Oral Cavity Of Children Research Articles

The Influence of the Story DONI AND GIGINYA on Oral Hygiene Behavior in Preschool Children Banyuwangi

Oral hygiene problems that cause damage to the oral cavity in children in Indonesia are still high, reaching 57.6%. So it is very important to pay attention because this is an important growth stage. Damaged teeth can cause delayed tooth development in later life. The method of oral hygiene that attracts the attention of preschool children is the storytelling method. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of stories on oral hygiene behavior in preschool children. This method is quantitative research using a quasi-experimental design (one group pre-test and posttest). The population consisted of 50 individuals, and the sampling technique used was total sampling, using an observation checklist sheet to measure how to brush teeth. Statistical tests use the Wilcoxon Test. The results of the research showed that after the story was given, there was an increase, namely 30 children behaved good, 18 children behaved enough, and 2 children behaved poorly. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results with a value of p=000<0.05, the analysis shows that the story "Doni and Giginya" influences the oral hygiene behavior of preschool children. The story "Doni and Giginya" has been proven to affect increasing children's oral hygiene knowledge and behavior. Therefore, parents or guardians of children can utilize audio-visual media in other forms that have moral messages so that children's knowledge and behavior regarding oral hygiene in particular and health, in general, can increase. Keywords: Stories, Oral Hygiene Behavior, Preschool

Oral biofilm composition and phenotype in caries-active and caries-free children.

During development of dental caries, oral biofilms undergo changes in microbial composition and phenotypical traits. The aim of this study was to compare the acid tolerance (AT) of plaque from two groups of children: one with severe caries (CA) and one with no caries experience (CF) and to correlate this to the microbial composition and metabolic profile of the biofilms. Dental plaque samples from 20 children (2-5 years) in each group were studied. The AT was analyzed by viability assessment after exposure to an acid challenge (pH 3.5), using LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ stain and confocal microscopy. Levels of acid tolerance (AT) were evaluated using a scoring system ranging from 1 (no/low AT), to 5 (high/all AT). Metabolic profiles were investigated following a 20 mM glucose pulse for one hour through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Microbial composition was characterized by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. The mean AT score of the CA group (4.1) was significantly higher than that of the CF group (2.6, p < 0.05). When comparing the end-products of glucose metabolism detected after a glucose-pulse, the CA samples showed a significantly higher lactate to acetate, lactate to formate, lactate to succinate and lactate to ethanol ratio than the CF samples (p < 0.05). The bacterial characterization of the samples revealed 25 species significantly more abundant in the CA samples, including species of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Leptotrichia and Veillonella (p < 0.05). Our results show that AT in pooled plaque from the oral cavity of children with severe caries is increased compared to that in healthy subjects and that this can be related to differences in the metabolic activity and microbial composition of the biofilms. Thus, the overall phenotype of dental plaque appears to be a promising indicator of the caries status of individuals. However, longitudinal studies investigating how the AT changes over time in relation to caries development are needed before plaque AT could be considered as a prediction method for the development of dental caries.

DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STATE OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN

Today, the number of people with diabetes is growing in all age groups both in our country and around the world. Diabetes is one of the most serious diseases in terms of its course and complications. It is known that diabetes destroys all types of metabolism, changes cellular and humoral immunity, is characterized by persistent hemorrhagic and neuromodulatory disorders, and slows down regenerative and reparative processes. The development of diabetic complications is associated with hyperglycemia and pathological changes in the vascular and peripheral nervous system. Studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists have repeatedly shown that the child's body is an integral system and that endocrine disorders are accompanied by changes in various organs and systems, including the dentition. Although periodontal tissues are the main affected organ, other dental lesions, such as caries, inflammatory and infectious diseases of the oral mucosa and salivary glands. They are more common in diabetic patients than in children without somatic lesions. The first and most common symptoms in diabetic patients are dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry lips due to dehydration with polyuria, which is especially noticeable in children with worsening diabetes. Inflammatory periodontal diseases and inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal diseases occupy a special place among the symptoms of diabetes in the oral cavity in diabetic children. Vascular damage is of prime importance in the development of periodontal tissue inflammation in diabetic patients. Microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus enhances the process of bone resorption. The analysis of scientific material shows that there are significant pathological changes in the oral cavity of children with diabetes mellitus, which increase the dynamics of the disease and worsen its course. Therefore, the planning of dental treatment of patients with diabetes at each clinical stage should be based on a clear understanding of all etiological relationships, manifestations of various forms of diabetes in the oral cavity and their relationship with the corrected state of carbohydrate metabolism. A literature search was conducted using the databases Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, MedLine, EMBASE and Global Health.

Microbiological aspects of dental health in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

Background. Oral microbiome actively affects the child’s health and is an available tool for diagnosing and predic­ting dental and systemic diseases. Studying the colonization of the oral cavity by cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacteria, given the congenital, genetically determined decrease in the quality of collagen in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, is an urgent problem. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of cariogenic and periodontopathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity of children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Materials and methods. Clinical studies were conducted with the participation of children aged 2 to 17 years diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta, in whom the level of contamination of the oral cavity with cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacter spp. and periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia was determined. Results. All children with osteogenesis imperfecta were found to have a borderline high level of Streptococcus mutans contamination and the presence of periodontal pathogens of the first order, mainly in the form of monocultures in preclinical concentration, which, against the background of low collagen quality, indicates a sufficiently high risk of developing ­caries and periodontal diseases.

Selected Saliva-Derived Cytokines and Growth Factors Are Elevated in Pediatric Dentofacial Inflammation.

Dentofacial inflammation resulting from untreated dental caries is a serious disease that can spread to deeper tissues of the neck and face. This study aimed to analyze salivary cytokine profiles as potential biomarkers of acute odontogenic infections in children. The study group consisted of 28 children aged 3-17 years old with acute dentofacial infections (DI) and a control group (caries experience, CE) of 52 children aged 4-17 years old with uncomplicated dental caries. The cytokine profile was analyzed using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex kit in the saliva of children in both groups. The levels of IL-4, IL-15, FGF-2, G-CSF, and PDGF-BB were significantly increased in children with dentofacial infections compared to the control group. In contrast, the levels of other cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ, did not show statistically significant differences between these two groups. IL-4, IL-15, FGF-2, G-CSF, and PDGF-BB may serve as potential selective biomarkers of inflammation of the oral cavity in children. These biomarkers can be useful in identifying and monitoring the progress and treatment of bacterial infections resulting in dentofacial inflammation.

Root resorption of primary molars and dental development of premolars in children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta medicated with bisphosphonates, grouped according to age and gender

BackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited disorder characterized by bone fragility and skeletal alterations. The administration of bisphosphonates (BPs) to patients with OI reduces pain, thereby improving their quality of life. The main mechanism of action of BPs is the inhibition of osteoclast action. In the oral cavity of children with OI during growth and development, physiological processes that require the function of osteoclasts occur. The aim of this investigation was to study the dental development of premolars and the root resorption of primary molars in children with OI medicated with BPs according to age and sex.MethodsAn observational and analytical study was designed. The study sample consisted of 26 6- to 12-year-old children with a confirmed diagnosis of OI treated with BPs with available panoramic radiographs. The control group consisted of 395 children with available panoramic radiographs. Both groups were divided into subgroups according to sex and age. The third quadrant was studied, focusing on the first left temporary molar (7.4), the second left temporary molar (7.5), the first left permanent premolar (3.4) and the second left permanent premolar (3.5). The Demirjian method was used to study the dental development of 3.4 and 3.5, and the Haavikko method was used to study the root resorption of 7.4 and 7.5. The Mann‒Whitney U test was used for comparisons, and p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsThe mean chronological age of the 421 patients was 9.21 years (95% CI 9.05–9.37). The sample was reasonably balanced by sex, with 52.5% (221 patients) boys versus 47.5% (200 patients) girls. Delayed exfoliation and tooth development were described in children with OI (p = 0.05). According to sex, the root resorption of primary molars and tooth development were significantly lower in boys in both groups and in girls in the OI group, but the differences between the age groups were not significant.ConclusionsChildren with OI treated with BPs exhibit delayed dental development of the premolars and delayed root resorption of the primary molars. Boys exhibited delays in both variables, but the differences by age subgroup were not significant. These clinical findings support the importance of clinically and radiographically monitoring the dental development and root resorption of primary teeth in children with OI treated with BPs to avoid alterations of the eruptive process.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies Among the Pediatric Population at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: Pediatric dental anomalies refer to irregularities or abnormalities in the development, structure, or positioning of the teeth in the oral cavity of children. These anomalies can encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the number, size, shape, and structure of teeth. In Karachi, there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence of dental anomalies in children. Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in the pediatric population of the Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 278 children aged between 3 and 12 years. The socio-demographic and thorough medical history were recorded on a predesigned performa. The diagnosis of all dental anomalies was based on clinical interpretation using sterilized mouth mirrors, probes, or tongue depressors. Difficult cases were addressed by senior faculty members. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 19. Descriptive statistics were used to present the frequency and Mean ± SD. Result: The prevalence of dental anomalies was 7.4%. in the study area. Male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1. Boys exhibited a higher prevalence of 10.05% compared to girls (4.3%). Peg Lateral Incisors and Fusion/Gemination were the most common anomalies among both genders. Dilaceration, Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Talon Cusp, Anodontia, and supernumerary Tooth (disto-molar) were not identified in either boys or girls. The highest number of dental anomalies was recorded at ages 11 and 12 years. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental anomalies was high in the study area, underscoring the significance of early diagnosis and careful management to prevent complications.

Pediatric oral pathology in Saudi Arabia: A 10-year retrospective study at an academic dental hospital

IntroductionPediatric oral pathology encompasses a wide range of diseases and conditions affecting the oral cavity in children. In this study we conducted an analysis on a dataset from one academic center in Saudi Arabia to investigate the prevalence of various oral lesions in pediatric patients. MethodsTo conduct this study we analyzed oral pathology reports of pediatric patients (age range: 0–18 years) who underwent biopsies at our institution’s oral pathology laboratory between January 2012 and December 2022. The data we collected included demographic information and diagnostic findings. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the prevalence rates of and associations between different variables. ResultsThe study analyzed a total of 183 pediatric cases with oral pathologies. The most common conditions observed were mucocele (12 %), periapical granuloma (7.7 %), dentigerous cyst (6.6 %), and radicular cyst (6.6 %). Some conditions showed variations in prevalence based on age and gender. For example, mucoceles were more prevalent among patients who were 6–12 years of age and female. ConclusionThis retrospective study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and demographic characteristics of pediatric oral pathologies. By understanding the prevalence of conditions in this population and recognizing differences in distribution compared with those cited in other studies, we highlighted the importance of considering regional and demographic influences. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate factors that may contribute to these variations.

Co-colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp. in children with malignancies

This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and Candida spp. in the oral cavity of children with malignancies under chemotherapy. We evaluated the expression level of Als3p and mecA in Candida spp. and MRSA strains in both single colonization and co-colonization condition. Oral and nasal samples were collected by dry sponge swabs in 10 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline. The MRSA and Candida spp. was confirmed using the PCR method and mecA and Als3p genes, respectively. The SYBR Green-based quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate the relative expression levels of mecA and Als3p genes in MRSA and Candida spp., respectively. The frequency of S. aureus in oral-only and nasal-only swab samples were 14.1% (n = 24/170). 58.3% (n = 14/24) and 29.2% (n = 7/24) of S. aureus isolated from oral and nasal samples were MRSA, respectively. Among Candida species, C. albicans (n = 28/170; 16.5%) had the highest frequency. The oral co-colonization of MRSA and Candida spp. was detected in 4.7% (n = 8/170) patients. The overall average of gene expression levels among all Candida spp. and MRSA isolates indicated that the mecA and Als3p genes expression increased six and two times in co-colonization conditions compared to single colonization conditions, respectively. Our findings revealed the importance of polymicrobial infection in clinical settings and stated that it is possible that Candida spp. facilitates the infection of S. aureus and can lead to systemic infection in co-colonized patients.

The Influence of Nystatin and Argon Laser Combination on Candida Albicans and Actinomycetes Isolated from Oral Cavity of Children

The present study has been undertaken to illustrate the effect of argon laser and nystatin on isolated candida albican andActinomycetes from oral cavity of children. Out of 20 samples, positive cultures were 26 bacterial samples and 12 fungussamples, the isolated bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus ,klebseilla pneumonias ,and streptococcus viridans .The isolated fungi included candida albican and Actinomycetes. The present study shows that determination of minimal inhibitoryconcentrations of nystatin ranged from 1-12 i.u./ml in sabroud agar plates were prepared and cultured with tested fungi ,incubatedat 25 oC for 24-48 hrs.The candida albican and Actinomycetes fungi exposed to argon ion (Ar+) laser after focal with a lens of(15) cm after focal point for periods of time(1,1.5,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16)min, and shows the effect of combination between nystatin and laser light.The result showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations of nystatin for candida albican were 1-12 i.u./ml but the minimal inhibitory concentrations of nystatin for Actinomycetes were 3-12 i.u./ml .Also it is found that candida albican completely killed after exposure to argon laser for 12-16 minutes. While Actinomycetes completely killed after exposure to argon laser for 10-16 minutes.The combination between laser and nystatin were more effective,all candida albican isolated from oral cavity were killedafter exposure to (argon laser light , nystatin combination) for 10 minutes / 7 i.u./ml, while all Actinomycetes killed after exposureto (argon laser light ,nystatin combination) for 6 minutes/5 i.u./ml .The widly uses of laser in oral and dental treatment encourages to further investigations . Recent advances has shown the save and destructive results by using laser open the hopes to introduce laserstrongly in treatment of oral and dental diseases

The influence of type 1 diabetes on the hard dental tissues and the development of caries (literature review)

An electronic search for articles was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library databases from January 2001 to August 2023 using keywords mentioned in the terms of diabetes impact on dental ca­ries, enamel, dentin, salivary glands, oral microbiome. A search ­using the keywords “dental caries” and “type 1 diabetes” was done in articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of English- and Ukrainian-language literary sources. The search for articles was focused on clear descriptions of the possible mechanisms of diabetes effect on the hard dental tissues. The analysis included articles with the results of clinical and experimental studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews written in English and Ukrainian according to the selected keywords; articles that explain the impact of diabetes on the hard dental tissues; articles that provide strong evidence of oral disease associated with type 1 diabetes. The article presents the results of the literary review of sources — clinical and experimental studies, meta-analyses and systematic analyzes regarding the impact of type 1 diabetes on the state of the hard dental tissues. The literature presents conflicting data on the prevalence of caries in children with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy children. Most research show that the level of metabolic control of diabetes and the age of children are associated with a high risk of developing caries. Data are presented on the potential risk of diabetes impact on the state of the hard dental tissues and possible mechanisms of developing caries. The authors consider disease-modifying risk factors such as impaired salivation, buffering capacity of saliva, changes in the oral microbiome, which lead to structural and biomechanical changes in the hard dental tissues. Modifiable risk factors such as eating habits, educational measures that directly affect the characteristics of individual hygiene, as well as regular professional control of the oral health, led to a decrease in the prevalence and severity of caries in children with type 1 diabetes. The conducted analysis indicates the need for further research to assess the health status of the oral cavity in children with type 1 diabetes.

Colonization resistance of buccal epitheliocytes as an indicator of mucosal immune homeostatic resources in children with recurrent respiratory diseases

Of particular interest is the study of colonization resistance of the oral cavity as a physiological phenomenon that reflects the ability of the microbiota and macroorganism in cooperation to protect the ecosystem of the oral cavity from pathogens. Purpose is to evaluate the significance of indicators of colonization resistance of buccal epithelial cells as a marker of homeostatic resources of mucosal immunity in recurrent respiratory diseases in children. Material and methods. 232 (5–16 years old) children were examined, including 56 children with acute bronchitis, 73 with recurrent bronchitis, 103 with community-acquired pneumonia. The control group included 31 apparently healthy children of the same age and sex. Used: conventional paraclinical and laboratory-instrumental methods, etiological verification of viruses and bacteria, colonization index and artificial colonization of buccal epitheliocytes, antiadhesive activity of saliva. Results. 64.38% of children with recurrent bronchitis and 72.82% of children with community-acquired pneumonia were born from an aggravated pregnancy and already at 3 months had signs of acute respiratory diseases. Viral antigens were detected in 63.36% of children. An inverse relationship was found between the indicators of artificial colonization and adhesion of Candida albicans on buccal epithelial cells — the lower the values of artificial colonization, the more often pneumonia and recurrent bronchitis were recorded. A significant decrease in saliva antiadhesion was found in recurrent bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia, significantly different not only from the control, but also from patients with acute bronchitis. This contingent of patients finds itself in extremely unfavorable conditions due to the disruption of the adaptive reserves of the mucosal defense of the body. Conclusion. A decrease in the index of colonization, antiadhesive activity of saliva against the background of increasing parameters of artificial colonization in children with recurrent bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia indicate deep dysbiosis. The high significance of screening approaches in assessing the homeostatic resources of mucosal protection of the oral cavity in children with bronchopulmonary pathology has been proven.

Molecular Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Parasites in Oral Cavity of Children with Malignancies in Western Iran.

This survey was designed to study the molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in children with underlying malignancies and those on chemotherapy in Lorestan province, West of Iran. The present cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on children who suffering from different types of malignancies or receiving treatment by chemotherapy referring to oncology section of hospitals of Lorestan Province, Iran during May 2021 to April 2022. The frequency of oral cavity protozoa was investigated using microscopic and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E. gingivalis and T. tenax parasites were found in 23 (25.5%) by microscopic method and 28 (31.1%) using PCR in children with malignancy. Among positive samples, 20 (71.4%) were infected with E. gingivalis; whereas 8 (28.6%) of the participants were positive for T. tenax. In the multivariate model, living in rural regions (OR= 3.437; 95% CI= 1.22-9.63; p=0.019) and using mouthwash (OR= 0.082; 95% CI= 0.018-0.37; p<0.001) were significantly related with the frequency of oral cavity parasites. Our results showed the high frequency of oral cavity parasites in children who suffering malignancies or receiving treatment by chemotherapy in Lorestan province, Iran. The awareness of the main risk factors for oral cavity parasites particularly using mouthwash is necessary in improving public and oral health strategies in children with cancer. Consequently, oncologist and dental practitioners must be aware to identify and manage oral health concerns in in children who suffering from different types of malignancies to prevent the oral diseases and infections.

Herbal Toothpaste Extracts (Betel Leaf, Lime, and Salt) to Reduce Plaque

Data from the 2018 Riskesdas reported that 96.5% of the 10-14 years old group had good tooth brushing behavior, namely brushing their teeth every day. However, from this percentage, only 2.1% brushed their teeth at the right time. Plaque cannot be removed be simply rinsing and sprying water. Plaque can only be completely removed by mechanical means. Herbal toothpaste is toothpaste that contains natural ingredients such as extracts (betel leaf, lime and salt). The addition of herbs to toothpaste is expected to inhibit plaque growth. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of herbal toothpaste with betel leaf extract, lime juice and salt to reduce plaque in grade IV children at Pudak Payung 01 Elementary School.The type of research used was descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Namely by examining the plaque directly into the oral cavity of children who are research respondents. The results showed that the herbal extract paste (betel leaf, lime, and salt) was more effective and most significant in reducing the dental plaque score, which decreased by 22.2 with an average decrease in score of 1.2. It is hoped that children at Pudak Payung 01 Elementary School can always maintain healthy teeth and mouth by using herbal extract tooth paste (betel leaf, lime and salt).

Assessment of the hygiene of the oral cavity in children of primary school age in Kyrgyzstan using dental indices

Assessment of the hygiene of the oral cavity in children of primary school age in Kyrgyzstan using dental indices

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO SUPPORT HOMEOSTASIS OF THE ORAL CAVITY BEFORE URANOPLASTY IN CHILDREN WITH CLEFT PALATE

The scientific publications are constantly active in improving the complexes of therapeutic and preventive measures in children with congenital indivisible palate, which are aimed at improving the quality of their life at all stages of observation. This issue is of particular relevance when it comes to surgery, which requires a well-balanced evaluation of somatic and local status in order to create favorable conditions for healing of the wound after radical uranostaphyloplasty.&#x0D; The purpose of work: The optimization of correction of homeostasis of oral cavity in children with indivisible palate before surgery.&#x0D; It has been continued monitoring of 21 patients aged 4 to 6 years with congenital indivisibility of the palate, which in the presence of anatomical violations was divided into two groups with a one -sided vaccination of 12 people and bilateral 11.&#x0D; A comprehensive analysis of the primary results of the examination allowed them to determine in them decreasing the production of oral fluid and the violation of its qualitative properties, which led to changes in physicochemical, biochemical parameters. This prompted us to develop and test a complex of treatment and preventive measures during the preoperative period during the month. Its use in children with unilateral clefts allowed to partially normalizing the rate of salivation, the concentration of hydrogen ions in the oral fluid, its optical density, viscosity. In this case, the activity of α amylase was reduced by 1.3 times, and the number of medium mass molecules, the level of sialic acids, the content of total protein, oxyproline remained less in 1.2; 1.3; 1.3; 1.2 times, respectively, compared to the previous examination. The magnesium rate increased slightly, the phosphorus content of it increased by 1.3 times, the calcium-phosphorus coefficient and the mineralizing potential of the oral fluid were by 1.3 and 1.2 times, respectively, but they did not reach the control values.&#x0D; At the same time, children with bilateral non -growing palate during this period of examination have been able to achieve relative normalization of only the rate of salivation, pH, and mouth viscosity. There was an improvement in its optical density, the level of medium mass molecules, sialic acids and the total protein content by 1.3 times. The activity of α-amylase fell by 1.2 times, and the amount of oxyproline decreased by 1.4 times.&#x0D; The content of magnesium and calcium in it increased by 1.4 times, as well as the calcium-phosphorus coefficient. This traced the fall in phosphorus by 1.2 times, which was accompanied by an increase in the degree of mineralization of the potential of the mouth fluid by 1.5 times. In this way, we have achieved the goal.

Risk Factors for Erosive-ulcer Diseases of the Mouth in Children

Erosive-ulcer diseases of the oral cavity in children reach 9% of the prevalence among inflammatory diseases of the dentition and have a tendency to recur and chronicize the process. At the same time, the issues of etiopathogenesis remain unresolved to the end, and therefore the purpose of this work is to study the risk factors for the occurrence of erosive-ulcer lesions (EUL). Her study was conducted on the basis of the National Center for Maternity and Child Welfare. A retrospective analysis of the histories was carried out — 548 children who underwent inpatient treatment in the department of maxillofacial surgery. 100 patients with relapses of oral EUL were observed on an outpatient basis in the department of gastroenterology, where they underwent an in-depth clinical, laboratory and instrumental study. Risk factors were studied using a specially designed questionnaire. In the course of the study, it turned out that the EUL of the oral cavity in children is mainly found in preschool children, no special differences in the sex composition were found. It was revealed that the first significant factor is the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract up to 1 year (OR=324.927, PPV=92%, p&lt;0.05). Next in rank significance (descending OR value — odds ratio) are neonatal pathology (OR=67.992, PPV=91%, p&lt;0.05), nutrition quality (OR=47.861, PPV=94%, p&lt;0.05 ), diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in relatives (OR=19.636, PPV=91%, p&lt;0.05), diet (OR=4.644, PPV=89%, p&lt;0.05), feeding (OR=3.597, PPV= 88%, p&lt;0.05) and the course of pregnancy (OR=1.751, PPV=86%, p&lt;0.05). This study allows you to focus on the most significant risk factors and continue the study to find the most optimal, affordable methods of research and treatment at all levels of healthcare. Considering the foregoing, the contingent of patients with erosive and ulcerative diseases of the cavity require observation not only by dentists, but also by pediatricians, family doctors and gastroenterologists.

The abundance of lysozyme, lactoferrin and cystatin S in the enamel pellicle of children – Potential biomarkers for caries?

ObjectiveIn this study, the abundance of the protective salivary proteins lysozyme, lactoferrin, and cystatin S was quantified in the in situ formed pellicle of caries-free and caries-active children to determine whether they may be possible biomarkers for caries. DesignPellicle formation was performed in situ for 10 min on ceramic specimens from the oral cavity of children (5–8 years) with caries (n = 17) and without evidence of caries (n = 17). Additionally, unstimulated saliva was collected. Levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and cystatin S were measured in desorbed pellicle eluates and saliva using ELISA. ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence of cystatin S and lysozyme in saliva and pellicle between caries-active and caries-free children. However, significantly higher amounts of lactoferrin were detected in the pellicle of caries-active children. ConclusionThe protective salivary protein lactoferrin may be a biomarker for caries susceptibility in children.

COMMON VIRAL INFECTIONS INCLUDING CORONA (COVID INFECTION ) IN CHILDREN - A REVIEW

Oral cavity of children is often encountered by a wide range of viral infections but receive less attention as it is generally present as an unspecific symptom of several diseases that leads to its diagnostic challenges.Thus, this article focuses on the clinical presentation i.e. both oral and systemic manifestations of the infection, their diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment that can give a thorough knowledge to the pediatric dentists about some commonly encountered viral infections in the child,and can help them for carrying out a multidisciplinary approach with the general practitioners and specialists for the proper diagnosis and effective treatment of the child.

Study Regarding the Optimal Dimension of Intraoral Bitewing Radiographs in Patients with Primary Dentition.

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum dimensions of a radiographic plate to allow correct visualization of dental tissues and correct fit in the oral cavity of children with deciduous dentition. A quasi-experimental clinical study was carried out in children of both sexes aged between 3 and 5 years. The study variables were the complete visualization of the dental structures, the surveillance of ischemia on soft tissues, stimulation of the gag reflex, and acceptance of the radiographic plate by the pediatric patient through a validated visual analogue scale that measures anxiety. The data obtained were subjected to a descriptive and comparative statistical analysis carried out for both study phases. A total of 80 children participated in the study. The optimal dimensions obtained for the radiographic plate were 19.5 mm in height and 27.3 mm in width. Visualization of the dental tissues during both phases was not statistically significant (p = 0.412). However, there were statistically significant differences regarding the presence of ischemia, gag reflex, and child rejection (p &lt; 0.001). A smaller radiographic plate allows correct visualization of the coronal dental tissues without causing rejection, ischemia, or gag reflex in patients in the deciduous dentition.