Operational Experience Research Articles

Overview of T and D–T results in JET with ITER-like wall

Abstract In 2021 JET exploited its unique capabilities to operate with T and D–T fuel with an ITER-like Be/W wall (JET-ILW). This second major JET D–T campaign (DTE2), after DTE1 in 1997, represented the culmination of a series of JET enhancements—new fusion diagnostics, new T injection capabilities, refurbishment of the T plant, increased auxiliary heating, in-vessel calibration of 14 MeV neutron yield monitors—as well as significant advances in plasma theory and modelling in the fusion community. DTE2 was complemented by a sequence of isotope physics campaigns encompassing operation in pure tritium at high T-NBI power. Carefully conducted for safe operation with tritium, the new T and D–T experiments used 1 kg of T (vs 100 g in DTE1), yielding the most fusion reactor relevant D–T plasmas to date and expanding our understanding of isotopes and D–T mixture physics. Furthermore, since the JET T and DTE2 campaigns occurred almost 25 years after the last major D–T tokamak experiment, it was also a strategic goal of the European fusion programme to refresh operational experience of a nuclear tokamak to prepare staff for ITER operation. The key physics results of the JET T and DTE2 experiments, carried out within the EUROfusion JET1 work package, are reported in this paper. Progress in the technological exploitation of JET D–T operations, development and validation of nuclear codes, neutronic tools and techniques for ITER operations carried out by EUROfusion (started within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme and continuing under the Horizon Europe FP) are reported in (Litaudon et al Nucl. Fusion accepted), while JET experience on T and D–T operations is presented in (King et al Nucl. Fusion submitted).

Evaluation and benchmarking of research-based microgrid systems using FWZIC-VIKOR approach for sustainable energy management

Microgrid (MG) is one of the technologies considered in the direction of providing green and sustainable energy resources for local communities. Ensuring the best performance of these MG technologies requires extensive research to provide the most efficient system. Research-based microgrids (RB-MGs) play a vital role in the development of green energy platforms, as microgrid applications vary according to different scenarios and locations. Selecting the best research-based microgrid ensures providing local communities and stakeholders with well-tested and examined MG systems. Assessing research-based microgrid systems (RB-MG) for sustainable green applications poses a challenging multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. These complexities encompass the consideration of several evaluation criteria, the relative importance of these criteria, variations in data, and the inherent trade-offs and conflicts between these factors. Crisp and definite values to evaluate the research-based microgrids could not be found despite a comprehensive investigation. In this regard, appraisals and opinions of experts and professionals in providing sustainable energy with vast knowledge and experience in assessment, selection, installation, and operation were addressed as data. A novel decision-making model was developed to evaluate and select the most proper RB-MG system by processing these data. This study proposes an integrated MADM modelling approach using Fuzzy Weighted with Zero Inconsistency (FWZIC) method in conjunction with the Vlse-kriterijumska Optimizcija I Kaompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method. The underlying process starts with constructing a decision matrix (evaluation criteria intersectioned with RB-MGs). Then, evaluation criteria are weighted using FWZIC, and the RB-MGs are ranked for each category using VIKOR. The results derived from FWZIC weights provide valuable insights. Key criteria such as 'installed power (KW)' and 'storage capacity (C3)' show notable values of 0.159 and 0.151, respectively, underscoring their importance in identifying optimal RB-MGs. These weights and alternatives were used to rank the highest RB-MG, which is LIER-CIRCE of the average PV power group, and Ormazabal from the 'Highest PV Power' group. Ormazabal obtained the lowest Qi (0.426). For the average PV power group, alternative number 7 (Atenea Centre) ranked as the best alternative with the lowest Qi among other RB-MGs in the same group (0.158107). Comparative assessments with various MCDM methods reveal strong correlations with TOPSIS and MABAC, but negative correlations with MAIRA. Additionally, there is a statistical difference in grouping by PV installed power (KW) or MPC.

Impact of En Route Critical Care Provider Experience on Lung Protective Ventilation Compliance During Air Transport of Combat Wounded.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the U.S. Air Force Critical Care Air Transport (CCAT) provider operational experience with compliance for lung protective ventilation (LPV) volumes recommended by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network guidelines. We performed a retrospective cohort study of CCAT providers transporting combat casualties requiring mechanical ventilation from the Middle East to Germany from 2007 to 2012. We reviewed CCAT medical records from 2007 to 2012 for the total number of patient transports by CCAT physicians and respiratory care practitioners (RCPs). Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills Cincinnati process improvement questionnaire data described provider demographics and clinical backgrounds. We linked these data to patient demographics and in-flight ventilation management from a prior CCAT cohort study. Patient inclusion criteria included transport by CCAT from the Middle East to Germany for traumatic injury requiring mechanical ventilation between 2007 and 2012. We excluded patients with no documented height or tidal volume. LPV compliance was defined as tidal volumes ≤8 mL/kg of predicted body weight during en route critical care transport. We performed a logistic regression analysis. This study was reviewed and approved by the 59th Medical Wing institutional review board (IRB). We analyzed 491 patient transports conducted by 71 (RCPs and 84 physicians. Patients had a median age of 25 years (IQR 22-30), 98% were male, median injury severity score was 24 (IQR 17-34), and median preflight PaO2/FiO2 was 285 (IQR 220-365). Median experience was 26 missions (IQR 13-40) for RCPs and 23 missions (IQR 12-38) for physicians. All in-flight tidal volumes were LPV compliant in 58.3% of missions. Unadjusted analysis showed higher LPV compliance for RCPs with in-garrison critical care experience. Multivariate models did not find an association between missions flown and LPV compliance but did demonstrate a positive association with physician specialty of medical intensivist (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6-5.7) and a negative association with flights in 2008 (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7) for LPV compliance. No association was found between number of missions flown by CCAT providers and lung protective tidal volume compliance. Linkage of multiple data sources enabled investigation of clinical and operational currency associations with a care quality metric compliance in the combat en route care environment. Future studies should evaluate the impact of ongoing CCAT training and quality improvement interventions on LPV compliance.

A cumulative damage model for tubes in nuclear power plants subject to continuous degradation and multi-effect shocks under dynamic environments

Continuous degradation and shocks are two vital damage mechanisms for tubes under dynamic environments in nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this work, we presented a cumulative damage model to evaluate the reliability of tubes in NPPs, which accounts for continuous degradation and random shocks. The dynamic environments were assumed to obey a homogenous Markov process. Continuous degradation was described as a general stochastic process with independent increments. A multinomial distribution was used to depict the multiple effects of Poisson-distributed shocks on tubes. The influence of dynamic environments on the cumulative damage process of tubes was also explicitly modeled. Closed-form reliability measures were derived, such as reliability functions and mean time to failure (MTTF) of tubes. Drawing upon a case study from the existing literature, the analytical solution was validated through a comparative analysis with the outcomes of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and other methodologies referenced in the literature. As a practical engineering application, the reliability of steam generator tubes made of Alloy 690 within pressurized water reactors (PWRs), which are susceptible to primary side stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) and the effects of water hammer, was calculated. The findings indicate that the probabilities of steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) as estimated by the model and those inferred from operational experience have the same order of magnitude.

Установление владельца адреса криптокошелька в практике правоохранительных органов

The author analyzes the law enforcement experience (operational and investigative) in the disclosure and investigation of crimes related to the use of cryptocurrency. The article highlights the difficulties associated with establishing the owner of the crypto wallet address in the practical activities of operatives and investigators. The article describes the operational and investigative experience in establishing the owner of the crypto wallet address by sending a request to the crypto exchange. The article proposes to send a request to the crypto exchange for these purposes within the framework of the relevant operational search event “Making inquiries” and the investigative action “Investigative experiment”. The author suggests that the reader familiarize himself with the standard plan for carrying out the specified operational search event. The same plan has been developed for the production of the investigative action “Investigative experiment”. The author concluded that the formation of evidence at the preliminary investigation takes place through the production of an investigative action “Investigative experiment”, and to present the results of operational investigative activities, operatives conduct the above-mentioned operational investigative event. In conclusion, the author proposes a descriptive part of the protocol of the investigative experiment to facilitate the introduction of new methods and techniques in proving criminal cases.

Project Failure and Exploration: The Role of Operating and Project Experiences in the Context of PBF

Project Failure and Exploration: The Role of Operating and Project Experiences in the Context of PBF

Design, construction and testing of the prototype cryogenic circulation centrifugal pump for the high energy photon source

A cryogenic circulation pump (CCP) with the small flow rate and low heat leakage, which is thekeyequipment of the cooling system for the cryogenic permanent magnet undulator (CPMU)and synchrotron monochromator in High Energy Photon Source(HEPS), is developed according to the design parameters and operation experiences. The mechanic structure of the CCP including a motor at room temperature, an impeller and a volute in the cryogenic environment is designed, and numerical simulation on the rotating shaft and internal flows are performed to predict the mechanical and hydrodynamic performances of the pump. Meanwhile, the experimental investigation of the CCP is carried out in the liquid nitrogen (LN2) cryogenic system, and the hydrodynamic performances of the CCP are verified experimentally. The results are shown that the calculated performances of the CCP are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results, which indicates that the numerical calculation model of the CCP is more effective. Moreover, the deviations of pressure drop and efficiency between the calculation and measurement are analyzed in this paper.

Operational mental health. . .what practitioners and commanders should know.

Mental Health support to military operations is well established as an integral part of military medicine. Unfortunately, Commanders often receive little or no training in how best to use their mental health assets or what their capabilities are. Conversely, members of a Field Mental Health Team frequently have no operational experience and try to merely translate their civilian practice onto the battlefield. This article describes what mental health professional can, and should do on military deployments and calls for greater training and awareness of both Mental Health professionals and Operational Commanders to foster mutual understanding and use the Field Mental Health Team to best effect. The paper drawson the experience of working in a Field Mental Health Team on six operational deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan. Military mental health professionals work mostly in peacetime and this work ill prepares them for the very different type of work required of them on operations. More training is required to prepare both practitioners and commanders for the mental health issues that confront them on operational deployments.

Operational experience and performance of the Belle II silicon vertex detector after the first SuperKEKB long shutdown

The Belle II experiment searches for beyond-the-standard-model physics using the Belle II detector and SuperKEKB collider. The silicon vertex detector (SVD) is crucial for particle tracking. After the 1.5-year shutdown from June 2022, Run 2 began in January 2024; Run 2 operation shows stable noise levels, high signal-to-noise ratios, and hit efficiency over 99%. To manage higher beam background from increased luminosity, new techniques such as hit-time selection and cluster grouping are being developed. These methods increase the acceptable level of occupancy by distinguishing hits from triggered collisions and other sources.

Airport Ground Optimizer (AGO): A decision support system initiative for air traffic controllers with optimization and decision-aid algorithms

The growing global air traffic has necessitated more efficient ground management in airports, especially during peak hours. Current approaches mainly consist of radar-based systems and radio communications, which provide limited visual assistance. Hence, Decision Support Systems (DSS) are designed to assist human Air Traffic Controllers (ATCos) by providing reliable recommendations based on current data and situations. The Airport Ground Optimizer (AGO) is a DSS designed for ATCos to manage the complexities of ground traffic in airports. It is based on advanced optimization algorithms and intuitive user interfaces, offering an enhanced operational experience. AGO uses mixed-integer programming (AGO-MIP) and stochastic programming (AGO-STC) to detect conflicts based on expected gate release and taxi times, and then optimizes the entire schedule to minimize hold fuels, resolve conflicts, and reduce fuel consumption, emissions, and delay times. Its key strength lies in translating complex mathematical solutions into user-friendly visual representations. AGO's core functionality includes comprehensive visualizations such as position charts, delay graphs, and potential conflict maps, providing a clear, real-time picture of ground operations for informed decision-making. AGO's queue and gate occupancy analysis calculates and visualizes the maximum queue length and concurrent number of aircraft at gates, enhancing airport capacity, reducing aircraft waiting times, and streamlining ground traffic flow. Simulated in a high-traffic Turkish airport layout, AGO-MIP demonstrated significant improvement in operational efficiency compared to traditional First Come First Served (FCFS) approach. AGO outperformed the traditional FCFS approach, reducing hold fuel by 27.9%, cutting delay time by 21.6%, lowering HC, CO, and NOx emissions by 16.4%, 22.5%, and 29.3% respectively, and decreasing the maximum queue length and its duration by 15.3% and 26.6%, as well as decreasing the number of delayed aircraft by 4.8%. The AGO-STC is also tested using pushback release uncertainties in the case airport, providing robust and feasible sequences, clear feedback for all possible scenarios, and detailed outcomes for each scenario. The study concludes by discussing potential developments and current issues of the tool in detail.

A fault diagnosis method of hot spots for photovoltaic clusters based on model parameters

AbstractUtilizing the direct current‐side electrical data resources of the photovoltaic power generation system on the FusionSolar platform, this study investigates the impact of hot spot faults on the output characteristics of photovoltaic strings and proposes a hot spot fault diagnosis method based on time series waveform characteristics. By analyzing the mechanisms of hot spot generation and evolution, as well as the characteristic differences in I–V curves and time series compared to other types of faults, the waveform variation patterns of hot spots in current and voltage time series are obtained. A function form suitable for hot spot fault waveform characteristics in time series graphs is constructed, and fault diagnosis feature vectors are extracted. Combining field operation and maintenance experience, a fuzzy reasoning fault diagnosis system is established to determine the causes and estimate the severity of hot spot faults. Experimental results indicate that hot spot faults have unique and corresponding variations in the current/voltage time series waveforms of the string output. The constructed function form can clearly represent the waveform variation patterns, and the established fuzzy reasoning system can achieve effective and reliable diagnosis of hot spot faults.

Digital Twin System of Substation Equipment

This paper adopts the following technical solutions to achieve: a digital twin system for substation, including: database, database configuration module, data warehousing module, background data processing module and front-end browsing module; The front-end browsing module is used to display the data sent by the background data processing module in the corresponding form according to the user's selection; The form includes building the three-dimensional model of the substation based on BIM technology, and displaying the corresponding real-time data and status in the three-dimensional components of the three-dimensional model. Compared with the existing technology, it organically integrates the three-dimensional model and panoramic monitoring data of the substation, realizes the three-dimensional panoramic display of substation assets and the acquisition of substation monitoring data, improves the spatial experience of daily operation and maintenance comprehensive monitoring, and provides a solid data platform for the subsequent in-depth mining and intelligent analysis of multidimensional data of the substation.

Single-operator single-balloon enteroscopy is safe and effective: A 6-year retrospective study.

Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is an effective tool for the detection of small intestine lesions. Because itis conventionally performed by two operators, the efficacy of single-operator SBE method has not yet been elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield, total enteroscopy rate, procedure time, and complications of single-operator SBE for small intestinal disease. This was a single-center, retrospective study including consecutive patients who underwent single-operator SBE for suspicious small intestinal disorders or required therapeutic interventions between December 2014 and January 2019. The SBE procedures were performed by four endoscopists. Diagnostic yield, total enteroscopy rate, procedure time, incubation depth, and complications were analyzed, and stratification analysis was performed. Altogether 922 patients with 1422 SBE procedures were included for analysis, among whom 250, 172, and 500 patients underwent SBE via the oral route, the anal route and a combined route, respectively. The overall diagnostic yield was 78.52% (724/922). And 253 patients achieved total enteroscopy, with a total enteroscopy rate of 56.10%. The average procedure time for the oral and anal routes were 69.28 ± 14.72 min and 64.95 ± 13.87 min, respectively. While the incubation depth was 389.95 ± 131.42 cm and 191.81 ± 83.67 cm, respectively. Jejunal perforation was observed in one patient, which was managed by endoclips. Stratification analysis showed that the diagnostic yield and total enteroscopy rate significantly increased with operation experience together with decreased procedure time. Single-operator SBE is effective and safe for the detection of small intestinal lesions, and is easy to master.

Expert consensus on clinical application of inhaled nitric oxide therapy (2024 edition)

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator that has been used in newborns, children, and adults with various cardiopulmonary diseases to reduce pulmonary artery pressure and improve oxygenation. Currently, there are numerous brands of iNO devices on the market with significant differences in performance, as well as variations in connection and setup. Additionally, adverse reactions such as methemoglobinemia may occur during iNO treatment. Therefore, the safety and efficacy of this treatment need to be ensured in clinical practice. To address these concerns and standardize the clinical application of iNO therapy, the Respiratory Care Group of Chinese Thoracic Society and Respiratory Therapist Working Group of Respiratory Career Development Committee, Chinese Association of Chest Physician have organized relevant experts to develop an expert consensus on the clinical application of iNO therapy based on the latest research progress and clinical operational experience. This consensus includes 11 expert consensus recommendations on indications and contraindications of iNO, selection and connection of iNO devices, dose selection and therapeutic effect evaluation of iNO, adverse effects and occupational protection during iNO treatment, transport of patients with iNO, weaning of iNO, cleaning, disinfection and maintenance of iNO devices, and iNO clinical use process and records. The aim is to improve the cognitive and practical ability of clinical practitioners for the standardized application of iNO therapy, so as to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical application of iNO therapy.

Barks and bites: dog-friendly dining experiences

ABSTRACT This study investigates the leisure activity of dining out with dogs, examining the experiences of 550 Canadian dog owners through a comprehensive online survey. The research explored multifaceted aspects of dog-friendly dining, including consumer attitudes, financial implications, dog-specific menus, and the dynamics of human-canine interactions in dining settings. The findings reveal engagement with various dining formats, such as traditional restaurants, coffee shops, and fast-food establishments, highlighting a wide array of opportunities for incorporating dog-friendly practices. The study uncovered a complex interplay of interest and practical challenges in the realm of dog-friendly dining. While dog owners show a strong preference for such experiences, the industry must navigate a diverse range of consumer preferences and operational hurdles. Attitudes toward dog-friendly dining reveal a mix of positive sentiments, emphasizing inclusivity and companionship, counterbalanced by concerns over behavioural issues, hygiene, and space management. The insights from this research are valuable for stakeholders in the leisure industry, providing a basis to develop strategies that cater to dog owners while addressing operational and customer experience challenges.

Improved Data-Driven Trajectory Optimization Method Utilizing Deep Trajectory Generation

The imbalance between air traffic capacity and demand, especially in the terminal maneuvering area, constrains the development of the civil aviation industry. To enhance the capacity, providing aircraft with optimal trajectories is the way forward. The key challenge of building a trajectory optimization model lies in embedding air traffic controllers’ operation experience into the optimization process. Previous efforts proposed a data-driven trajectory optimization method to learn operation experience from historical data for trajectory optimization use, which is limited by the issues of insufficient quantity and diversity of trajectory data. To solve those issues, an improved model is proposed to further improve the trajectory optimization performance. Firstly, this paper exploited a connecting-based trajectory generation model to generate massive synthetic trajectories. Then, this paper used a data-mining-based valuable trajectory identification technique to find valuable trajectories that can be used to enrich its operation experience. A case study on Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport was conducted to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed model successfully incorporates more operation experience during the optimization process. Compared with the benchmark model, the proposed model can adapt to more complex air traffic and provide optimal trajectories for more incoming aircraft.

Nonmetallic-Based Tubulars Provide Superior Integrity, Cost Savings

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 214647, “Operational Experience From the Implementation of 21 Wells With Nonmetallic-Based Downhole Tubing: From Pilot to Large-Scale Implementation,” by Mohamad H. Ahmad, ADNOC. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Tubular glass-reinforced-epoxy (GRE) lining technology has been applied globally since the 1960s in eliminating downhole tubular corrosion. Compared with conventional carbon steel, which can experience frequent failure, GRE-lined carbon steel provides long-lasting protection, resulting in huge savings in life-cycle cost. The operator implemented this technology for a successful trial of water-disposal wells. In the complete paper, the authors share the data from caliper logs run into, and the inspection of tubing pulled from, these disposal wells after 4 years in service. Tubular Corrosion in Operator Assets A growing emphasis on water disposal was inevitable because so much water was being produced with increased water cut and production. ADNOC Onshore operates almost 200 water-disposal wells. However, corrosion has been a common problem in these wells, such that a failure has been reported every 1–2 years. Use of corrosion-prone carbon steel for disposal strings has led to integrity issues and the need for expensive workover jobs that could cost between $1.5 million and $2 million per job. Fiberglass GRE Lining Since 2014, the operator has run 19 water-disposal wells with GRE-lined carbon steel strings. No failures have been reported, and inspections have been successful. Fiberglass tubular lining protects the internal surface of the tubing or casing inside the steel joint. Cement is pumped into the annulus between the GRE-liner outer diameter (OD) and the steel‑pipe inner diameter (ID). The final product is a completely corrosion-protected string, even under the connection area, where accessories called flares and corrosion barrier rings (CBRs) are installed (Fig. 1). The mechanical capability of the system is maintained by the steel pipe, while the internal fiberglass liner provides reliable corrosion resistance. Fiberglass Liner. The fiberglass liner shows excellent resistance in corrosive environments. As per tested and as per the manufacturer’s data sheets, the fiberglass lining system can be used in temperatures of up to 145°C, depending on hydrogen sulfide and CO2 levels in the flowing fluid. Besides being corrosion‑resistant, fiberglass lining improves the flow rate of the flowing water or oil because of the superior surface-energy properties and manufacturing quality of the liner material. The thickness of the liner varies according to the tubing size (diameter). Cement. The cement transfer applies pressure directly to the steel pipe. The cement does not bond the fiberglass liner to the steel and allows relative micromovement between the fiberglass liner and the steel pipe resulting from the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of these two materials. Being alkaline, the cement tends to neutralize the possible presence of acid gases migrating in the fiberglass‑steel annulus; this further reduces the possibility of carbon-steel-pipe corrosion.

Technology Focus: Wellbore Tubulars (July 2024)

The oil and gas industry has witnessed significant advancements in downhole technology, driving improved efficiency, sustainability, and well integrity. The technical papers here offer valuable insights into these developments, exploring nonmetallic downhole tubulars, collaborative ecosystems, material selection, environmental sustainability, and mechanical evaluation, showing a promising alternative to traditional steel counterparts. Paper SPE 214647 explores operational experiences with glass-reinforced-epoxy-lined tubing, highlighting significant benefits such as corrosion protection, cost savings, and improved well integrity. The journey from pilot to large-scale implementation reveals valuable insights into the technology’s evolution and challenges faced by operators. Complementing this, paper IPTC 23491 emphasizes the pivotal role of ecosystem partners in realizing nonmetallic tubulars. It underscores the need for multidisciplinary collaboration across academia, research institutes, manufacturers, and service providers to navigate challenges and drive innovation effectively. Paper IPTC 23549, included in the recommended reading list, delves into materials and construction aspects critical for successful deployment. It discusses the selection of nonmetallic materials, pipe-construction considerations, and the importance of standardization to meet stringent downhole requirements, signaling a path toward product development and commercialization. Concurrently, paper SPE 214488 addresses mechanical evaluations and interventions in nonmetallic tubulars, showcasing advancements in testing methodologies and tool deployment. Insights gleaned from these evaluations inform future research and development efforts to enhance product reliability and performance. Finally, the carbon life-cycle assessment of nonmetallic tubulars in recommended-reading paper IPTC 24122 underscores environmental sustainability as a driving force behind innovation. By evaluating carbon footprints and life-cycle effects, the industry seeks to adopt ecofriendly solutions without compromising operational efficiency. The synthesis of these papers underscores the transformative potential of nonmetallic downhole tubulars in reshaping oilfield operations. Through collaborative partnerships, material advancements, rigorous testing, and environmental considerations, the industry strives toward safer, more-sustainable, and more-cost-effective solutions. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. IPTC 23549 Making Nonmetallic Downhole Tubulars a Reality—Materials and Construction by Serena L.M. Goh, Baker Hughes, et al. IPTC 24122 Carbon Life-Cycle Assessment of Nonmetallic Downhole Tubulars by P. Sarmah, Baker Hughes, et al.

초등 Wee 클래스 상담사 대상 원예치료 프로그램 도입 방안

This study aimed to gather essential data for integrating horticultural therapy activities into the Wee class counseling program. The findings revealed that a substantial proportion (40.9%) reported substantial experience implementing horticultural therapy in the Wee classes, with 37.5% of sessions led by horticultural therapists. Horticultural therapy was widely perceived as beneficial for counseling (33.1%). The key prerequisites for introducing horticultural therapy into Wee classes were training for horticultural therapy counselors (59.1%) and budget support (27.3%). The anticipated benefits included diversifying counseling techniques (26.5%), applicability to diverse clients (25.3%), promoting counselor self-healing (12.6%), and emotional purification (33.9%). Target groups were individuals with emotional issues such as anxiety and depression (30.7%), interpersonal relationship problems (17.8%), behavioral problems like violence (13.5%), and addiction issues (11.5%). Counselor training (59.1%) was the foremost prerequisite for implementing horticultural therapy due to its educational effectiveness (34.6%), applicability in group counseling (29.8%), and potential to help counselors with burnout (19.1%). As for the composition of the horticultural treatment training program, 'the composition of the actual program that can be actually applied to horticultural treatment' was the highest (32.5%), and the most preferred operating session was 5 to 8 sessions (47.8%). The intention to participate in the horticultural treatment therapy sessions was reported to be high after the training (90.9%). The necessity of horticultural therapy programs, based on the characteristics of Wee class counselors, was analyzed using t-tests for quantitative variables and chi-square tests (𝒙2) for qualitative variables with multiple categories. A significant correlation was found between counseling experience and the degree of training participation (p=.002), although the need for training was not significantly correlated with experience. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the operational experience of horticultural therapy programs and the degree of training participation (p=.012). Chi-square tests were employed to evaluate distribution variances among different groups based on their operational experience with horticultural therapy programs.

SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL MACHINERY COMPLEX FOR CONSTRUCTING IRRIGATION CANALS WITH A PARABOLIC PROFILE

An analysis of the experience of dredger operation in various industries allows us to identify the following main problems that need to be addressed to improve their efficiency: improvement of papillonation schemes and structural enhancement of the main equipment from a hydraulic perspective. The current soil intake devices, suction lines, and soil pumps do not always fully meet the specific requirements of soil development conditions. The objectives of the present research were to propose ways to enhance the performance of systems for automatic control of dredger work movements and automatic regulation of the soil intake process. These proposals aim to create a parabolic cross-sectional shape of the canal during development, ensure the highest productivity and lowest energy consumption, as well as low work costs, using modern control devices. The effect of the proposed technology for canal development using dredgers with automated papillonation consists of the following: providing the developed canals with a stable cross-sectional shape; automating the papillonation of the dredger and optimizing the operation of the soil pump; Implementing shift-based production accounting; using soil meters in the automated system. Giving the developed canal a cross-sectional shape that is stable in both hydraulic and static aspects has allowed for the following benefits: increased sediment transport capacity of the flow, while simultaneously reducing the cross-sectional area, growth of vegetation, water level fluctuations, water losses, and the right-of-way strip; reduced the volume of cleaning work by up to 20%; increased the period between cleanings by ensuring uniform flow movement; enhanced the productivity of dredgers by concentrating sediment on the canal slopes without changing the overall volume of cleaning.