The abundance of lysozyme, lactoferrin and cystatin S in the enamel pellicle of children – Potential biomarkers for caries?

Abstract

ObjectiveIn this study, the abundance of the protective salivary proteins lysozyme, lactoferrin, and cystatin S was quantified in the in situ formed pellicle of caries-free and caries-active children to determine whether they may be possible biomarkers for caries. DesignPellicle formation was performed in situ for 10 min on ceramic specimens from the oral cavity of children (5–8 years) with caries (n = 17) and without evidence of caries (n = 17). Additionally, unstimulated saliva was collected. Levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and cystatin S were measured in desorbed pellicle eluates and saliva using ELISA. ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence of cystatin S and lysozyme in saliva and pellicle between caries-active and caries-free children. However, significantly higher amounts of lactoferrin were detected in the pellicle of caries-active children. ConclusionThe protective salivary protein lactoferrin may be a biomarker for caries susceptibility in children.