Ontology System Research Articles

Strategies and foundations for scientific discovery in longitudinal studies of bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and dynamic condition with a typical onset in late adolescence or early adulthood followed by an episodic course with intervening periods of subthreshold symptoms or euthymia. It is complicated by the accumulation of comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders. The etiology of BD remains unknown and no reliable biological markers have yet been identified. This is likely due to lack of comprehensive ontological framework and, most importantly, the fact that most studies have been based on small nonrepresentative clinical samples with cross‐sectional designs. We propose to establish large, global longitudinal cohorts of BD studied consistently in a multidimensional and multidisciplinary manner to determine etiology and help improve treatment. Herein we propose collection of a broad range of data that reflect the heterogenic phenotypic manifestations of BD that include dimensional and categorical measures of mood, neurocognitive, personality, behavior, sleep and circadian, life‐story, and outcomes domains. In combination with genetic and biological information such an approach promotes the integrating and harmonizing of data within and across current ontology systems while supporting a paradigm shift that will facilitate discovery and become the basis for novel hypotheses.

The Question of the Nature of God from the African Place

What is the constituent nature of God? Most scholars project the idea that God is an absolute, pure spirit devoid of matter. In this paper, I engage this position from the African philosophical place. First, I contend that the postulation that God is pure spirit stems from an ontological system known as dualism. This system bifurcates reality into spirit and matter and sees spirit as good, and matter as evil. Therefore, scholars who subscribe to this theory of dualism, posit that God, the Supreme Being is the ultimate good that is, and is pure spirit. Secondly, I disagree with this position. Using the African theory of duality, I argue that everything that is has both spirit and matter, and that spirit and matter are good. Thus, God as an existent reality consists of spirit and matter. I will support my argument using Asouzu’s Ibuanyidanda ontology and Ijiomah’s Harmonious Monism, two African culture-inspired philosophical systems. In this paper, I employ conversationalism as my philosophical method.

Transformation of Health and Social Care Systems-An Interdisciplinary Approach Toward a Foundational Architecture.

ObjectiveFor realizing pervasive and ubiquitous health and social care services in a safe and high quality as well as efficient and effective way, health and social care systems have to meet new organizational, methodological, and technological paradigms. The resulting ecosystems are highly complex, highly distributed, and highly dynamic, following inter-organizational and even international approaches. Even though based on international, but domain-specific models and standards, achieving interoperability between such systems integrating multiple domains managed by multiple disciplines and their individually skilled actors is cumbersome.MethodsUsing the abstract presentation of any system by the universal type theory as well as universal logics and combining the resulting Barendregt Cube with parameters and the engineering approach of cognitive theories, systems theory, and good modeling best practices, this study argues for a generic reference architecture model moderating between the different perspectives and disciplines involved provide on that system. To represent architectural elements consistently, an aligned system of ontologies is used.ResultsThe system-oriented, architecture-centric, and ontology-based generic reference model allows for re-engineering the existing and emerging knowledge representations, models, and standards, also considering the real-world business processes and the related development process of supporting IT systems for the sake of comprehensive systems integration and interoperability. The solution enables the analysis, design, and implementation of dynamic, interoperable multi-domain systems without requesting continuous revision of existing specifications.

Review of Semantic Importance and Role of using Ontologies in Web Information Retrieval Techniques

The Web contains an enormous amount of information, which is managed to accumulate, researched, and regularly used by many users. The nature of the Web is multilingual and growing very fast with its diverse nature of data including unstructured or semi-structured data such as Websites, texts, journals, and files. Obtaining critical relevant data from such vast data with its diverse nature has been a monotonous and challenging task. Simple key phrase data gathering systems rely heavily on statistics, resulting in a word incompatibility problem related to a specific word's inescapable semantic and situation variants. As a result, there is an urgent need to arrange such colossal data systematically to find out the relevant information that can be quickly analyzed and fulfill the users' needs in the relevant context. Over the years ontologies are widely used in the semantic Web to contain unorganized information systematic and structured manner. Still, they have also significantly enhanced the efficiency of various information recovery approaches. Ontological information gathering systems recover files focused on the semantic relation of the search request and the searchable information. This paper examines contemporary ontology-based information extraction techniques for texts, interactive media, and multilingual data types. Moreover, the study tried to compare and classify the most significant developments utilized in the search and retrieval techniques and their major disadvantages and benefits.

Adaptive Learning System of Ontology using Semantic Web to Mining Data from Distributed Heterogeneous Environment

Nowadays, the process of ontology learning for describing heterogeneous systems is an influential phenomenon to enhance the effectiveness of such systems using Social Network representation and Analysis (SNA). This paper presents a novel scenario for constructing adaptive architecture to develop community performance for heterogeneous communities as a case study. The crawling of the semantic webs is a new approach to create a huge data repository for classifying these communities. The architecture of the proposed system involves two cascading modules in achieving the ontology data, which is represented in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. The proposed system improves the enhancement of these environments achieving both semantic web and SNA tools. Its contribution clearly appears on the community productions and skills developments. Python 3.9.0 platform was used for data pre-processing, feature extraction and clustering via Naïve Bayesian and support vector machine. Two case studies were conducted to test the accuracy rate of the proposed system. The accuracy rate for the case studies was (90.771%) and (90.1149 %) respectively, which is considered an affective precision when it is compared with the related scenario with the same data set.

Conversion of companies and source code comment ontology into RelOntoUML

In this article, the conversion of a Companies and a source code commenting (SEM) ontology system into the RelOntoUML modelling system is presented. The two ontology systems are in OWL format available on github. After the simplification of the OWL files, I converted these two systems to RelOntoUML. RelOntoUML is a proprietary modelling that combines ontology, UML, and relational database modeling.

Teorijski sufizam - periodizacija istorije discipline

Theoretical Sufism is an ontology formulated by prominent Muslim mystics. They are primarily known for their intuitive experiences in the highest realms of total existence. In the light of the final intuitions, these mystics got the opportunity to present a new system of ontology, that is, mystical knowledge about the problem of being in general. The answer to the questions about what reality is and how it really exists they provided through their spiritual experiences when they directly, with the eye of the heart, saw the most hidden secrets of existence and on that basis they built a system of knowledge about all lower levels of the universe. Muslims had intuitive knowledge with ontological content ever since the earliest period of the emergence of Islam. However, the results of their mystical effort, when ontological and metaphysical questions are involved, were not united in a separate study discipline. The discipline, which would be called theoretical Sufism, was officially established in the 13th century by the famous Ibn ʻArabī, and his students and influential representatives of his school will continuously improve and strengthen the structural order of the new ontological discipline in the cognitive tradition of Islam. At the beginning of the 17th century, Mullā Ṣadrā Shīrāzī made one of the biggest turning points in the history of Muslim thought when, in his new philosophical school, which he called transcendent philosophy, he proved the truth of the ontological principles of theoretical Sufism with grounded philosophical demonstrations. Mullā Ṣadrā himself explained that by uniting Islamic philosophy and theoretical Sufism, he actually completed the mission of philosophy and metaphysics in general.

Метафизическая концепция места и времени Аристотеля в свете идеи симулякра Жиля Делёза

Introduction. The author analyzes the problem of time in Aristotle’s metaphysical ontology through the prism of G. Deleuze’s simulacrum concept. The purpose of this paper is to search for new interpretive possibilities for building a modern philosophical time theory. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is (G. Deleuze’s simulacrum idea) the basic principles of simulacrum building, which are applied to Aristo- tle’s theory of time. Scientific novelty of the study. The study focuses on the relationship of time and difference, dif- ference and meaning. The author substantiates the thesis about the simulative nature of time in Aristotle’s ontological system. On the basis of the relationship, the author proposes and reveals the idea of synchrony, which could combine these two phenomena into a single system of relations, with- out reducing one to the other and without falling into a vicious circle. Results. On the basis of the analysis, it was re- vealed that time in Aristotle’s concept has the fea- tures of a simulacrum. The analysis makes it pos- sible to define synchrony as a temporal concept. Conclusions. The proposed method makes it pos- sible to carry out similar types of analysis in other metaphysical systems in order to determine the possibility of identifying a concept.

A systematic review of ontology use in E-Learning recommender system

Ontology and knowledge-based systems typically provide e-learning recommender systems. However, ontology use in such systems is not well studied in systematic detail. Therefore, this research examines the development and evaluation of ontology-based recommender systems. The study also discusses technical ontology use and the recommendation process. We identified multidisciplinary ontology-based recommender systems in 28 journal articles. These systems combined ontology with artificial intelligence, computing technology, education, education psychology, and social sciences. Student models and learning objects remain the primary ontology use, followed by feedback, assessments, and context data. Currently, the most popular recommendation item is the learning object, but learning path, feedback, and learning device could be the future considerations. This recommendation process is reciprocal and can be initiated either by the system or students. Standard ontology languages are commonly used, but standards for student profiles and learning object metadata are rarely adopted. Moreover, ontology-based recommender systems seldom use the methodology of building ontologies and hardly use other ontology methodologies. Similarly, none of the primary studies described ontology evaluation methodologies, but the systems are evaluated by nonreal students, algorithmic performance tests, statistics, questionnaires, and qualitative observations. In conclusion, the findings support the implementation of ontology methodologies and the integration of ontology-based recommendations into existing learning technologies. The study also promotes the use of recommender systems in social science and humanities courses, non-higher education, and open learning environments.

Benchmark construction and experimental evaluations for incoherent ontologies

As the core building blocks of the Semantic Web, ontologies provide shared vocabularies and conceptual knowledge for specific application fields. At the same time, ontologies can restrict their individuals and relationships through their semantic schema. However, logical conflicts of an ontology are often inevitably unavoidable in actual application scenarios when the ontology contains any form of disjointness or negation. Generally, logical conflicts can be divided into incoherence and inconsistency. Reasoning with incoherent ontologies may obtain many redundant relationships, and incoherence is a potential cause of inconsistency which seriously affects the correctness of semantic reasoning Therefore, handling incoherence is imperative, which mainly involves the fields of conflicts detection, ontology repair and justification computation. Various incoherent ontologies are indispensable to evaluate the proposed methods for handling incoherence. We provide a survey of relevant research works to study the proposed construction methods of incoherent ontologies. It is observed that incoherent ontologies in existing works still have the following limitations: (1) Lots of web pages used to download ontologies were temporarily constructed are now inaccessible; (2) Most of the existing incoherent ontologies were constructed in a simple way such as randomly adding disjointness axioms or merging ontologies through their alignments without considering all possible incoherence cases. To address the limitations, we propose a general framework to construct incoherent ontologies and design a hybrid algorithm to instantiate this framework. With the implemented construction methods, a comprehensive benchmark containing 116 ontologies is constructed. In our evaluations, incoherent ontologies in the benchmark are measured with 11 classic metrics. We then compare 5 representative ontology debugging systems and 3 repair methods. The evaluation results reveal that these ontologies could reflect different characteristics of each ontology system and repair method. All observations could guide researchers to select incoherent ontologies. The availability of our benchmark makes a contribution to the community of ontology debugging and repair fields.

Analysis of approaches for identification the ontological model components of the searching system

The object of research is the components of an intelligent system for searching information in electronic repositories of unstructured documents, which based on the ontologies of the subject area. One of the most problematic areas is the processing and analysis of information contained in electronic repositories of unstructured documents. There are considered the some possibilities of increasing the efficiency of information processing. In the course of the study, using the method in which ontologies comprise sets of terms presented in it. In addition, the ontological set also includes information about subject areas, areas of definitions, etc. There are obtained the sequence of defining the conceptual representation of an intelligent search system based on ontological components. There are presented the composition of the ontological system model. There are described the main functional components of the system for intelligent processing of information about electronic documents. The proposed approaches for identifying the component components of the ontological model of the search system have a lot of features. This is due to the fact that the search system model must have a set of properties: integrity, coherence, organization, integrability, mobility. Ontologies which representing the basic concepts of the domain in a format available for automated processing in the form of a hierarchy of classes and relationships between them allow automated processing. The using of ontologies in the role of an intermediary between the user and the search process, between the search process and the search system that can facilitate the solution of a number of complex and non-standard tasks of information retrieval (for example, the automation of the search process). It is possible to solve the problem of knowledge representation for displaying information relevant to user requests, as well as to solve the problems of filtering and classifying information. Compared to similar well-known search systems, this provides such advantages as creating a common terminology for software agents and users, protecting the information store from total overflow and errors, as well as solving the issue of information aging.

DISCO: a database of Deeply Integrated human Single-Cell Omics data.

The ability to study cellular heterogeneity at single cell resolution is making single-cell sequencing increasingly popular. However, there is no publicly available resource that offers an integrated cell atlas with harmonized metadata that users can integrate new data with. Here, we present DISCO (https://www.immunesinglecell.org/), a database of Deeply Integrated Single-Cell Omics data. The current release of DISCO integrates more than 18 million cells from 4593 samples, covering 107 tissues/cell lines/organoids, 158 diseases, and 20 platforms. We standardized the associated metadata with a controlled vocabulary and ontology system. To allow large scale integration of single-cell data, we developed FastIntegration, a fast and high-capacity version of Seurat Integration. We also developed CELLiD, an atlas guided automatic cell type identification tool. Employing these two tools on the assembled data, we constructed one global atlas and 27 sub-atlases for different tissues, diseases, and cell types. DISCO provides three online tools, namely Online FastIntegration, Online CELLiD, and CellMapper, for users to integrate, annotate, and project uploaded single-cell RNA-seq data onto a selected atlas. Collectively, DISCO is a versatile platform for users to explore published single-cell data and efficiently perform integrated analysis with their own data.

Apocalyptic Fears in a Time of Dying (of) Whiteness

Abstract This article considers what caused the resurgence of white nationalist rage, resentment, and fears before and after Donald Trump was elected to office. For the white working class, declining economic prospects for mobility were sutured to fears of a dying whiteness. The political right used information tactics that normalized a conspiratorial, “post-truth” worldview. For white middle- and upper-class Americans who have been thriving economically since the 1980s, the fears of a dying whiteness were overwhelmingly projected as future possibilities. Such emotional investments in defending whiteness forged a cross-class identification with Trump's white nationalist agenda. At the same time, racial and environmental justice movements made other white Americans increasingly aware that they might be dying of whiteness—a ontological and materialist system that is leading to a collective process of social degradation and ecological self-destruction. The essay speculates on what might motivate white Americans to join a broader divestment from systemic racism and to create a new ontology based on atonement and reparations.

Construction and applications of knowledge graph of porphyry copper deposits

A knowledge graph is becoming popular due to its ability to describe the real world by using a graph language that can be understood by both humans and machines using computer technologies. A case study to construct the knowledge graph of porphyry copper deposits is presented in this paper. First of all, the raw text data is collected and integrated from selected porphyry copper deposits and porphyry-skarn copper deposits in the Qinzhou Bay – Hangzhou Bay metallogenic belt, South China. Second, the text's entities, relations, and attributes are labeled and extracted with reference to the conceptual model of porphyry copper deposits in the study area. The third, a knowledge graph of porphyry copper deposits, was constructed using Neo4j 4.3. The resulted knowledge graph of porphyry copper deposit has the basic functions of an application. Furthermore, as part of a planned integrated knowledge graph from a single deposit, through an upper-geared metallogenic series, to a high-top metallogenic province, the understanding from the present study may be extended to mineral resource prospectivity and assessment beyond today. The interrelationship between the earth system, the metallogenic system, the exploration system, and the prospectivity and assessment (ES-MS-ES-PS) should be completely understood, and a knowledge graph system for ES-MS-ES-PS is needed. The key scientific and technological problems for achieving the ES-MS-ES-PS knowledge graph system are included in the progressively relative system of the domain ontology and knowledge graph of ES-MS-ES-PS, the automatic construction technology of complicated ESMS-ES-PS domain ontology and knowledge graph, the self-evolution and complementary techniques for multi-modal correlation data embedding in the ES-MS-ES-PS knowledge graph, and the knowledge graph, big data mining and artificial intelligence based on ES-resource prospectivity, and assessment theory, and methods.

DEVELOPMENT OF ONTOLOGICAL DECISION MAKING SYSTEM OF THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS ON COOPERATION PRODUCTION IN AIRCRAFT

Subject matter: means of information support for the negotiation process on the organization of cooperative production of aircraft. Goal: an outline of the process of developing effective means of information support for negotiations on cooperative production, which will provide financial savings, firstly, by reducing the negotiation time, and secondly, is reducing the likelihood of making irrational decisions that can lead to additional costs during project implementation. Tasks: Increase the efficiency of the negotiation process on the organization of cooperative production by creating a problem-oriented methodological basis, and on this basis - software tools for the development, deployment and operation of the appropriate decision support system. Methods: system analysis and set theory, for the formal presentation of relevant information about the subject area "Negotiations on cooperative aircraft production"; ontological engineering, in particular the IDEF5 standard, as well as elements of expert systems technology, for building an ontological decision support system. Results: an aggregate of methodological tools for the synthesis of ontological decision support systems was developed during negotiations on the organization of cooperative production of aircraft, a scenario example of organizing an ontological dialogue in the environment of an ontological decision support system for defining an aircraft model as an object of cooperative production was given. Conclusions: the need to supplement the mathematical support of traditional negotiation support systems with special methodological means is shown to increase the efficiency of information support for the negotiation process on organizing cooperative production in aircraft construction; it is substantiated that for the program implementation of the system of information support for negotiations on the organization, it is advisable to use the ontological approach; the architecture of the intellectual core of the ontological decision support system for organizing the negotiation process for organizing the cooperative production of aircraft in the form of a hierarchy of frames, with the organization of knowledge-based inference by means of attached procedures is proposed; a scenario example of the formation of a decision on the choice of an aircraft model for the organization of cooperative production in the environment of an ontological decision support system is given.

Towards the Representation of Network Assets in Health Care Environments Using Ontologies.

Objectives The aim of the study is to design an ontology model for the representation of assets and its features in distributed health care environments. Allow the interchange of information about these assets through the use of specific vocabularies based on the use of ontologies. Methods Ontologies are a formal way to represent knowledge by means of triples composed of a subject, a predicate, and an object. Given the sensitivity of network assets in health care institutions, this work by using an ontology-based representation of information complies with the FAIR principles. Federated queries to the ontology systems, allow users to obtain data from multiple sources (i.e., several hospitals belonging to the same public body). Therefore, this representation makes it possible for network administrators in health care institutions to have a clear understanding of possible threats that may emerge in the network. Results As a result of this work, the “Software Defined Networking Description Language—CUREX Asset Discovery Tool Ontology” (SDNDL-CAO) has been developed. This ontology uses the main concepts in network assets to represent the knowledge extracted from the distributed health care environments: interface, device, port, service, etc. Conclusion The developed SDNDL-CAO ontology allows to represent the aforementioned knowledge about the distributed health care environments. Network administrators of these institutions will benefit as they will be able to monitor emerging threats in real-time, something critical when managing personal medical information.

Relativism as an Ontological System

Relativism as an Ontological System

Los Rodeos de burros

Through the analysis of first-hand ethnographic material and its discussion with certain documentary sources and with contemporary historiographic advances, we study a practice of collective work that is still in force in the 21st century among the rural communities of Puna and Quebrada regions, in the province of Jujuy: the rodeos de burros (donkey rodeos). Three aspects of this practice are addressed: firstly, the conceptual and symbolic specificities that asinine cattle acquire in the local ontological system. Secondly, the system of collective work organization that is displayed in the activity of rodeos, thus identifying two different mechanisms of social cooperation and territorial coordination in contemporary practices. Finally, the mutual enchainments of these practices, thus producing different chains of supra-community regional identity. Through the approach of two documentary sources from the 19th century, we study how these three characteristics acquired their current form as a mechanism for the reordering of collective identities and territories in the context of the ethnic and juridical de-structuring suffered by the indocolonial communities in the face of the advances of the liberal state system.

Intelligent Souls? Feminist Orientalism in Eighteenth-Century English Literature

Intelligent Souls? Feminist Orientalism in Eighteenth-Century English Literature

Real-Time Dynamic Tiered e-Consent: A Novel Tool for Patients' Engagement and Common Ontology System for the Management of Medical Data

Real-Time Dynamic Tiered e-Consent: A Novel Tool for Patients' Engagement and Common Ontology System for the Management of Medical Data