Abstract
Background: Nephrolithiasis is a severe health problem causing morbidity. Chemolisis, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
 (SWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), retrograde ureterorenoscopy (URS), and open and laparoscopic surgery are used for
 treatment with various success rates. Medical treatments with fewer complications were investigated thoroughly.
 Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effects of Persea americana (avocado) leaves and Viburnum opulus (guelder
 rose) fruits on nephrolithiasis in an animal model and used 42 rats. The groups received both low and high doses of Persea americana
 leaves and Viburnum opulus fruit ethanol extracts orally for 28 days. These two plants have been used for years in Turkey for their
 nephrolithiatic effect.
 Results: Avocado and guelder rose increased the urine volume and urine citrate levels, decreased urine cystine and oxalate levels, and
 lowered the crystal deposits in kidney tissue. Avocado and guelder rose also prevented oxidant damage and crystal formation in kidney
 tissue samples.
 Conclusion: The two plants that have been used for years for nephrolithiasis treatment in Turkey can safely be used for kidney stones.
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