderam aos critérios de seleção. A educação em saúde destacou-se como campo estratégico para implementação das intervenções de enfermagem. As intervenções realizadas com acompanhamento do paciente e que disponibilizaram mais tempo de cuidado obtiveram resultados satisfatórios quanto às práticas de autocuidado. A Teoria do Déficit de Autocuidado de Orem é indicada como um guia para direcionar o educador no autocuidado de diabéticos.

Systematic review of measurement properties of self-reported instruments for evaluating self-care in adults.

The aims of this study were as follows: to identify instruments developed to assess self-care in healthy adults; to determine the theory on which they were based; their validity and reliability properties and to synthesize the evidence on their measurement properties. Many instruments have been developed to assess self-care in many different populations and conditions. Clinicians and researchers should select the most appropriate self-care instrument based on the knowledge of their measurement properties. Systematic review of measurement instruments according to the protocol recommended by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) panel. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to December 2015. Studies testing measurement properties of self-report instruments assessing self-care in healthy adults, published in the English language and in peer review journals were selected. Two reviewers independently appraised the methodological quality of the studies with the COSMIN checklist and the quality of results using specific quality criteria. Twenty-six articles were included in the review testing the measurement properties of nine instruments. Seven instruments were based on Orem's Self-care theory. Not all the measurement properties were evaluated for the identified instruments. No self-care instrument showed strong evidence supporting the evaluated measurement properties. Despite the development of several instruments to assess self-care in the adult population, no instrument can be fully recommended to clinical nurses and researchers. Further studies of high methodological quality are needed to confirm the measurement properties of these instruments.

Self-Care Agency Power Components Among Patients with Heart Failure: A Qualitative Directed Content Analysis Based on the Orem Self-Care Theory

Self-Care Agency Power Components Among Patients with Heart Failure: A Qualitative Directed Content Analysis Based on the Orem Self-Care Theory

Self-Care Agency Power Components Among Patients with Heart Failure: A Qualitative Directed Content Analysis Based on the Orem Self-Care Theory

Self-Care Agency Power Components Among Patients with Heart Failure: A Qualitative Directed Content Analysis Based on the Orem Self-Care Theory

A Middle-Range Explanatory Theory of Self-Management Behavior for Collaborative Research and Practice

To report an analysis of the concept of self-management behaviors. Self-management behaviors are typically associated with disease management, with frequent use by nurse researchers related to chronic illness management and by international health organizations for development of disease management interventions. A concept analysis was conducted within the context of Orem's self-care framework. Walker and Avant's eight-step concept analysis approach guided the analysis. Academic databases were searched for relevant literature including CIHAHL, Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews and Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO, and SocINDEX. Literature using the term "self-management behavior" and published between April 2001 and March 2015 was analyzed for attributes, antecedents, and consequences. A total of 189 journal articles were reviewed. Self-management behaviors are defined as proactive actions related to lifestyle, a problem, planning, collaborating, and mental support, as well as reactive actions related to a circumstantial change, to achieve a goal influenced by the antecedents of physical, psychological, socioeconomic, and cultural characteristics, as well as collaborative and received support. The theoretical definition and middle-range explanatory theory of self-management behaviors will guide future collaborative research and clinical practice for disease management.

Self-Care for Health in Rural Hispanic Women at Risk for Postpartum Depression.

To determine factors that affect self-care of rural Hispanic women at risk for postpartum depression (PPD). This study was a descriptive cross-sectional design based on the key concepts of Orem's Self-care Deficit Nursing theory. Data were collected from 223 Hispanic postpartum women residing in Mecca, North Shore, and Thermal in California by an interviewer-administered survey. Four instruments were utilized: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for PPD, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support for social support, Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) for spirituality, and Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices for self-care. The prevalence of women at risk for PPD was about 43%. Social support, spirituality, and self-care ability were significantly correlated in women with PPD. Social support was a strong factor in predicting self-care ability for 'Nutrition', 'Psychological well-being', 'Exercise', and 'Responsible Health Practices' in the rural Hispanic women at risk for PPD. The study findings can enable nurses and healthcare professionals to develop effective tailored interventions to assist rural Hispanic women's abilities to perform self-care for health, and in particular, during the postpartum period.

Effect of a Program Based on the Orem Self-Care Model on Sleep Quality of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a type of sleep disorder. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing a program based on the Orem self-care model on sleep quality of patients with MS. Patients and Methods: Seventy eight patients referred to the multiple sclerosis association of Zahedan city, Iran, enrolled in the current randomized controlled trial conducted in 2015. The demographics form and Pittsburgh sleep quality index were completed by the patients. The selected patients were then randomly allocated into intervention and control groups (n = 39 for each group). An instructional program consisted of nine, 45 minutes sessions was performed in the intervention group. Afterwards, a three-month follow-up was performed after intervention. When the follow-up ended, the two groups completed the Pittsburgh sleep quality index again. Descriptive statistical tests, independent t-test, Chi-square test and paired t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to mean scores of sleep quality (P = 0.22). Both groups reported a significant improvement in sleep quality three months after intervention (P < 0.05). However, mean score changes of sleep quality before and three months after the intervention were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (P = 0.004), indicating a greater sleep quality improvement in the intervention than the control group. Conclusions: The Orem-based self-care model program can be a useful tool to improve sleep quality of patients with MS. Future studies can be directed to investigate the effects of such interventions on other common problems of patients.

The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Orem Self-Care Model on Family Caregiver's Burden of Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries

هدف افراد خانوادهمراقبت‌کنندهازبیماراندارایصدماتنخاعیبه‌دلیلماهیتوروند طوالنیمراقبتدراینبیماران،درجاتمتفاوتیازرنجو مشقترا تجربه می‌کنندکه اینشرایطمی‌تواندعواقبمتفاوتیرا برایاینمراقبت‌کنند‌گانبه‌دنبالداشته باشد.یکیازعواملمهمدرروندرنج ومشقتاینافراد سطحآگاهی‌شاندرموردروند مراقبتازبیمارشاناست؛ بنابراین،مطالعه حاضرباهدفبررسیتأثیرآموزشمطابق»الگوی خودمراقبتی اورم« بر سطح مشقتورنج افراد خانوادهمراقبت‌کنندهازبیماردارایصدماتنخاعیانجامگردید. روش بررسی مطالعه نیمه‌تجربی حاضربا طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون و باگروهکنترل، روی70 نفراز اعضای اصلی خانواده مراقبت‌کننده از بیماران صدمات نخاعی استان خراسان جنوبی صورت گرفت. واحدهای موردپژوهش به روش تصادفی انتخاب و به دو گروه مداخله و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه مداخله مطابق با برنامه آموزشی اورم در بیماران دارای صدمات نخاعی، در طول 8 جلسه 40 دقیقه‌ای در محل مرکز تحت‌آموزشقرارگرفتند. به‌منظوربررسیرنج ومشقتمراقبت‌کنند‌گان ازپرسشنامه22 سؤالی »زریت« با شاخصرواییمحتوایی)CVI)80 درصد وآلفایکرونباخ79/0 استفادهوپرسشنامه، قبلوبعد ازمداخله درگروهمداخله وکنترلتکمیلشد. نتایجپژوهشبا نسخه16 نرم‌افزار SPSS وآزمون‌هایآماریتوصیفی)فراوانی،درصد فراوانی،میانگینوانحرافمعیار(وتحلیلی)آزمون تی، تحلیلواریانسوضریبهمبستگی پیرسون(موردتجزیه وتحلیلقرارگرفت. یافتههامیانگین رنج ومشقت درمراقبت‌کنند‌گان قبل ازمداخله بین دوگروه تفاوتمعنی‌دارینداشت، اما بعد ازمداخله بین دوگروه تفاوت معنی‌داریمشاهده شد )05/0>P .)تفاوتمیانگینرنج ومشقتقبل)33/0±2/3)وبعد ازمداخله )66/0±11/3)درگروهمداخله معنی‌داربود )05/0>P)که ازتأثیرمثبتآموزشدراینزمینه حکایتدارد. افزایشسنو طولمدتمراقبتوهمچنینسطحدرآمد پایینوبیکاریبه‌طور معنی‌داریبا افزایشسطح رنج ومشقت مراقبت‌کنند‌گان همراهبود)05/0>P .)نتایج به‌دست‌آمدهدرزمینه ارتباطبینمیانگینرنج ومشقت در افرادمراقبت‌کننده با متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی حاکی از آن است که بین رنج و مشقت افرادمراقبت‌کننده با میزان درآمد و شغل، قبل و بعد از مداخله دردوگروه ارتباط معنی‌داری وجوددارد)05/0>P.)همچنین نمره مشقت با طول مدتمراقبت از فرد صدمه‌دیده رابطه مثبت معنی‌داری را نشان می‌داد.هرچه افرادمدت‌زمان بیشتری از فرد صدمه‌دیده مراقبت می‌کردند، نمره مشقت آنها باالتربود)3/0=r و 05/0>P.) همچنیننمرهمشقت با افزایشسن،رابطه مثبت ومعنی‌داریداشته است )3/0=r و 05/0>P .)بیندیگرمتغیرها با نمرهرنج ومشقت ارتباط معنی‌داریمشاهدهنشد )05/0>P.) نتیجهگیرینتایجاینمطالعه نشانمی‌دهدکه آموزشفردمراقبت‌کنندهازبیماردارایصدماتنخاعیدرقالبالگویخودمراقبتیاورممی‌تواند نقشمهمیدرکاهشرنجومشقتتجربه‌شدهدرمراقبت‌کنند‌گاندرطولدورهطوالنیمراقبتداشته باشد.عالوه‌براین،شرایطمالیواشتغال افرادمراقبت‌کننده نیزمی‌تواند عامل ارتباطی مثبتی در میزان رنج و مشقت آنها باشد؛ بنابراین، توصیه می‌شودکه خانواده‌های مراقبت‌کننده از این بیماران تحت‌حمایت و نظارت سازمان‌های حمایت‌کننده اجتماعی ودرمانی قرارگیرند.همچنین با توجه به مراقبت طوالنی موردنیاز این بیماران می‌توان اقداماتی مانند مراقبت درمنزل با حمایت وپشتیبانی مراکز صدماتنخاعی انجامدادتا از فشارمراقبت براعضایخانواده مراقبت‌کنندهکاستهشود.

Re-designing Orem's Self-care Theory for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis.

Background:Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease which has many adverse effects on patients’ life because of its chronic nature. Since Orem's theory of self-care is a grounded theory, the concepts and applications of this theory in patients with chronic hepatitis who have special needs may lead to some challenges. The purpose of this study was to explore self-care in patients with chronic hepatitis.Methods/Design:A directed content analysis was used in this qualitative study. Participants were recruited from a metropolitan area. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The verbatim transcripts of the participants’ interviews were analyzed according to directed content analysis.Results:In this study, four themes, suggested by Orem, were drawn from the data according to directed content analysis. The codes generated from the data were classified into concepts and then the concepts were assigned into these four themes. These themes were needs in the matrix of time and place, self-care agency, need for change in self-care and consequences of hepatitis.Conclusion:The use of Orem's self-care theory cannot meet the need for self-care in hepatitis patients because these patients have vital sexual, respect and belonging, physical, economical, and psychological-behavioral needs, and lack adequate knowledge about self-care. Consequently, the specific self-care model developed in this study helps health professionals identify self-care activities in patients with chronic hepatitis.

Aims and theoretical frameworks in nursing students' Bachelor's theses in Sweden: A descriptive study

Nursing students' independent projects in Sweden not only provide an opportunity to receive a professional qualification as a nurse but also gain a Bachelor's degree in nursing. The aim of these projects is to demonstrate knowledge and understanding within the major field of the education. This study aimed to describe and analyze the topics as well as theoretical frameworks and concepts in nursing students' independent projects, which lead to a Bachelor's degree, in a Swedish context. A total of 491 independent projects, written by nursing students in Sweden, were included in the study. Topics together with theoretical frameworks and concepts in the projects were identified. Similar topics and theoretical frameworks and concepts, respectively, were grouped into subcategories, and similar subcategories were then merged into a main category. The number of entries in each category was counted for descriptive statistics in order to allow for the demonstration of magnitude. The most common topics concerned experiences and managing when having an illness, experiences of care and of being a caregiver, and healthcare staff's care and knowledge. The nursing theories/models that were most often used were Eriksson's Theory of Caritative Caring, Travelbee's Human-to-Human Relationship Model, and Orem's Self-care Theory. Among the non-nursing theories/models, perspectives and concepts lifeworld, ethical values and principles, existential concepts and quality of life/health-related quality of life, were most often used by these students. There may be some difficulty in finding a topic for the project that is relevant for both a professional qualification as a nurse, as well as for achieving the requirements of a Bachelor's degree in nursing. The study indicates that there is a need to widen the student's understanding of different nursing theories/perspectives/models/concepts during nursing education so that students are familiar with a broad range of these when conducting their independent project.

Educación, actividad física y obesidad en adultos con diabetes tipo 2 desde la perspectiva del autocuidado de Orem

Objetivos: describir la relación de la actividad física (pasos/día)/ejercicio con la obesidad (índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura y grasa corporal) en adultos con diabetes tipo 2. Se planteó además: 1) determinar la relación de la educación/comprensión en diabetes con la actividad física/ejercicio, y 2) establecer diferencias de actividad física/ejercicio y obesidad/sobrepeso de acuerdo con variables sociodemográficas. Materiales y métodos: diseño descriptivo correlacional, muestra aleatoria de 124 pacientes de 17 centros comunitarios de Tampico, Tamaulipas, México. Las mediciones incluyeron: podómetro New-Life Style 2000, cuestionarios de autocuidado y Perfil de Cuidado en Diabetes, IMC, CC y grasa corporal. Los datos se analizaron con medidas de tendencia central, correlación de Spearman, prueba U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: el promedio de pasos/día mostró relación inversa con el IMC (rs = - 0,282, p &lt; 0,01) y la CC (rs = - 0,300, p &lt; 0,01). La comprensión en diabetes tuvo relación positiva con el ejercicio (rs = 0,179, p = 0,04). Las mujeres fueron quienes tuvieron mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p &lt; 0,05). Conclusiones: los hallazgos tienen implicaciones importantes para el ejercicio práctico de la profesión de enfermería que juega un papel esencial en el fomento de la actividad física y otros comportamientos básicos de autocuidado a través de la educación. La educación basada en teoría se hace necesaria para el avance en el conocimiento de la disciplina.

Experiences of Parents With the Physical Care Needs at Home of Children With Cancer

Between cancer treatment courses, children who have not developed any complications or neutropenia are sent home until the start of the next treatment protocol. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of parents in the home care of children who had been recently diagnosed with cancer and were undergoing cancer treatment but had been discharged from the hospital between treatment protocols. The study was carried out at Ege University, Turkey. Twelve parents of 12 children between 0 and 18 years of age participated in an in-depth interview. The data were analyzed according to Orem's Self-care Deficit Theory. The main themes were basic conditioning factors, self-care agency, and self-care needs. Some parents changed their place of residence because of the cancer treatment, focused on the recovery of the child, and experienced fear, perception difficulties, and difficulties related to self-care needs. Parents report difficulties with extreme emotions and dilemmas in maintaining their daily routines of life secondary to fear of infection and challenges with feeding their children. A well-planned discharge education, home visits, and telephone consultation interventions are essential to meet the needs of children and their parents who are at home between treatment courses.

Effect of Orem self-care theory on self-care ability and treatment of patients with peptic ulcer

Objective To examine the effect of Orem self-care mode,a trinity of individualized nursing pattern based on Orem self-care theory,on patients with peptic ulcer(PU).Methods Totals of 77 patients with PU were randomly divided into the observation group (n =39) and the control group (n =38).The control group received conventional nursing,while the observation group was intervened by the trinity of individualized nursing pattern based on Orem self-care theory.ESCA and PU healing stage index were used to compare two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference of score in self-care ability,self-care knowledge and self-care skills before intervention (P ＞ 0.05).The score of self-care ability,self-care knowledge and selfcare skills was respectively (126.21 ± 14.31),(42.81 ± 4.97),(36.71 ± 5.56) after intervention in the observation group,higher than (114.52 ± 16.76),(37.42 ± 5.30),(31.78 ± 4.68) in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (t =3.284,3.917,3.602,respectively; P ＜ 0.01).The score of PU healing was also better in the observation group than in the control group,with statistically significant difference (x2 =5.3,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The trinity of individualized nursing pattern based on Orem selfcare theory can improve the self-care ability of patients with peptic ulcer and promote their healing,thus is an effective nursing mode. Key words: Peptic ulcer; Treatment effect; Orem self-care theory; Individualized nursing; Self-care ability

The effects of Orem self-care mode on living ability and postoperative recovery of patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Objective To investigate the application effect of Orem self-nursing mode in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Methods One hundred cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy were divided into the observation group and the control group,the control group was given conventional nursing care,the observation group was given Orem self-care mode based on the control group.Results Postoperative anal exhaust time,pull fistulization time,complications and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Barthel index,comfort,nursing satisfaction after 7d of the operation in the observation group were significantly higher than those in control group,pain score was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Orem selfcare mode could improve the percutaneous nephrolithotomy self-care ability of the patient and family,improve patient's living ability,promote postoperative recovery. Key words: Orem self-care mode; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Living ability; Postoperative recovery

The influence of Orem's serf-care mode on the psychology, birth process and postpartum lactation of parturients with natural delivery

Objective To study the influence of Orem's self-care mode for the psychology,birth process and postpartum lactation of parturients with natural delivery.Methods Ninety four parturients with natural delivery from October 2011 to March 2012 were selected as research object,and they were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 47 cases in each group.The control group was intervened with routine nursing,while the observation group was intervened with Orem's self-care mode,then all the birth process and total birth process,the rate of forceps delivery and postpartum hemorrhage,BSES score and SCL-90 score before and after the intervention at first and forth week of two groups were compared.Results The all the birth process and total birth process of observation group were all shorter than those of control group.The rates of forceps delivery and postpartum hemorrhage were both lower than those of control group.BSES score and SCL-90 score after the intervention at first and forth week were all better than those of control group,all P ＜ 0.05.There were all significant differences.Conclusions The influence of Orem's self-care mode for the psychology,birth process and postpartum lactation of parturients with natural delivery is bigger,and it can comprehensively improve the state of parturients. Key words: Orem's self-care mode; Natural delivery; Psychology; Birth process; Ostpartum lactation

Application of Orem self-care theory in self-nursing education for family members with PICU children

Objective To investigate the application of Orem self-care theory in self-nursing education for family members with PICU children.Methods Totals of 126 family members of children with PICU were selected,and Orem self-care theory was used to assess the nursing problems,made care plan,and adjust the care measures.Then evaluated the nursing satisfaction in family members before and after the application of Orem self-care theory education.Results After the education of Orem self-care theory,the satisfaction of family members with PICU children were improved from 80.0％ to 96.6％,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =14.596,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The application of Orem self-care theory in PICU children and their families can significantly improve their uncomfortable and satisfaction for the nursing care, Key words: Orem self-care; PICU; Family members with children; Self-care education