Omsk Region Research Articles

Health-related quality of life of the rural and urban population in Western Siberia: a descriptive study

Aim. To assess the health-related quality of life of the rural and urban population in Western Siberia.Materials and methods. The study was conducted by simple random sampling of 205 people (97 men and 108 women) from residents of rural areas of the Omsk region (n = 132) and the city of Omsk (n = 73). The method of active survey in the form of an interview was used. The MOS SF-36 health survey questionnaire was used in combination with a specially developed questionnaire for sociological studies of the health of rural populations.Results. The highest scores were found on the scales of physical (PF), role physical (RF), and social functioning (SF). For the majority of questionnaire scales, the values obtained for rural residents were lower than those for urban residents. These concerned the PF, General Health (GH), Vitality (VT), SF, and mental health (MH) scales. The values characterizing the physical and psychological components of health were also lower in rural residents. A similar pattern was established when comparing the indicators of rural and urban men on the VT, SF, and MH scales. When comparing the indicators of rural and urban women, significant differences were found on the PF, GH, VT, SF, and MH scales. On all these scales, indicators were also higher among urban women. The respondents’ answers to questions about physical well-being and mental state showed a greater severity of characteristics indicating the development of emotional exhaustion among rural residents.Conclusion. The established low levels of the health-related quality of life among the rural population of the region indicate the relevance of developing and implementing respective targeted preventive programs.

Hygienic assessment of potassium intake from food

Aim. To assess the level of potassium intake among the adult population in Western Siberia.Materials and methods. The actual level of potassium intake from food products was assessed by surveying a representative sample of 441 adults in the Omsk region (Russia) using a questionnaire of food consumption frequency in 2019–2020.Results. The median daily potassium intake in the studied sample was 2620.9 mg/day (2005.97; 3456.10), which corresponded to the level of potassium intake in other Russian regions and other countries. This level was found to be significantly lower than that recommended by WHO. The share of adult population with a potassium consumption below physiological requirements in the Omsk region was 39.2 ± 2.3%. No significant differences were observed in potassium intake between men and women (except for the age group of 65 years and older), as well as between different age groups. The main potassium sources were established to be vegetables (37.8%), fruits (16.5%), potatoes (9.2%), fresh tomatoes (8.7%), fresh apples (8.0%), and soups (6.9%). An increase in age was associated with a decrease in potassium intake from confectionery and beverages. At the same time, the contribution of such food groups as ‘porridge and pasta’ and ‘fish and seafood’ increased. In women, vegetables and fruits made a slightly greater contribution as potassium sources. In men, these were bakery and meat products.Conclusion. Insufficient potassium intake among the large share of adult population in the Omsk region can be a significant risk factor in the development of arterial hypertension, which requires preventive measures.

Analysis of occupational morbidity among Female agricultural workers in Omsk region

Analysis of occupational morbidity among Female agricultural workers in Omsk region

Influence of the harvesting method on the processes of moisture accumulation and yield capacity

BACKGROUND: A feature of the climate of the steppe zones of Western Siberia is the frequent recurrence of droughts. Accumulation and preservation of solid precipitation in the form of snow on field in winter is a relevant task, since this directly affects the accumulation of productive moisture in soil by the time of sowing and, as a result, the formation of the future harvest.
 AIMS: To determine the influence of the snow cover level, moisture reserves and productive moisture in the soil on a stubble background, harvested with a thresher for direct combining and a rippler on the yield capacity of spring wheat.
 METHODS: The field experiment was carried out in 2021-2022 in the steppe zone of the Omsk region at the Novouralskoye Scientific and Production Enterprise of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center. In the autumn of 2021, sections of the field were marked out for measurements: wheat stubble field after the thresher for direct combining, wheat stubble field after the rippler. In March 2022, indicators of the height of the snow cover and moisture reserves in the snow were determined on the marked areas using the VS-43 balance snow gauge. In the spring, wheat was sown with the machine-tractor unit, consisting of the RSM 2400 tractor and the Amazone Condor 15001-C sowing facility. In autumn, the chosen field sections were harvested with the Sampo-250 seed-production harvester.
 RESULTS: It was found that after harvesting with the thresher for direct combining with a stubble background of about 15 cm, there is a decrease in the moisture reserve in the one-meter-depth layer by almost 2 times, down to 48.6 mm, by the spring period. The moisture reserve on a high stubble background, after the operation of the rippler, on the contrary, was able to persist, as there were 96.6 mm of productive moisture in the one-meter-depth layer by the time of sowing. The average grain yield on the field section sown after the rippler was 1.16 t/ha. The average grain yield on the field section sown after harvesting with the thresher for direct combining was 1.06 t/ha. Thus, the grain increase was 0.1 t/ha or 9.4%.
 CONCLUSIONS: The carried out field experiment indicates that, when harvesting with a rippler, there is a twofold increase in productive moisture by the time of sowing, while the increase in the yield of spring soft wheat grain was 9.4%.

Variation of <i>k’</i> / <i>t’</i> as a Characteristic Feature of the German Mennonites Language in Siberia

The article is based on the material of one of the Germanic languages represented in Siberia, known in the world as Plautdietsch or the Low German language (dialect) of the Mennonites. One of the striking features of the Plautdietsch consonant system is considered – the variation of the k’/t’ sound types in certain positions in the word, primarily in combination with the vowels of the front row (k’int / t’int ‘child’, k’oak’ / t’oat’ ‘church’), as well as in some consonant combinations (for example, drin’k’ә / drin’t’ә to ‘drink’, ma:lk’ / ma:lt’ ‘milk’). The use of k’ or t’, respectively, was considered by some researchers to be the markers of two dialects within the Mennonite language: k’ – Chortiza and t’ – Molotscha. From a diachronic point of view, these sounds go back to the common German k; they appeared as a result of the so-called Frisian palatalization. Archival dialectological material confirms the use of these two sounds in the Mennonite colonies of southern Russia at the beginning of the last century.In the settlements of Siberia, where there are a large number of Plautdietsch speakers, according to our observations, the forms with t’ were used according to the Molochna type (t’oat’ ‘church’, t’int ‘child’, veat’ ‘week’).A new impetus to the exploration of this alternation was given by the material collected during the last linguistic expedition to the village of Apollonovka in the Omsk region, where a large isolated community of Plautdietsch speakers is located. In the speech of the inhabitants of this village, the use of t’ (Molochna type) prevails in all these positions, however, the forms on k’ used by some carriers were also recorded (so, you can hear ma:lk’ / ma:lt’ ‘milk’, k’in’a / t’in’a ‘children’ and so on). At the same time, both forms are recognized by the informants as correct.The assumption is made that these sound types cannot be regarded as consonants marking different dialects, but rather as optional variants.A sound was also recorded that was not mentioned in the studies earlier (s’t’), which appears in preposition to sonorants, especially before -l: k’lɔid / t’lɔid / s’t’lɔid ‘dress’. The consonant under consideration can be tentatively designated as a soft medial-occlusive spirant. Most likely, its appearance represents the third stage of mitigation in the considered alternation according to the scheme k > k’ > t’ > s’t’.The observations presented in the article, based on the analysis of actual field material, can be the beginning of further study of the variability of the Mennonite language in Siberia.

Traffic monitoring at the planning stage of an intelligent transport system (on the example of the city of Omsk)

The article presents a variant of substantiating the choice of sections of the road network for collecting data and conducting an analytical review regarding information on traffic flows at the stage of implementing an intelligent transport system. Today, this issue is relevant. This is due to the approval of the "Concept for the creation an intelligent transport systems for the Omsk region in 2022". The authors considered the main types of traffic monitoring. The main indicators of the local project for the implementation of an intelligent transport system have been established. A map is presented with the recommended location of sections of highways and stationary posts for recording traffic parameters for monitoring on the road network of the city of Omsk. A comparative analysis of methods for examining traffic parameters at stationary posts and with the help of a control vehicle is presented. Keywords: intelligent transport system, traffic management, traffic monitoring, traffic flow parameters, road network

Search for productive, drought-resistant accessions of soft spring wheat for breeding in the conditions of Kirov region

The article presents the results of study of 73 varieties of soft spring wheat from the new samples in the world collection of the Federal Research Center "All-Russian Institute of Plant Breeding named after N. I. Vavilov" in order to include the productive, drought-resistant samples into the working collection on crop breeding in the conditions of the Kirov region. According to the results of the field assessment of 2019...2021, which includes an analysis of the elements of productivity and yield structure, 23 samples were identified as sources of breeding-valuable traits. According to the lowest depression of thevalues of productivity elements in a dry year (2021, НTC = 1.07) relative to the optimal moisture supply (2019, НTC = 1.30), domestic medium-ripened samples RIMA (Moscow region, Ryazan region), Tobolskaya (Altai Kr.), Ulyanovskaya 105 and Ekada 70 (Ulyanovsk region) are classified as drought-resistant, which allows them to be included into breeding work for resistance to summer drought. Resistance to early spring drought was evaluated in the laboratory conditions under simulated drought (sucrose solution, osmotic pressure 6 atm.) and normal humidification conditions (distilled water, 0 atm.) according to the percentage of germination of seeds and the parameters of one seedling (the number of seminal roots, the mass of dry matter). As the result, 19 potentially drought-resistant samples of soft spring wheat were identified. For inclusion into breeding work for resistance to early spring drought, medium-early varieties Zauralochka (Kurgan region, Russia) and Chayka (Belarus), medium-ripened RIMA (Moscow region, Ryazan region, Russia) and Uralosibirskaya (Omsk region, Russia) are recommended.Highly productive samples with complex drought resistance Ekada 109 (Tatarstan, Russia) and Ekaterina (Sverdlovsk region, Russia) have been identified, which provides them to be considered as universal donors for the creation of varieties of soft spring wheat adapted to the conditions of the Kirov region.

Non-use of arable land as a reflection of the problems in agricultural production

The article deals with the processes and state of agriculture, land quality and natural conditions leading to the non-use of arable land. The authors analyzed the situation in the Omsk region and the reflection of this phenomenon by various government structures. In this paper the authors propose to use the analysis as a preliminary procedure before conducting a land inventory and instrumental identification of such lands.

Review of the genus Paraseiulus Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) of Russia

Russian species of the genus Paraseiulus Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were reviewed based on the material collected in this study as well as previous literature reports. As a result, a new species, P. pseudoincognitus sp. nov., collected from leaves of Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae) in Omsk Region, Russia, was described and illustrated from adults of both sexes. Moreover, supplementary descriptions and new illustrations of four species, P. incognitus Wainstein & Arutunjan, P. soleiger (Ribaga), P. triporus (Chant & Yoshida-Shaul) and P. xiningensis (Chen & Chu) were provided, based on the newly collected specimens to facilitate species delimitation. In addition, P. intermixtus Kolodochka was proposed as a new junior synonym of P. soleiger, and both P. trimediosetus (Xin, Liang & Ke) and P. inobservatus Kolodochka were synonymized with P. xiningensis. Identification key for the Russian species of the genus was provided.

Возрастные и гендерные особенности пациентов с туберкулезом и сопутствующей коморбидной патологией, проживающих в сельской местности

Tuberculosis, if infected, develops regardless of gender, age, place and living conditions. The development of the disease in individuals with pre-existing comorbid somatic pathology has a mutually aggravating effect on the body as a whole. Aim. The purpose of the study was to analyze the gender and age characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic non-infectious diseases in the Omsk district of the Omsk region. Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 161 patients living in the Omsk district of the Omsk region, receiving treatment for tuberculosis at the Omsk Central Regional Hospital. In 123 (76.4%) patients, comorbid somatic diseases of various locations were identified. Results. Based on the analysis of medical records, 170 cases of chronic non-communicable diseases were identified. Most often, gastrointestinal diseases were diagnosed (37.6%) (chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer), almost 90% of them in young and middle age. In second place are diseases of the cardiovascular system. A quarter of the patients were diagnosed with arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease or chronic heart failure, 2/3 in young and middle age, only 10% in old age. In patients with tuberculosis, most CNDs manifested in young and middle age. Conclusions. Mortality is higher among elderly people with pathology of the cardiovascular system, without differences by gender. By gender, mortality in patients with tuberculosis and gastrointestinal diseases is higher among men, without differences in age.

Development of a water-vegetable frame of an urban area (Isilkul city, Omsk region)

Development of a water-vegetable frame of an urban area (Isilkul city, Omsk region)

Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer

At present, pancreatic cancer morbidity continues to grow at an accelerated rate worldwide. At the same time the five-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer remains low, occupying a significant position in the mortality structure. This is mainly due to late diagnosis, as well as to the increasing proportion of the elderly population. Factors influencing the prognosis include age, sex, blood group, family history and genetic predisposition, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, chronic pancreatitis, and obesity. Objective: to present up-to-date data on pancreatic cancer epidemiology in the world, Russian Federation and Omsk region. Materials and methods: the article analyzes the data of morbidity, mortality and five-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer for the years 2020-2021. Results: the growth of morbidity and persistent low survival rates emphasize the necessity of determining methods of screening patients with high risk of pancreatic cancer, developing methods of early detection and improving both surgical and drug treatment of these patients, as well as prophylaxis.

Vitricity of grain and evaluation of adaptive capability of perspective lines of spring hard wheat in the conditions of the Omsk region

The authors studied varieties and lines of durum spring wheat according to grain vitreousness in 2019–2022 based on the selected crop rotation of the durum wheat laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Omsk ANC”, as well as at the stronghold of seed production in the steppe zone in the village Novouralsky of the Tavrichesky district of the Omsk region. Competitive variety testing was based on a pure fallow of 26 numbers, five varieties. The area of plots is ten m², repeated four times; the placement is randomised. The weather conditions differed, in contrast, both in terms of precipitation and temperature regime. In 2019, atypical meteorological conditions developed: favourable in the first growing season and dry in the second (Volga type of drought); in 2020, a deficit was observed throughout the summer. The most unfavourable conditions for filling and ripening of grain took shape in 2021 and 2022. Ecological plasticity parameters were calculated according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell. The effects of additive and multiplicative interactions (AMMI-analysis) were determined by R.W. Zobel et al. The analysis showed the effectiveness of differentiating the genotype’s response to the AMMI analysis’s environment and the S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell. Average vitreousness for 2019–2022 amounted to 57.5%. According to varieties and lines, vitreousness varied from 54 to 62%. The lines Gordeiforme 12-11-7 and Gordeiforme 14-83-1 were the most responsive to changing environmental conditions. For cultivation in Western Siberia, the following varieties are recommended: Omsk malachite and the line Gordeiforme 12-75-3.

Application of Coercive Measures in Criminal Cases with Suspended Preliminary Investigation

The paper deals with some issues related to the possibility of applying measures of procedural coercion after the suspension of criminal proceedings. The author focuses on the need to improve the legislation governing the application of coercive measures in case of suspension of the preliminary investigation. Based on the analysis of investigative practice, taking into account the position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the paper assesses the existing approaches to resolving the issue of the possibility of using coercive measures after the proceedings in the criminal case have been suspended. Following the interviews with judges of the Omsk region district courts, the paper highlights approaches to solving the problem of the effect of procedural coercion measures after the suspension of criminal proceedings. The author proposes to amend Art. 209 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which regulates the actions of the investigator after the suspension of the preliminary investigation, indicating the possibility (or lack of it) of applying procedural coercive measures in the event of suspension of criminal proceedings.

Оценка экологической пластичности и стабильности генотипов рапса ярового в различных зонах возделывания

The purpose of the research was a comparative estimation of adaptive potential of new cultivars and promising variety samples of spring rapeseed bred at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. In 2021–2022, the environmental estimation of the new cultivars Balans, Kenar, and Tavrion and promising variety samples VN-PR, VN-2478, VN-DL, VN-417, and VN-D5065 was conducted in field crop rotations in the Krasnodar, Lipetsk, Moscow, Omsk, and Leningrad regions. Indicators of the environmental plasticity and stability were calculated due to methods by Eberhart S.A., Rassell W.A. as published by Zykin V.A. The stress resistance and an average yield in contrast conditions were determined due to the equation by Rossille A.A., Hamblin J. as expounded by Goncharenko A.A. The potential productivity and adaptability were determined due to methods by Zhivotkov L.A. The most favorable conditions for growth and development of spring rapeseed plants formed in the Omsk region, an average yield of genotypes was 2.06 t/ha, and an environmental index was 4.08. The satisfactory conditions formed in the Lipetsk region (Ij = 0.14) where the average yield was 1.66 t/ha. The promising variety samples of spring rapeseed VN-PR and VN-417 appeared to be highly flexible to the changing conditions in the cultivation zones – bi was equal to 1.2 and 1.1, respectively. The cultivar Tavrion (0.10) and variety samples BN-PR and VN-DL (0.27) are characterized with the high stability, have the best adaptability to the decline of weather conditions. The cultivar Balans (-0.55) and variety sample VN-D5065 (-0.56) demonstrated the high stress resistance. The cultivar Balans (1.79) and variety sample VN-417 (1.80) possess the high genetic potential. The cultivar Balans and samples VN-2478, VN-DL, and VN-417 were characterized with the highest indicators (higher than 100%) of a coefficient of the adaptability.

Prevalence of oncopatology risk factors among residents of the Omsk region

Aim. To assessment the prevalence of cancer risk factors in various population groups of the Omsk region.Materials and Methods. The descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study included residents of the Omsk region (n = 542) aged 18 to 83 years. To obtain the data, we performed a survey which included questionnaires on the daily patterns and frequency of food consumption, eating habits, and health status. In addition, we assessed the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of cancer, overweight.Results. At least one of the studied risk factors was present in 80.1 ± 1.7% of the adult population, including 84.9% of men and 76.3% of women (p = 0.030). The most common factors were: excessive consumption (> 500 g/week) of red and processed meat (55.8 ± 2.1%), overweight (53.6 ± 2.1%), excessive consumption of dietary salt (44.2 ± 2.1%), frequent alcohol consumption (39.3 ± 2.1%), and low physical activity (29.8 ± 2.1%). The smoking was more prevalent in the male population (37.0 ± 3.13%). Although overall alcohol consumption was below the Russian average, excessive alcohol consumption was still found in 21.9% of men and 12.8% of women. The combination of smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol was also more frequent in male population (26.8 ± 2.1%). The proportion of people with consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits < 500 g/day (including potatoes) was 42.6 ± 2.12%. The content of dietary fiber in the diet in an amount < 20 g/day was noted in 57.8 ± 2.1% of the study participants. In men, the average daily salt intake was significantly higher compared to women (6.24 g and 5.20 g, respectively; p = 0.001).Conclusion. The prevalence of cancer risk factors among the residents of the Omsk region was assessed as high and generally does not tend to decrease.

Проблемы развития инновационной активности Новосибирской области

The relevance of the study of problems in the field of innovation activity in the Novosibirsk region is due to the low susceptibility of the region to the introduction of new technologies, the complexity of choosing a strategy for the development of innovative companies, the lack of an effective method of finding business models for innovative products and the complex relationship of industrial partners with innovators. All these problems are a consequence of the cultural characteristics of the Russian Federation, and without proper study of them we cannot present a complete picture of the development of the innovative sphere of the region. The article discusses the concepts of “innovative susceptibility of the region” and “startups”. It is proposed to supplement the generally accepted characteristics of a startup by adding an institutional affiliation to them, dividing startups into three categories: park, academic and non-academic. Each of these categories has its own characteristics that must be taken into account when creating a development strategy and entering the market. It should be noted that the institutional affiliation of a startup, taking into account the cultural characteristics of the Russian Federation, has been studied superficially by modern economists. The problem of distortion of statistical data when calculating the innovation activity of the regions of the Russian Federation on the example of the Omsk, Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions is indicated.

Подходы к интегральной оценке эффективности первичных профилактических мероприятий для принятия управленческих решений

Standard indicators currently used to evaluate efficiency of various prevention measures do not determine the impact of these measures on public health indicators and achievement of target results. P u r p o s e of this study is to develop approaches of integral assessment efficiency evaluation of public health system primary prevention measures. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The analysis was conducted in Omsk region municipal districts during the period from 2018 to 2022. The materials for this research were data from reporting forms of federal sectoral monitoring, morbidity of the population data, information about prevention measures volume and quality. The method of integral efficiency assessment was used. This method is based on arithmetic mean of the selected general indices of measures that include individual indices of public health measures efficiency. Efficiency assessment of measures aimed at population alcohol consumption reduction is used as an example. R e s u l t s . Individual indices that evaluate retail alcohol sales rate, the proportion of persons with risk factors, their involvement in dispensary supervision, involvement of the population in preventive measures, were created to assess the overall index of measures aimed at alcohol consumption reduction. Individual indices are presented with baseline and target values. The analysis of the dynamics of actual indicators of the volume of alcohol consumption reduction measures is given. Integral index of prevention measures efficiency is the arithmetic mean of the general indices, including six components of primary prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases that have a significant impact on public health indicators, including: tobacco consumption reduction, obesity prevalence, proportion of the population with physical activity increase, rational nutrition, healthy lifestyle. The closer the integral index is to the value of 1, the more effective preventive measures are. The integral index of primary prevention measures efficiency in Omsk in 2022 is at 0,46 points. C o n c l u s i o n . Implementing the integral efficiency assessment method allowed to use unified approach in evaluation of the current primary prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases measures model, to conduct a comparative evaluation of measures aimed at strengthening public health in Omsk region municipal districts, showed the direction of additional measures to improve the efficiency of the process as a whole.

Новый сорт подсолнечника Юбиляр

The sunflower variety Yubilyar was developed at the Siberian experimental station - a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Omsk region, Isilkul) by the method of individual selection of the productive samples from the varietal population Sibirsky 97 and directed cross-pollination of them during free flowering in an isolated area. In the conditions of the Omsk region, the Yubilyar varie-ty belongs to a very early maturity group. The stem of the variety is erect, unbranched, 120–140 cm high. The basket is convex when ripe, 19–21 cm in diame-ter. Achenes are medium-sized, narrow-ovoid, black. Weight of 1000 seeds 57–71 g. According to the results of variety testing in 2020–2022, the new variety exceeded the standard variety Irtysh of local breed-ing in terms of seed yield by 0.35 t/ha, seed oil content by 2.2% and oil yield by 0.22 t/ha. The Yubilyar variety is recommended for cultivation in the Western Siberian (10) and Ural (9) regions.

Stripping as a snow retention method in the steppe conditions of Western Siberia

The process of snow cover formation on the fields with different surface conditions was studied. The research was conducted in the spring of 2022 in the steppe farming zone of the Omsk region. The effect of high plant stand of cereal crops remaining after harvesting by standing crop stripping on the amount of snow cover and the volume of spring moisture accumulation in the soil as a reserve for increasing the yield in the steppe regions of Western Siberia is considered. The results of determining the height of snow cover on a fallow field (complete fallow), on fields under grain crops harvested by different methods: with a direct harvester followed by flat tillage; with a direct harvester without subsequent tillage; with a combing harvester at the height of the stem during harvesting up to 0.55 m are presented. In the course of the study it was found that during harvesting by the stripping method, the moisture reserves in the snow cover were 2.2 times higher compared to the stubble background, 3.7 times higher compared to the stubble background treated with a flat cutter, and 4.1 times higher compared to the fallow field (control). Based on the data obtained, the conclusion is made about the possibility of using this method to form the conditions for moisture accumulation in the arid steppe zone without additional measures for snow retention, which should have a positive impact not only on the yield of cultivated crops, but also on the agro-economic indicators.