Opulus Fruit Research Articles

АНТИКОАГУЛЯЦИОННАЯ И АНТИАГРЕГАЦИОННАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ФИТОЭКСТРАКТОВ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ: IN VITRO СКРИНИНГ-ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ

Objective: In vitro evaluate the antiaggregation and anticoagulation properties of aqueous plant extracts, including Viburnum opulus flowers and fruits, Urtica dioica leaves, Coffea arabica leaves, and shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) herb. Methods: In vitro assessment of anticoagulation activity was conducted by examining the impact on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and fibrinogen levels. Anti-aggregation activity was evaluated using the Born turbidimetric method. Results: The research found that the phytoextracts examined did not impact the concentration of fibrinogen and PT. However, they did slightly prolong the APTT, and this effect was statistically significant compared to the control. Coffea arabica leaves, and Viburnum opulus fruit extracts showed substantial anticoagulant activity (30% and 29% sodium heparin, respectively; p-value <0.05 for both). Extracts of Viburnum opulus fruits and Coffea arabica leaves significantly prolong the latent period before collagen-induced platelet aggregation by up to 116.7% and 118.8% of the intact platelet index, respectively. Every sample analyzed showed a significant decrease in the maximum platelet aggregation amplitude compared to the control. The most notable impact was with Urtica dioica and Coffea arabica leaf extracts, which reduced the percentage to 85.9% and 89.2% of the control, respectively. These extracts exhibited 77.6% and 59.7% of the effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid, with Coffea arabica extract showing a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to the reference drug. All plant extracts, except Capsella bursa-pastoris extract, which reduced this indicator, significantly prolonged the time needed to reach maximum aggregation. Coffea arabica extract had the most significant impact, showing 223.8% of the efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid (p<0.05). The extracts (excluding Capsella bursa-pastoris) significantly decreased the platelet aggregation rate. The most notable impact was observed with extracts of Viburnum opulus flowers and Coffea arabica leaves, which yielded an inhibitory effect on the rate of aggregation of acetylsalicylic acid (-10%/min relative to intact platelets, p<0.05), reducing aggregation rate by -5.2% and -6%/min compared to control, respectively. Conclusion: The samples analyzed in our study show weak anticoagulation activity, with the most noticeable effects in extracts of coffee leaves and viburnum fruits. Additionally, we found that the antiaggregation activity of the extracts of coffee leaves, nettles, and viburnum fruits was much more substantial, comparable to or even surpassing the effect of acetylsalicylic acid in some cases. Keywords: Anticoagulation properties, antiaggregation activity, Viburnum opulus, Urtica dioica, Coffea arabica, Capsella bursa-pastoris.

Development of industrial technology of plant substance of viburnum opulus fruit liquid extract

Nowadays, the development of domestic herbal medicines for the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system remains one of the current problems in the health care system of Ukraine. Some types of plant raw materials that can be successfully used in the complex therapy of cardiovascular diseases include viburnum fruits (Viburnum opulus L.). Pharmacological activity, the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cardioprotective properties of the extract developed on their basis from the fruits of the viburnum opulus fruit liquid extract (VOFLE) have studied by preclinical in vitro researches.
 The aim of the work was the development of industrial technology of the domestic plant substance Viburnum opulus fruit liquid extract (VOFLE) for the purpose of it further introduction into the tablet dosage form.
 Experimental samples of viburnum opulus fruits of domestic origin were used as object of research, harvested in the experimental fields of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (Kharkiv region) to obtain the plant substance VOFLE. Physicochemical and pharmacotechnological methods of research have been used in our work.
 As a result of physical, chemical and pharmacotechnological researches, a domestic plant substance – Viburnum opulus fruit liquid extract (VOFLE) has been developed and standardized by extracting viburnum fruits (Viburni opuli fructus) by water-ethanol mixture 50% at the general ratio of raw material: extractant – 1:10, the analysis of each production stage of the technological process was carried out in order to establish the main technological parameters that are subjected to monitoring during the introduction of plant substances in industrial production and during the validation of the technological process.
 The technology of the domestic herbal substance viburnum opulus fruit liquid extract (VOFLE) obtaining was theoretically justified and experimentally developed with the aim of its further introduction into a tablet medicinal form of cardioprotective and membrane-stabilizing activity. A technological block diagram was developed with the definition of its main critical stages of the production process of the herbal substance, as well as a production equipment scheme, which was tested in industrial conditions of the LLC «Pharmaceutical Company "Zdorovya"», Kharkiv.

Membrane-stabilizing properties of Viburnum opulus fruit liquid extract and cardioprotective effect of tablets based on it

Aim. To study the membrane-stabilizing properties of Viburnum opulus fruit liquid extract (VOFLE) and the cardioprotective activity of “Viburnikor” tablets developed on the basis of VOFLE. Materials and methods. Membrane-stabilizing properties of VOFLE were studied according to the Jager F.C. method in rats with determination of the spontaneous hemolysis degree caused by peroxide oxidation of erythrocyte membranes lipids. VOFLE (50, 100, 150 mg/kg), reference drugs Quercetin (200 mg/kg) and vitamin E (50 mg/kg) were administered to animals intragastrically (i/g) for 7 days. Adrenaline myocardiodystrophy was reproduced in rats by a single subcutaneous injection of adrenaline hydrochloride (0.18 % solution) in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg (0.28 ml/kg) of the body weight. Thirty (30) white male rats with an initial weight of 230-270 g, aged 6-6.5 months were used in the experiment. “Viburnikor” tablets (100 and 150 mg/kg of the VOFLE content) and Quercetin (200 mg/kg) were administered i/g for 7 days, the last time 1 hour before the cardiotoxin administration. The activity of the drugs was evaluated by the survival of animals, the functional state of the myocardium (ECG studies), the effect on the heart mass ratio, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the level of active products interacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-AP), the content of reduced glutathione (RG) and catalase activity in the heart homogenate. Results and discussion. The VOFLE studied showed the most pronounced membrane-stabilizing effect in the doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg, respectively, 22 and 34 %, the intensity of which was not inferior to the reference drugs Quercetin (26 %) and vitamin E (28 %). On the model of catecholamine myocardiodystrophy, “Viburnikor” tablets (100 and 150 mg/kg) contributed to the improvement of the heart function, as evidenced by the normalization of electrocardiographic parameters and heart mass ratio to the level of intact animals. It has been shown that the cardioprotective properties of “Viburnikor” tablets are exhibited by detecting anticytolic (decrease in the AST activity to the level of intact control) and antioxidant action (decrease in the level of TBA-AP in the myocardium of animals by 31 % (p<0.05) and 33 % (p<0.05), respectively, and a 1.6- and 1.7-fold increase in RG (p<0.05) and catalase (p<0.05) versus the control pathology). Conclusions. It has been proven that the most pronounced membrane-stabilizing effect of the VOFLE studied is in the doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg. Cardioprotective properties of “Viburnikor” tablets have been determined on the model of catecholamine myocardiodystrophy by revealing anticytolic and antioxidant effects. By the intensity of the membrane-stabilizing and cardioprotective activity of the drugs studied, VOFLE and “Viburnikor” tablets are not inferior to the reference drugs.

Substantiation of the efficiency of the method for processing viburnum by the method of osmotic dehydration

In the process of any food production, it is important not only to obtain a high quality product, but also to minimize industrial waste, reduce energy costs for the process. Recently, buyers are also paying special attention to the biological value, the popularity of organic and natural products is growing. The search for new types of non-traditional raw materials and the choice of a rational way of processing it is an important task for scientists and manufacturers. The subject of the study was the viburnum fruits (Viburnum opulus). The object is the process of osmotic dehydration. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of the method of processing Viburnum opulus fruits by the method of osmotic dehydration. The process of processing viburnum fruits provides for mandatory pre-freezing, defrosting, osmotic dehydration and drying. A method was developed for waste-free processing of viburnum fruits using the process of osmotic dehydration. Products of viburnum processing (osmotic solution and powders) were studied. Analysis of the mineral composition of powders of their derivatives from the processing of viburnum showed the highest content of potassium (5.74 %). In addition, vitamin C was found in the products of viburnum processing: in powders – 8.28 mg/100 g, in an osmotic solution − 1.12 mg/100 ml. Given that wild berries were used for the study, a study of powders for the presence of microorganisms and heavy metals was carried out. Mesophilic aerobic, facultative anaerobic microorganisms, yeasts and molds were not detected. The content of heavy metals is less than 10 ppm Pb. Thus, viburnum fruits are safe raw materials. When using osmotic dehydration, their biological value and organoleptic properties are preserved.

The quantitative content determination of main groups of biologically active substances in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits

Aim. To determine the quantitative content of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits using pharmacopeial methods for their subsequent use in the standardization of the plant raw material.Materials and methods. For the study, 6 batches of air-dried Viburnum opulus fruits crushed to a particle size of 1 – 2 mm and harvested in different regions of Ukraine in the mass fruiting phase in October-November 2020 were used. The quantitative determination of polyphenols and tannins was performed using the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 760 nm calculated with reference to pyrogallol and dried substance. The total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids was determined according to the method of the SPhU (State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine) 2.0 described in the monograph “Kidney TeaN” calculated with reference to rosemary acid. The total amount of organic acids was determined by the titrimetric method according to the method of the monograph of the SPhU 2.1 “Rose hipsN” calculated with reference to malic acid.Results and discussion. The quantitative content of polyphenols (calculated with reference to pyrogallol and dried substance) in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits varied by about 1.4 times from 1.74 ± 0.01 % to 2.36 ± 0.01 %. According to the results obtained, the quantitative content of tannins (calculated with reference to pyrogallol and dried substance) in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits varied by 1.7 times from 0.73 ± 0.01 % to 1.23 ± 0.01 %. The quantitative content of the total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids calculated with reference to rosemary acid in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits ranged by 1.2 times from 3.96 ± 0.01 % to 4.73 ± 0.01 %. The quantitative content of the total amount of organic acids calculated with reference to malic acid in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits fluctuated more than 1.3 times from 6.80 ± 0.01 % to 9.08 ± 0.01 %.Conclusions. The quantitative content of the main groups of biologically active substances has been determined in 6 batches of Viburnum opulus fruits harvested in different regions of Ukraine using pharmacopoeial methods: polyphenols (varied by 1.4 times), tannins (varied by 1.7 times), the total amount of hydroxycinnamic (varied by 1.2 times), and the total amount of organic acids (varied by 1.3 times) calculated with reference to dried substance. The content of the groups of biologically active substances in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits slightly correlates with the place of the raw material harvesting. Thus, the selected methods of the SPhU 2.0 are quite suitable for determining the quantitative content of polyphenols, tannins and of the total amount of hydroxycinnamic and organic acids in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits; they can be used in further studies to standardize the raw material.

Viburnum opulus fruit extract-capped gold nanoparticles attenuated oxidative stress and acute inflammation in carrageenan-induced paw edema model

ABSTRACT This study designed, characterized, and investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of gold nanoparticles coated with Viburnum opulus extract (AuNP-VO) compared to those of Viburnum opulus fruit extract (VO) and indomethacin, on experimental inflammation in Wistar rats. The structure and properties of the synthesized AuNPs-VO were evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. Their biological effects on paw inflammation were assessed at 2, 24, and 48 h after the administration of plantar carageenan by quantifying oxidative stress and inflammation and by histopathological analysis. TEM micrographs confirmed the spherical shape, homogeneous distribution, and nano-size of 65 nm. AuNP-VO and VO showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on plantar inflammation with different dynamics of action. AuNP-VO exerted antioxidant effects, especially, at 48 h and diminished the plantar inflammation in the early stages (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10) and late stages (IL-1β, p < 0.01) whereas VO reduced the inflammatory response, predominantly in the early stages (p < 0.01; p < 0.001), and maintained reduced IL-1β values (p < 0.001) and a lower histopathological inflammatory score at 48 h. In conclusion, AuNP-VO and VO extract can be used as valuable agents for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation.

Description of the Guelder Rose Fruit in Terms of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Compounds

The Viburnum opulus (guelder rose) fruit is a Polish native fruit that grows across almost the entire territory of the country, except for the Tatra Mountains. The fruits are rich in nutrients and biologically active compounds, however, they are rarely used for food production or as a dietary ingredient. This study assessed this fruit for dry matter (17.3% ± 0.7), extract (13% ± 0.53), titratable acidity (1.78 g/100 g ± 0.48), pectin (1.10% ± 0.97), vitamin C (47.79 mg/100 g ± 1.02), the amount of sugar identified as fructose (6.85 g/100 g ± 0.67), antioxidant activity, ABTS (14.64 ± 0.61 μM Trolox/100 g), FRAP (211.14 ± 1.04 µM Trolox/100 g) and total polyphenolic content TPC (1695.88 ± 0.86 mg GAE/100 g). The analysis of phenolic identification was performed using the ACQUITY Ultra Performance LC (UPLC) system with the binary solvent manager and PDA detector.

The Effect of Simulated In Vitro Digestion on Biological Activity of Viburnum opulus Fruit Juices.

In the present study, an in vitro digestion method has been used to assay the influence of the physiological conditions in the mouth, stomach, and intestine on the stability and activity in different cell models of the main phenolic compounds from Viburnum opulus fresh juice (FJ), phenolic-rich juice (PJ), and the bioavailable fractions (DFJ and DPJ). The data obtained indicate that the V. opulus samples achieved after in vitro digestion had an influence on cellular glucose and lipid metabolism. The bioavailable fraction of both digested juices stimulated glucose uptake and decreased lipid accumulation by L6 myoblasts and HepG2 hepatocytes. Both DFJ and DPJ reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by 3T3-L1 adipocytes: interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Simultaneously, DFJ and DPJ enhanced oxidative stress in MIN6 cells and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). UPLC–MS analysis revealed qualitative and quantitative changes in hydroxycinnamic acids. In particular, the content of chlorogenic acid decreased drastically; its content in the bioavailable fraction was almost 7 times and 30 times lower than in the FJ and PJ, respectively. Our results suggested that although the phenolic compounds of V. opulus juices undergo transformation during digestion, they are still potent antioxidant agents with biological activity.

Glycoside Hydrolases and Non-Enzymatic Glycation Inhibitory Potential of Viburnum opulus L. Fruit-In Vitro Studies.

Phytochemicals of various origins are of great interest for their antidiabetic potential. In the present study, the inhibitory effects against carbohydrate digestive enzymes and non-enzymatic glycation, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds composition of Viburnum opulus L. fruits have been studied. Crude extract (CE), purified extract (PE), and ethyl acetate (PEAF) and water (PEWF) fractions of PE were used in enzymatic assays to evaluate their inhibitory potential against α-amylase with potato and rice starch as substrate, α-glucosidase using maltose and sucrose as substrate, the antioxidant capacity (ABTS, ORAC and FRAP assays), antiglycation (BSA-fructose and BSA-glucose model) properties. Among four tested samples, PEAF not only had the highest content of total phenolics, but also possessed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition, antiglycation and antioxidant activities. UPLC analysis revealed that this fraction contained mainly chlorogenic acid, proanthocyanidin oligomers and flavalignans. Contrary, the anti-amylase activity of V. opulus fruits probably occurs due to the presence of proanthocyanidin polymers and chlorogenic acids, especially dicaffeoylquinic acids present in PEWF. All V. opulus samples have an uncompetitive and mixed type inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Considering strong anti-glucosidase, antioxidant and antiglycation activities, V. opulus fruits may find promising applications in nutraceuticals and functional foods with antidiabetic activity.

Viburnum opulus L. fruit phenolic compounds protect against FFA-induced steatosis of HepG2 cells via AMPK pathway

Abstract Recent studies indicated phenolic compounds as the substances effectively improving hepatic lipid homeostasis, insulin signaling and mitochondrial functions via decrease of fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis inhibition. The aim of the study was to investigate the Viburnum opulus L. fruits as a dietary source of bioactive phenolic compounds with protective activity against steatosis of HepG2 cells induced by oleic and palmitic acids. Enhanced lipid accumulation (even by 88% after oleic acid treatment) and mitochondrial dysfunctions caused by free fatty acids (FFA) overload were decreased up to 45% by V. opulus preparations compared to cells treated with FFA. Among studied preparations the purified juice had the most significant effect on activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). As direct inducers of AMPK were identified liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and allosteric changes caused by decrease of ATP:AMP ratio. Observed signal transduction decreased level of lipogenic proteins - sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). The observed biological activities of V. opulus fruit made this source of phenolic compounds more attractive in terms of health-promoting properties, especially in the context of hepatic lipotoxicity prevention.

Effects of Viburnum opulus fruit extracts on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and lipase activity

In this study, the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of action of Viburnim opulus fruit crude extract (CE) and semi-purified phenolic extract (SPPE) in 3T3-L1 cells were studied. In addition, inhibitory activity of extracts against pancreatic lipase in triolein emulsion was estimated, as well as their phenolic profiles by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Twenty four phenolic compounds were identified in both extracts with chlorogenic acid as the dominant compound. The inhibition mode of extracts against lipase was competitive and SPPE demonstrated synergistic action with orlistat. Both extracts had the ability to inhibit adipogenesis process in a dose-dependent manner. Cells treatment with extracts at 75 µg/mL concentration was not only sufficient to inhibit lipids accumulation at almost 20%, but also influenced the size of lipid droplets. CE and SPPE reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species production by 20% and leptin level by 21–30%. They did not affect the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and adiponectin protein expression levels.

Viburnum opulus L. Juice Phenolic Compounds Influence Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Osteosarcoma Saos-2 Cells.

Bone mass loss occurs with a decrease in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, or the enhancement of bone resorption, which further leads to the impairment of bone mineral density and increase in bone fracture. Recent studies suggest that some phenolic compounds found in food play positive role in bone metabolism. High content of phenolic compounds with potential beneficial effects on bone metabolism have been identified in the Viburnum opulus fruit. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of V. opulus fresh juice (FJ) and juice purified by solid phase extraction (PJ) on osteogenesis processes with osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell lines. V. opulus purified juice revealed stronger potential as an inducer of Saos-2 osteogenic differentiation. Saos-2 cells matrix mineralization was evaluated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement and alizarin red S staining. Gene expression analysis showed the elevation of the mRNA levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), ALP, collagen type 1 and osteonectin, whereas the nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin ratio (RANKL/OPG) decreased. Furthermore, V. opulus was able to diminish the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines Il6 and TNFα, however had no effect on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It decreased intracellular oxidative stress and induced DNA repair, but had no effect on the growth inhibition of lactic acid beneficial microorganisms.

Variation in volatile and fatty acid contents among Viburnum opulus L. Fruits growing different locations

This study aimed to compare fatty acid and volatile compound compositions of Viburnum opulus fruits grown at various locations at different altitudes of Turkey (Ardahan/Center, Sivas/Gemerk, Kayseri/Develi, Gumushane/Kelkit). The total lipid contents in fruits varied from 9.34 % (Ardahan) to 12.35 % (Gümüşhane). A total of ten fatty acids (lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), oleic acid (C 18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), α-Linolenic acid(C18:3), arachidic acid (C20:0), gondoic acid (C20:1), behenic acid (C22:0), stearic acid (C18:0)) have been identified and quantified. The major fatty acids in all the samples were oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid. The highest saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was found in Gümüşhane sample (18.14 %), while the lowest content was detected in Sivas (13.46 %). Unlike SFA, the highest unsaturated faty acid (UFA) content was determined in Sivas sample (87.01 %), while the lowest content was identified in Gümüşhane sample (82.26 %). We used headspace and immersion solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC–MS and Im-SPME/GC–MS) techniques to identify the volatiles. 23 and 35 compounds were identified by the HS-SPME/GC–MS technique at 28 and 40 ̊C, however, 44 and 38 compounds were detected by the Im-SPME/GC–MS technique at 28 and 40 ̊C. Thirty volatile components of V.opulus fruits have been detected for the first time in this study. 3-methylbutanoic acid in Ardahan, Kayseri, Sivas samples, ethyl acetate in Sivas sample, 2-octanol in Gümüşhane sample, phenol in Ardahan sample are the main volatile compounds. Im-SPME/GC–MS technique allowed identification of a larger number of volatile compounds and thus is more efficient than the HS-SPME/GC–MS technique.

Metabolite profiling, arginase inhibition and vasorelaxant activity of Cornus mas, Sorbus aucuparia and Viburnum opulus fruit extracts

The present study investigated the effects of Cornus mas, Sorbus aucuparia and Viburnum opulus fruit extracts on arginase activity and arterial vasodilation. V. opulus fruit extract exerted the highest vasorelaxant activity in phenylephrine precontracted rat aortic rings (EC50 = 6.31 ± 1.61 μg/mL) and a significant inhibition of arginase (IC50 = 71.02 ± 3.06 μg/mL). By contrast, S. aucuparia and C. mas fruit extracts showed no important anti-arginase activity and a significantly weaker activity in the rat aortic rings relaxation assay (EC50 = 100.9 ± 11.63 and 78.52 ± 8.59 μg/mL, respectively). For all extracts, the main mechanism of vasodilation was proven to be endothelium-dependent. HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS studies revealed a very complex metabolite profiling in all three extracts with chlorogenic acid accounting for 30.89, 0.72 and 2.03 mg/g in V. opulus, C. mas and S. aucuparia fruit extracts, respectively. All extracts were declared non-toxic in the brine shrimp acute toxicity test. Our study highlights potential benefits of V. opulus fruit extract in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasodilation.

Viburnum opulus Fruit Phenolic Compounds as Cytoprotective Agents Able to Decrease Free Fatty Acids and Glucose Uptake by Caco-2 Cells

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying food-originated phytocompounds with beneficial influences for humans. Amongst the most active natural substances are polyphenols, for which high content has been identified in the Viburnum opulus berry, and which are unused in Western Europe. Due to its strong antioxidant activity we explored the potential of V. opulus as a preventive agent against diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Among the causes of these ailments is oxidative stress, as well as impaired glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) uptake. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine biological activity of V. opulus phenolic extracts as cytoprotective agents able to decrease induced oxidative stress, lower lipid accumulation and attenuate glucose and FFA uptake by Caco-2 cells via GLUT2 and CD36/FAT transporters. To determine the source of the most biologically active phenolic compounds, we obtained four phenolic compounds extracts as crude juice, phenolics isolated from juice and two preparations of phenolics obtained with different extraction agents from fruit pomace. Among the studied extracts, the phenolic rich fraction obtained from fruit juice revealed the strongest activity to decrease uptake of glucose, FFA and accumulation of lipid droplets in Caco-2 cells without affecting their viability (IC0 50 μg/mL). Observed uptake attenuation was followed by decrease of the CD36/FAT gene expression, without influence on the GLUT2 and PPARα levels. We suspect that V. opulus phenolics were able to modulate the cellular membrane dynamic, although that hypothesis requires further, more detailed studies. Extracts revealed strong chemo-preventive activity against oxidative stress induced chemically by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH), as well as against DNA damage through the induction of DNA repair after cell exposition to methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and H2O2. Our findings suggest Viburnum opulus fruit as a dietary source of phytocompounds, which could be considered as a tailored design food supplement components for the prevention and treatment of postprandial elevation of glucose and fatty acids through delaying the rate of glucose and fatty acid absorption by intestinal cells.

The influence of Viburnum opulus polyphenolic compounds on metabolic activity and migration of HeLa and MCF cells

In recent years, research of antitumor activity of natural compounds isolated from plant material has increased. Polyphenols have gained significant attention due to their proapoptotic abilities and their involvement in migration and inhibition of metastasis processes. The anticancer effects of polyphenolic extracts of Viburnum opulus fruit against human breast (MCF-7) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines have been confirmed in this study. It was demonstrated that the tested preparations (methanol – M and acetone – A from pomace, juice – J and juice after extraction to the solid phase SPE – PF) show cytotoxic activity and regulate the migration process of cancer cells. The degree of inhibition of cell migration was measured at two times - 24 h and 48 h after addition of the tested preparations. The highest toxicity towards both cell lines was demonstrated by the polyphenol fraction obtained after juice purification SPE (IC50 values at concentration of 63,541 and 19,380 μg/mL for HeLa and MCF cell lines, respectively). At the same time, the same preparation inhibited cell migration the most (nearly 70% compared to controls at both times at the concertation of 15 and 30 μg/mL). All preparations showed the antioxidant ability, but the Viburnum opulus juice (200 and 350 g/mL) and the preparation after its purification (15 and 30 μg/mL) have larger ability to inhibit the intracellular oxidative stress (30-40%) than preparation obtained from pomace (nearly by 20% at concentration of 20 and 50 μg/mL of M and A). Despite the antioxidative capacity of the preparations, they simultaneously decreased cellular mitochondrial potential. The results obtained indicate the high potential of components of Viburnum opulus polyphenolic compounds can be used in the production of innovative dietary supplements or pharmacological preparations for people with an increased risk or inclination towards developing breast or cervical cancer.

Influence of in vitro human digestion on the bioavailability of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Viburnum opulus L. (European cranberry) fruit extracts

Although there is a wide array of antioxidant studies and related phenolic antioxidants on plants, bioavailability phenomenon is often neglected. Design of this study based on evaluation of difference in antioxidant potential and phenolic profile of V. opulus fruits before and after in vitro gastrointestinal human digestion. For this purpose two extracts (methanolic and aqueous) were prepared from its fruits. After the digestion simulation procedure, total phenolic, phenolic acid, flavonoid contents were determined for all phases of digestion. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used for measurement of chlorogenic acid, major bioactive component of the extracts. Bioavailability index was calculated for all phenolic content assays and for the bioactive compound for accurate determination of alterations in phenolic profile via in vitro human digestion. For revelation of the precise antioxidant potential of fruit extracts, a couple of free radical scavenging (DPPH and DMPD) and metal reducing potential (CUPRAC and FRAP) assays and in addition a total antioxidant capacity assay were conducted on all phases. The results showed that the methanolic extract is superior to aqueous counterpart in terms of phenolic profile and antioxidant properties. Also, the major metabolite was negatively influenced by in vitro simulation of human digestion.

Physicochemical and bioactive properties of cakes incorporated with gilaburu fruit (Viburnum opulus) pomace

In this study the valorisation of a gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) fruit pomace, a waste product remaining after juice extraction, was investigated. The pomace was incorporated into cake formulation at the level of 0, 5, 10 and 15%, based on wheat flour weight. Results indicated that the batter viscosity increased and pH decreased by the increasing of the concentration of pomace level in cake formulation. Depending on incorporation level, reduction on the volume and height of the cake samples were observed. The hardness values increased whereas the chewiness and gumminess values of the cake samples decreased with an increasing of pomace incorporation level. Gilaburu pomace addition caused significant (P<0.05) changes on L*, a*, and b* values of crumb, whereas no significant differences have been determined on the L* and b* values of crust of the samples. In sensory analyses, 5% gilaburu pomace added cake sample had the highest overall acceptability score. The total phenolic content and radical-scavenging acti...

Antinephrolithiatic activity of &lt;i&gt;Persea americana&lt;/i&gt; (avocado) and&lt;i&gt; Viburnum opulus&lt;/i&gt; (guelder rose) against ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in rats

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a severe health problem causing morbidity. Chemolisis, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), retrograde ureterorenoscopy (URS), and open and laparoscopic surgery are used for treatment with various success rates. Medical treatments with fewer complications were investigated thoroughly.Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effects of Persea americana (avocado) leaves and Viburnum opulus (guelder rose) fruits on nephrolithiasis in an animal model and used 42 rats. The groups received both low and high doses of Persea americana leaves and Viburnum opulus fruit ethanol extracts orally for 28 days. These two plants have been used for years in Turkey for their nephrolithiatic effect.Results: Avocado and guelder rose increased the urine volume and urine citrate levels, decreased urine cystine and oxalate levels, and lowered the crystal deposits in kidney tissue. Avocado and guelder rose also prevented oxidant damage and crystal formation in kidney tissue samples.Conclusion: The two plants that have been used for years for nephrolithiasis treatment in Turkey can safely be used for kidney stones.Key words: kidney stones; nephrolithiasis; Persea americana; Viburnum opulus; treatment

ANTINEPHROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF PERSEA AMERICANA (AVOCADO) AND VIBURNUM OPULUS (GUELDER ROSE) AGAINST ETHYLENE GLYCOL-INDUCED NEPHROLITHIASIS IN RATS

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a severe health problem causing morbidity. Chemolisis, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy&#x0D; (SWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), retrograde ureterorenoscopy (URS), and open and laparoscopic surgery are used for&#x0D; treatment with various success rates. Medical treatments with fewer complications were investigated thoroughly.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effects of Persea americana (avocado) leaves and Viburnum opulus (guelder&#x0D; rose) fruits on nephrolithiasis in an animal model and used 42 rats. The groups received both low and high doses of Persea americana&#x0D; leaves and Viburnum opulus fruit ethanol extracts orally for 28 days. These two plants have been used for years in Turkey for their&#x0D; nephrolithiatic effect.&#x0D; Results: Avocado and guelder rose increased the urine volume and urine citrate levels, decreased urine cystine and oxalate levels, and&#x0D; lowered the crystal deposits in kidney tissue. Avocado and guelder rose also prevented oxidant damage and crystal formation in kidney&#x0D; tissue samples.&#x0D; Conclusion: The two plants that have been used for years for nephrolithiasis treatment in Turkey can safely be used for kidney stones.