Ontology System Research Articles

Ontological model for evaluating the effectiveness of scientific institutions

The article presents an approach to assessing the quality of functioning of scientific institutions based on ontologies. Today, there are a large number of scientific institutions and specialized organizations whose efficiency depends on the quality of the services they provide. In the course of their operation, institutions accumulate a large amount of information (scientific articles, reports, employee ratings, economic indicators, etc.) that can be used to evaluate them automatically by national criteria. This study proposes to use an ontological model to store, present and manipulate with such information. Ontologies are new intelligent tools for finding resources on the Internet, new methods for representing and processing knowledge and queries. They are able to accurately and efficiently describe the semantics of data for a certain domain and solve the problem of incompatibility and inconsistency of concepts. The ontological approach allows the continuous improvement of the model based on basic ontologies by completing and developing them The ontology will allow not only to structure and systematize the data of scientific institutions, but also to perform the procedure of quality assessment through the mechanism of ontological logical inference. A general ontology for describing the activities of scientific institutions is represented by a system of five connected components. In the paper the structure of such a system is described, basic elements of its ontologies and the connections between them are highlighted. The ontology of the scientific institution activity is developed using specific technological platform TEDAOS - “Transdisciplinary Educational Dialogues of Applications’ Ontology Systems”.

Онтологическая система знаний и вычислительных ресурсов современных интеллектуальных технологий

The conceptual solutions of building an ontological knowledge system in the functional spaces of the modern theory of disasters are discussed. The theoretical basis for the implementation of an ontological knowledge system based on a multifunctional software complex determines the principle of generating control actions in conditions of uncertainty based on a hierarchical structure. The analysis of alternatives and the choice of a solution in the multifunctional software complex environment is based on the ensemble forecast. The interpretation of the behavior of complex systems in the multifunctional software complex of predictive models using an ontological knowledge system is carried out as part of a strategy for processing large volumes of Big Data, Work Flow events and hybrid technology, as well as a topological structure for identifying critical situations using cognitive and fractal structures, neurodynamic and multi-agent systems, synergetic control theory. Particular attention is paid to the justification and choice of the interpretive model, taking into account physical effects and patterns from the condition of adequacy.

Al-Farabi and the question on existence

Farabi’s (also Al Farabi) fundamental question is the question of existence. Metaphysics, physics, ethics, politics and civil science of Farabi can be understood and evaluated within the problem of existence. Exploration of the meaning of existence has overshadowed his whole philosophy. Farabi must be seen as the systematic beginning of Islamic Philosophy not as its fountain-head. Farabi owes his own ontological system more to the religious teachings, Islamic culture and thought and Iranian wisdom, heritage and tradition. Precisely speaking, main and true origin of Islamic philosophy is not Greece rather Quranic verses and prophetic traditions as well as prayers and scriptural texts. Emergence or uncovered-ness of existence in Farabi becomes connected with thinking. Wherever there is no thinking, existence will be in covered-ness or hiddenness. In search of the meaning of existence, Farabi does not ask of its quiddity (what-is-it-ness). Question of quiddity of existence is basically wrong and makes one to get stuck in the swamp of verbalism and more dangerous than it, turns the existence into an object. Existence is not separated from thinking. Existence is not an object along with other objects in the outside world so that we can ask of its nature or quiddity. Existence is of uncovered-ness (Unverborgenheit) only within the horizon of thinking. Question of quiddity or what-is-it-ness of existence is tantamount to its forgetfulness and covered-ness. Has Farabi had any innovation in the domain of ontological issues that would make him distinguished by us as compared to his predecessors? Does he speak of a type of novel ontology that can serve as an alternative to the existing ones? What are differences between his philosophy and those of Plato and Aristotle? Are we encountered with different definitions, types of notions, categories or approaches in Farabi? If there are such inventions, would they be to the extent that could they lead to the establishment of a system within the sphere of ontology? Examination of these questions shows that Farabi has a distinguished concern in philosophy different from those of the Greek philosophers. Religious teachings, paying attention to the role and influence of oriental wisdom or Sophia Iranica in philosophical thinking, search for true wisdom and separation from Greek notions and finally providing a theory of synthesis and reconciliation of religion and philosophy constitute Farabi’s main approach. Key words: Farabi, Existence, Epistemic Detachment, Greek Tradition, Aristotle.

Онтологическая система С.Л. Франка

S.L. Frank’s ontological system can be actualized in modern philosophical dis­course as an example of a dynamic, permanently developing philosophy, and can be interpreted and later developed as an ontology of consciousness, an ontology of culture. S.L. Frank believed that man is not conceivable without culture, com­posing an antinomy with culture. In the modern world, in which the value of cul­ture is devalued, the ontology of culture can serve as one of the reasons for the controversy surrounding its axiological status. The purpose of the article is a summary of the ontology of S.L. Frank, the identification of its central core, as well as its genesis. The critical and hermeneutic approaches are the research methodology. Ontology S.L. Frank is invited to consider in the antinomical form of her comprehension: the antinomy of being and God includes the antinomies of consciousness and culture, as well as freedom and evil. The source of the on­tological system is the problem of the crisis of culture. The ontologization of cul­ture is possible with the ontologization of the second part of the antinomy – con­sciousness, which is included (ontologized) into the antinomy “being and God” by changing the structure of the intentional act. The antinomy freedom and evil substantiates the idea that there is nothing existing outside the antinomy of being and God. It is concluded that, trying to solve the problem of evil, as well as to put a limit on the decay of being, SL Frank is trying to prevent the disintegration of God. The article may be useful in modern studies in the history of Russian re­ligious philosophy and ontology.

Natural Language Processing for Forecasting Innovative Development of the Energy Infrastructure

The article deals with the application of natural language processing methods to support research and forecasting the innovative development of energy infrastructure. The main methods of NLP, which are used to build an intelligent system to support scientific research, are considered. Methods of building infrastructure for processing Open Linked Data and Big Data are described. Semantic analysis and knowledge integration are based on ontology system. Applying suggested methods allow increasing quality of scientific research in this area and make it more effectively

Review of standards for creating training materials in learning management systems

Creating educational content requires certain rules for creating content, as well as a number of specific stages of its creation, mechanisms and tools that are directly involved in this process. This paper provides an overview of the standards of creation, maintenance of electronic learning materials using learning management systems, as well as analysis and evaluation of their use of ontological systems. Four generations of standards for the creation and maintenance of e-learning materials and a description of each of them: the name of the standards for creating and maintaining the life cycle of e-learning course, as the basic principle of grouping e-learning materials. For some standards, the abbreviation of the standard name and a description of the features of the version are provided. Separately for each such standard the architecture and features of construction of a training course as the carrier of the educational information, its structural features, the applied software interface, principles of construction of electronic educational content with use of the above-stated standards are described. The question of further prospects for their development remains unanswered. Issues related to the process of designing the components of the training course, establishing links and relationships between them are considered separately. In particular, this review is an attempt to consider the standards of the course as allowing to create materials using ontological systems with hierarchical structuring of teaching materials and its subsequent support, as well as to assess the availability of tools to create ontologies as components for the presentation knowledge. In case of a negative answer, a constructive solution to this problem should be offered.

Онтологии научно-технологического прогнозирования в интересах обеспечения обороны и безопасности государства

The relevance is substantiated and proposals for the creation of ontologies for scientific and technological forecasting in the field of defense and state security are formulated based on the methodology for constructing conceptual maps. A basic version of the ontology has been developed, reflecting the interrelationships of the main concepts. The main directions of using ontologies for solving the problems of program-targeted development of the weapons system and the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation are determined. A visual approach to the creation of ontological models of scientific and technological forecasting allows participants in the formation of a forecast to facilitate the process of researching the material of scientific and technological forecasting. The conceptual maps of formation of general forecast, scientific and technological forecast, forecast of military technologies are developed, as well as the areas of application of the ontology of scientific and technological forecast are shown and the issues of automation of forecast formation are considered. The novelty of the presented results lies in a systematic and comprehensive description of the ontology of the formation of a forecast for the development of science and technology in the interests of ensuring the country's defense and state security, which allows eliminating the ambiguity of views on the processes of scientific and technological forecasting. The formed ontological system expands the knowledge of specialists in the formation of forecasts in this area, allows them to unambiguously interpret the concepts, comprehensively and systematically approach the formation of forecasts, which will contribute to improving the quality of the forecasts being generated. Forecasts are part of the unified initial data in the formation of state programs for armament and the development of the military-industrial complex. Authors believe that the proposed ontological system of scientific and technological forecasting will contribute to increasing the feasibility of measures and the effectiveness of state programs.

К вопросу компьютерной обработки естественно-языковых текстов

The present paper deals with the general approach to the problem of analyzing natural language information, including the implementation of a number of information technologies related in one way or another to language modeling. In addition to the development of the aforementioned tech-nologies, it is necessary to develop a formal theory of computer processing of knowledge extracted from natural language texts. The specific features of constructing linguistic models and the criteria for understanding natural language texts are analyzed. This raises a number of problems. The first problem comes down to the problem of analyzing textual information presented in natural language (morphological, syntactic, semantic and logical analysis) in order to extract knowledge. The second problem is associated with designing a system for searching, processing and extracting knowledge, developing and constructing its architecture, as well as tools for the user. The third problem is the development of procedures for the integration of knowledge from several subject areas to ensure the effectiveness of conducting studies of an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary nature. It is also necessary to pay special attention to the use of already developed theoretical prin-ciples and practical solutions. A formal statement of the problem of the analysis of natural language texts is proposed, in which the main subtasks are identified, associated with the calculation of typ-ing relationships of vocabulary of a natural language on a lexico-semantic continuum and the inter-pretation of some text on a given subject model. In the context of the developed architecture of the linguistic-ontological information system, a formal model for processing natural-language texts is proposed, for which an unambiguous correspondence of the processes of processing natural-language information and means (architectural blocks) of their implementation is shown. Keywords: ELRE natural language text, linguistic model, language ontological information system, analysis and understanding of natural language texts.

The development of standardized models of digital twin

Abstract Digital twin is becoming a General Purpose Technology of the coming fourth industrial revolution. However, there is no consistent set of definition, concept system, reference architecture (model), application framework (model), and maturity model of digital twin yet. This paper identifies the relationship among these models, proposes a universal architectural and ontological concept system of digital twin, and a set of unified above models to facilitate the standardization of digital twin.

Ontologies and use case based planning of content delivery

This papers objective was the development of an ontology-based Content Delivery Portal (CDP) in combination with use cases. The aim was to find out how to enrich content in general through an ontology and to investigate the added value of ontologies. In particular, it has been researched how content can be delivered in CDP via an ontological context. The focus of the research team was on the knowledge builder of the ontology system manufacturer i-views for modelling the ontology and embedding content. Furthermore, the research team planned a CDP and implemented the model in the CDP i-views content. To accomplish this, use cases for users in the context of smart homes were developed to derive which information users want and when and how to grant access to the desired content. The implementation in the CDP was fully based on the ontology which was developed over the course of the project. Although the research team presumes that part of the implementation could have been realised with metadata from a CMS, the ontology can be used to provide context information that goes beyond the metadata that is traditionally assigned to individual topics in a CMS.

Онтологический подход к формированию нормативного профиля при сертификации программного обеспечения

The paper describes the methodology for automation of normative profiles forming in software certification. It is noted that currently, the practical evaluation for software certification at the stage of normative profiles forming is mainly a manual analysis of large volumes of normative and project documentation represented by texts in natural language. It leads to certain subjectivity of expert assessments, reduces their completeness and reliability, and the use of standard methods is ineffective due to their universality. The degree of automation of the certification procedure, in general, and normative profiles forming, in particular, are analyzed. The structure of the regulatory profile, the types of regulatory profiles, as well as options for its formation are given. The typical errors that can occur when automating the procedure of normative profiles forming are discussed. It is proved to use the ontological environment for the process automation of normative profiles forming. The description of the subject area of software certification is presented in the form of an extended ontological model, which includes the ontology of software quality criteria, the ontology of the standard database of software certification, the ontology of the core of semantic integrity, and the ontological system of the organization of output on knowledge. The results of the research can be used in the development of an intelligent decisionmaking dialogue system for the auditor of the certification center in order to improve the efficiency of the auditor's work by automating the routine process, as well as reducing the risk of making the wrong decision due to insufficient qualification of the person making the decision.

A methodological approach to the development of a technological platform for intelligent integrated energy system modelling

Modeling of intelligent integrated energy systems, which has a complex structure, is performed using specialized software, which is caused by the computational complexity of the models, methods and algorithms used. The paper lists the requirements for software for modeling intelligent integrated energy systems and concludes that it is necessary to develop a technological platform. A methodological approach to the development of a technological platform for modeling integrated energy systems is presented. The methodological approach includes the following components: principles of building a technological platform, architecture of a technological platform, and the structure of an ontology system, a method of automated integration of software components into a software system.

Ontology-based modelling for content delivery systems

Instead of managing metadata in a content management system (CMS) for content delivery, this research uses an ontology to make use of augmented intelligence. Hence, the retrieval of specific information in a content delivery system (CDS) is provided by a concise metadata concept. Ontology-based metadata concepts can have advantages in comparison to taxonomy-based metadata concepts because of the possibilities they offer to display linked information. The creation of an ontology depends on the vendor’s system, the vendor’s approach and most importantly the particular use case. Due to the ontology modelling, a data transformation for an external CDS is needed. When working with different vendors, requirements and considerations need to be discussed because the outcome can add value to user experience. The goal of this research is to identify the advantages of an ontology system over metadata management in a CMS. These advantages can be extracted by opportunities offered by the ontology modelling and by the transformation process.

A criptoteologia messiânica de Clarice Lispector frente à crise do século XXI. Análise da crônica “Mineirinho”

The article is aimed at pointing out the messianic dimension of Clarice Lispector’s writings. We intend to describe the post-secular vision of the collective redemption embedded in her work as essentially opposed to the vulgarized notion of political messianism. Its core element is the establishment of a new kind of justice, one that would overcome the essential hypocrisy deeply rooted in the ontological system based on individual identities. Giorgio Agamben’s and Agata Bielik-Robson’s ideas are evoked in order to analyze the meaning of the chronicle “Mineirinho” (1962) and its relations with other canonic texts by the Brazilian author.

The case for an embodied approach to listening. Bodies, technologies and perception

In Western philosophical and scientific tradition, aural processes have been subordinated, since antiquity, to rational knowledge and, more recently, to higher cognitive mechanisms. Within this ontological system, sound and listening are represented as essentially disembodied phenomena. However, in recent years, the emergence of an embodied perspective in music studies allows scholars to rethink listening in relation to corporeality. This article aims at presenting a review of the most important approaches – such as motor-mimetic theory, embodied music cognition, musical gesture studies and ecological theories – within the embodied paradigm. By paying particular attention to the close link between sensorimotor patterns and perception theses approaches provides a model to investigate the auditory process in a situated, multimodal and enactive perspective.

Ontology Based Text Mining Framework for Vulnerability Assessment in Health and Social Care

The measure of advanced data that is made and utilized is gradually growing alongside the development of refined equipment and programming. What's more, true information arrive in a decent variety of structures and can be massively cumbersome. This has increased the requirement for great procedures that can find and uncover engaging realities and valuable data from these information. Text Mining (TM), which is an intricate procedure; has been effectively utilized for this reason. Text mining on the other hand alluded to as content data mining, pretty much identical to content examination, can be characterized as the way toward extricating great data from content. Text mining includes the way toward organizing the information, determining designs inside the organized information and in conclusion translation and disclosure of the yield. This paper gives overview on Text mining. Toward the end, this paper presents ontology system to adapt up to extreme social media textual data. We depict vulnerability assessment model intended to help patient management in health and social care. Such a framework isn't intended to supplant existing health and social assessment models but instead to supplement them by giving an all-encompassing image of the vulnerabilities looked by a given patient. Actually, it ought to be viewed as a screening tools for health and social care workers. One key part of the demonstrating structure is the capacity to give customized at this point multi-dimensional assessments of risk of dependent on fragmented data about the patient status, similar to the case in screening situations.

Mapping the knowledge development and frontier areas of public risk governance research

The interdisciplinary research field of public risk governance (PRG) emerged in response to the demands of integrative approaches to deal with increasingly complex and systemic public risks, providing intellectual support for policy frameworks, decision procedures, and institutional arrangements. The research on PRG expanded rapidly, deriving a wide range of interrelated concepts and theories; and growing into an arena of diverse knowledge domains. However, the disparate ontological and discoursal systems by scholars can hinder interdisciplinary dialogue, and impede practical implications. The study conducted an integrative analysis of current scholarly research to build a shared interdisciplinary ontology of PRG. A mixed-method design was employed, combining bibliographic analysis, unsupervised text-mining, and in-depth content analysis, to examine the scholarly research extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The findings provided a holistic map of the PRG research across time and spatial distribution, identifying how diverse knowledge domains emerged, evolved, diffused, and integrated into the present PRG research realm. The future research agendas to which the PRG research field might move forward were also discussed.

Injury Burden in the United States: Accurate, Reliable, and Timely Surveillance Using Electronic Health Care Data.

Current injury surveillance systems in the United States, including the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), are unable to draw reliable subnational and subannual incidence estimates.Compared with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the clinical ontology system currently used widely in health care, NEISS's coding structure lacks specificity and consistency. In parallel, the quality of ICD codes depends on accurate and complete documentation by health care providers and skillful translation into ICD codes in electronic health care data. Additionally, there is no national mandate to collect external cause of injury data.Electronic health care data, such as health records and claims, with updated codes and uniform adherence to recommendations for coding external cause of injury, have the potential to be used for a more robust and timely surveillance of injury to accurately and reliably reflect the injury burden in the United States.

Discourses and Semantic Tropes of the Philosophical Explication of Video Games

The article explores one of the most remarkable and dynamic phenomena of modern technoculture – video games. It reconstructs the genesis of the philosophical discourse on video games, exposing the main difficulties arising in making the definitions. Special importance is attached to the critical comparative analysis of the major strategies for the philosophical explication of video games. With the aid of the method of comparative-historical reconstruction and a structuralist approach, the essential correlations between the essential definition of a video game and the ontological systems of Plato, the Gnostics, G. Berkeley, E. Kant, as well as post-modern philosophy was established. The research results in formulating a model-integrative definition of a video game.

The Sense in which Ethno-philosophy can Remain Relevant in 21st Century African Philosophy

Ethno-philosophy, as a philosophical project, has had its fair share of criticism from some professional African philosophers, with Paulin Hountondji as an outstanding critic. Ethno-philosophy is believed to be deficient in criticality and analyticity, which are considered hallmarks of good philosophy anywhere. In this paper I engage Fainos Mangena, a tireless defender of ethno-philosophy, in a critical conversation. In making a case for the continuing relevance of ethno-philosophy, while acknowledging its shortcomings, I argue that the universalist critique of ethno-philosophy has exposed the philosophical poverty of this specific form of thought. I assert that the equation of ethno-philosophy with substantive African philosophy will lead to the emergence of an impoverished African philosophical tradition, notwithstanding the desirability of a unique African philosophy distinguishable from non-African philosophical traditions—in particular the Western philosophical tradition. I point out that Innocent Asouzu and J.O. Chimakonam’s Ibuanyidanda ontology and Ezumezu logical system demonstrate the viability of a philosophical programme that seeks to transcend ethno-philosophy by enriching it with concepts that promote the criticality and analyticity demanded by critics of ethno-philosophy, in a manner conducive to system-building.