Omentin-1 Levels Research Articles

Seminal Levels of Omentin-1/ITLN1 in Inflammatory Conditions Related to Male Infertility and Localization in Spermatozoa and Tissues of Male Reproductive System.

PurposeOmentin-1/intelectin (ITLN)1 is an adipocytokine with both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties, and little is known about its role in male reproduction. This study was aimed at exploring the relationships among omentin-1/ITLN1, semen parameters and F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), a maker of oxidative stress, in groups of patients affected by different pathologies. In addition, omentin-1/ITLN1 immunolocalization was assessed in ejaculated spermatozoa and in tissues of male reproductive system.Patients and MethodsSemen samples of infertile patients with varicocele (n = 27), genitourinary infections (n = 17), idiopathic infertility (n = 15) and fertile men (n = 21) were analyzed following WHO guidelines, and seminal plasma were used to determine omentin-1/ITLN1 by ELISA and F2-IsoP levels by gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Omentin-1/ITLN1 was localized in human sperm and in the tissue of male reproductive system.ResultsConsidering all participants, F2-IsoP and omentin-1/ITLN1 levels were positively correlated (p = 0.000), and both these indices were negatively correlated with sperm parameters. Infertile patients showed lower sperm parameters than fertile ones; varicocele and infection groups had significantly increased levels of F2-IsoPs (both p = 0.000) and omentin-1/ITLN1 (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001, respectively). Omentin-1/ITLN1 signal was located as a spot in the connecting piece (in 43.5% of cases midpiece was also labeled) of sperm from fertile men and in cytoplasmic residue and in the entire tail in sperm of patients with varicocele and genitourinary infections. A focal omentin-1/ITLN1 immunolabelling was evident in the basal area of epididymal tubule, and a diffuse signal was present in the seminal vesicle epithelium.ConclusionSemen omentin-1/ITLN1 originates from seminal vesicles, its levels increase in inflammatory conditions and are negatively correlated with sperm parameters. For this reason, a sort of protective role of omentin-1/ITLN1 can be postulated, as this adipokine shows anti-inflammatory properties also in many other biological systems.

Analysing adipokine Omentin-1 in periodontal disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus: An interventional comparative study

Background and objectiveOmentin-1 is an anti-inflammatory adipokine associated with metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes is a crucial systemic risk factor for occurrence of periodontitis. Periodontitis is deliberated as a complication of diabetes. This study aimed to estimate salivary and serum levels of Omentin-1 in chronic periodontitis with or without diabetes mellitus before and after scaling and root planing (SRP) and also the level of glycemic control. Materials and methodsBased on history and clinical parameters, 70 subjects were allocated into two groups i.e. chronic periodontitis (Group 1) and chronic periodontitis with well controlled T2DM (Group 2). Baseline saliva and serum samples were collected from both groups followed by full mouth SRP. Subjects were recalled 3 months post SRP for salivary and serum sample collection and measurement of clinical parameters. Serum as well as salivary samples collected were further analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the Omentin-1 concentration in each sample. ResultsThe levels of Omentin-1 in saliva and serum were significantly lower in both the groups at baseline. Clinical parameters exhibited a significant reduction 3 months post SRP in both groups. Salivary and serum Omentin-1 levels significantly increased in both the groups, 3 months post SRP. HbA1c levels also reduced significantly post therapy. ConclusionA significant relation exists between salivary and serum Omentin-1 in chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis with T2DM. In consequence, Omentin-1 level can have possible application as inflammatory marker of T2DM, periodontal disease and treatment outcome.

Omentin-1 levels are related with cardiac remodeling in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes

Omentin-1 levels are related with cardiac remodeling in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes

Analysis of Changes in Serum Levels and Gene Expression Profiles of Novel Adipocytokines (Omentin, Vaspin, Irisin and Visfatin) and Their Correlation with Serum C-reactive Protein Levels in Women Diagnosed with Endometriosis

This study aimed to investigate the role of new adipocytokines (omentin, vaspin, irisin and visfatin) in the development of endometriosis and the relationship of these adipocytokines with the inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in serum. In this study, endometriosis (n=16) and control groups (n=14) were determined via ultrasound. Serum omentin, vaspin and irisin levels were measured by ELISA method. CRP levels in serum and the gene expression of visfatin and vaspin in whole blood samples were determined by clinical analyzer and the real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Serum irisin and CRP levels in the endometriosis group were significantly higher than in the control group. Irisin protein levels demonstrated a positive correlation with body mass index and CRP in women diagnosed with endometriosis. No statistically significant difference was found in serum omentin and vaspin levels between groups. The visfatin and vaspin gene expression in whole blood samples from the endometriosis group was found to be significantly lower than the control group. Increased levels of serum irisin and decreased visfatin and vaspin gene expressions in blood may be considered as a potential biomarker in endometriosis. The identification of new adipocytokines, which demonstrate an alteration in the presence of endometriosis and the relationship between these adipocytokines and inflammation will facilitate the detection of mechanisms involved in endometriosis and will lead to the development of targeted therapy.

Effect of Ibandronate Therapy on Serum Chemerin, Vaspin, Omentin-1 and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Females.

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone mineral density is reduced due to altered bone microstructure, which results in increased skeletal fragility and incidence of various types of fractures. Adipokines such as chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1 and osteoprotegerin are involved in bone remodeling. The current study was designed to determine the changes in circulating chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1, and osteoprotegerin levels after treatment with oral ibandronate 150 mg in postmenopausal osteoporotic females. The present study enrolled 107 postmenopausal osteoporotic females from a tertiary care hospital in Faisalabad, Pakistan, based on stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty-six healthy postmenopausal, non-osteoporotic females with no systemic illness were chosen from the general population. The assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) was done using a DEXA scan. Serum levels of chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1 and osteoprotegerin were estimated using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The collected data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Following 6 months of ibandronate treatment, there was a significant decrease of 24.24% (p < .033) in serum chemerin levels, as well as a significant increase in serum vaspin levels 343.32% (p < .001) and osteoprotegerin levels 19.57% (p < .001), with no significant change in omentin-1 levels. Thus, an increase in serum chemerin levels and a decrease in serum vaspin and osteoprotegerin levels could be implicated in osteoporosis.

Effects of TNF inhibitors and an IL12/23 inhibitor on changes in body weight and adipokine levels in psoriasis patients: a 48-week comparative study

Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Adipokines are thought to be a link between psoriasis and obesity. Leptin, adiponectin, and omentin are bioactive adipokines thought to play a role in both metabolic comorbidities and inflammation. Anti-tumour necrosis factor alfa (anti-TNF-α) agents are effective for psoriasis treatment, although significant weight gain has been reported during anti-TNF-α therapy. The interleukin 12/23 (IL 12/23) inhibitor ustekinumab is also effective for psoriasis treatment. We compared the effects of three anti-TNF-α drugs and an IL-12/23 inhibitor on adipokines and weight gain during treatment. Patients and methods This prospective study included 80 patients (37 women, 43 men) with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis whose age and weight were matched. The patients were divided into four equal groups: etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, and ustekinumab treatment groups. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score, body weight (muscle and fat compartments), and leptin, adiponectin, and omentin levels were evaluated at baseline and weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48 of treatment. Results There were no differences between drug groups in terms of weight parameters or biochemical parameters at baseline. At the end of 48 weeks, there was significant weight gain in the adalimumab group. Patients who received infliximab showed significant weight gain by week 12, but in the following weeks they returned to their initial weight. Body weight reached a maximum level by week 12 in patients using etanercept, but they lost weight in the following weeks and finished the study below their initial weight. Patients using ustekinumab did not demonstrate significant weight change during the 48 weeks except at week 12. At the end of week 48, PASI75 (improvement in PASI ≥75%) response rates were approximately 85% for the ustekinumab group, 80% for the adalimumab group, 75% for the infliximab group, and 50% for the etanercept group. Leptin, adiponectin, and omentin levels were higher in the ustekinumab group at all weeks except baseline. The lowest levels were observed in the etanercept group. The treatment response rate was also lower in the etanercept group. Limitations We did not evaluate visfatin and resistin levels, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular risk that may be associated with weight gain and adipokine levels. Conclusions Unlike TNF inhibitors, ustekinumab does not cause significant weight changes and it increases adipokine levels more than TNF inhibitors. Adipokine levels seem to be related to the treatment response.

Association of promoter region A-1012G polymorphism (rs4516035) of vitamin-D receptor gene with coronary artery disease.

To investigate the correlation of Adenine-1012-Guanine (rs4516035) promoter region polymorphism of vitamin-D receptor gene with serum levels of omentin-1, vitamin-D and vitamin-D receptor protein in patients with coronary artery disease. The case-control study was conducted from January to June 2020 at the cardiac unit of Civil hospital Karachi (CHK), and comprised coronary artery disease patients and controls. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction method was used to genotype Adenine-1210Guanine polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene. Serum levels of omentin-1, vitamin-D, and vitamin-D receptor protein were measured in both the groups using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. Of the 1,000 subjects, there were 500(50%) cases; males 306(61.2%) and 194(38.8%) females with overall mean age of 51.08±9.55 years. The remaining 500(50%) were controls; 290(58%) males and 210(42%) females with overall mean age of 50.9±10.78 years. The mutant Guanine allele was more prevalent in controls 261(52.2%), and had a non-significant correlation with coronary artery disease (p=0.45). Among the cases, the wild Adenine-Adenine genotype had a higher prevalence 402(80.4%) and had a significant correlation with coronary artery disease (p<0.001). The heterozygous genotype Adenine-Guanine was significantly more predominant among the controls 346(69.2%) compared to the cases 66(13.2) (p=0.002). Adenine-1012-Guanine polymorphism in the vitamin-D receptor gene was found to be a protective polymorphism for coronary artery disease in the recessive model.

Association of Omentin rs2274907 Gene Polymorphism and Its Protein on the Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Disorder in Thai Children

Omentin is an adipocytokine that expresses in white adipose tissues. It is a marker for preventing the development of pro-inflammatory states related to diseases like obesity. This study aimed to examine the concentrations of omentin and anthropometric-biochemical parameters in obese children and healthy controls. Also, to search for the associations of omentin rs2274907 gene polymorphism with omentin levels and obesity among Thai children. A total of 293 children, 178 obese cases and 115 healthy controls, were recruited for this study. The omentin level was measured using the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Serum omentin levels were significantly lower in the obese group than in the control group (13.9 and 25.0 ng/mL, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). The omentin levels had significant negative correlation with body weight, body mass index (BMI) percentile, waist circumference, triglycerides (r = –0.276, –0.275, –0.259, –0.242, p &lt; 0.001), and had positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (r = 0.210, p &lt; 0.001). There was a significant association between obesity and serum omentin levels (p &lt; 0.05). However, the omentin rs2274907 gene polymorphism showed no significant relationship with the omentin levels and obesity among Thai children. These findings in Thai children suggest that omentin level, but not omentin rs2274907 gene polymorphism, may influence susceptibility to obesity.

The Effect of the Ketogenic Diet on Adiponectin, Omentin and Vaspin in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.

Background: Changes in adipokine secretion may be involved in the anti-epileptic effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Objectives: The assessment of the influence of KD on serum adiponectin, omentin-1, and vaspin in children with DRE. Methods: Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio) were performed in 72 children aged 3–9 years, divided into 3 groups: 24 children with DRE treated with KD, 26—treated with valproic acid (VPA), and a control group of 22 children. Biochemical tests included fasting glucose, insulin, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, lipid profile, aminotransferases activities, and blood gasometry. Serum levels of adiponectin, omentin-1 and vaspin were assayed using commercially available ELISA tests. Results: Serum levels of adiponectin and omentin-1 in the KD group were significantly higher and vaspin—lower in comparison to patients receiving VPA and the control group. In all examined children, serum adiponectin and omentin-1 correlated negatively with WHR and serum triglycerides, insulin, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR. Vaspin levels correlated negatively with serum triglycerides and positively with body weight, BMI, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: One of the potential mechanisms of KD in children with drug-resistant epilepsy may be a modulation of metabolically beneficial and anti-inflammatory adipokine levels.

Association of vaspin rs2236242 and Val109Asp omentin genes polymorphism and their serum levels with increased risk of breast cancer

Breast cancer represents the leading cause of cancer-related death in women globally. Obesity is one of the risk factors for breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women. Adiposopathy causes hypertrophy, which promotes metabolic dysregulation, hypoxia, inflammation, insulin resistance, and altered adipokine production such as vaspin and omentin-1. The objective of this study is to inspect the link between the vaspin rs2236242 and the Val109Asp omentin gene polymorphisms and their serum levels with breast cancer occurrence in postmenopausal females. The gene polymorphisms of vaspin rs2236242 and Val109Asp omentin were identified by T-ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP respectively. The glucose homeostasis traits, lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity, and circulating vaspin and omentin-1 levels were all assessed. The AT genotype of vaspin rs2236242 and the Val/Asp genotype of Val109Asp omentin were more prominent in breast cancer patients than the TT and Asp/Asp genotypes respectively. Breast cancer patients showed significant lower levels of serum vaspin and omentin-1. The AT genotype of the vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism, the heterozygous Asp/Val genotype of the omentin-1 gene, and low serum vaspin and omentin-1 levels are more associated with breast cancer incidence. On the flip side, higher levels of serum vaspin and omentin appear to protect against the incidence of breast cancer.

A New Biomarker Tool for Risk Stratification in "de novo" Acute Heart Failure (OROME).

Background: Inflammation is one of the mechanisms involved in heart failure (HF) pathophysiology. Thus, the acute phase reactant protein, orosomucoid, was associated with a worse post-discharge prognosis in de novo acute HF (AHF). However, the presence of anti-inflammatory adipokine, omentin, might protect and reduce the severity of the disease. We wanted to evaluate the value of omentin and orosomucoid combination for stratifying the risk of these patients.Methods and Results: Two independent cohorts of patients admitted for de novo AHF in two centers were included in the study (n = 218). Orosomucoid and omentin circulating levels were determined by ELISA at discharge. Patients were followed-up for 317 (3–575) days. A predictive model was determined for the primary endpoint, death, and/or HF readmission. Differences in survival were evaluated using a Log-rank test. According to cut-off values of orosomucoid and omentin, patients were classified as UpDown (high orosomucoid and low omentin levels), equal (both proteins high or low), and DownUp (low orosomucoid and high omentin levels). The Kaplan Meier determined a worse prognosis for the UpDown group (Long-rank test p = 0.02). The predictive model that includes the combination of orosomucoid and omentin groups (OROME) + NT-proBNP values achieved a higher C-index = 0.84 than the predictive model with NT-proBNP (C-index = 0.80) or OROME (C-index = 0.79) or orosomucoid alone (C-index = 0.80).Conclusion: The orosomucoid and omentin determination stratifies de novo AHF patients into the high, mild, and low risk of rehospitalization and/or death for HF. Its combination with NT-proBNP improves its predictive value in this group of patients.

Features of adipokine status in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease

The study aimed at optimization of diagnosis and evaluation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hypertensive patients by studying the role of adipokines (leptin, omentin, visfatin, resistin) in patients with hypertension combined with chronic kidney di­sease. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 100 patients with hypertension of II and III degrees of Stage 2, of which 51 patients were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. The control group consisted of 20 apparently healthy people. Results. Our study showed that leptin, omentin, resistin, and visfatin levels were significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension (EH) combined with CKD, in contrast to patients with EH without CKD and in the control group. The results of the Kraskel-Wallis dispersion analysis demonstrated that in patients with EH combined with CKD, adipokines significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic blood pressure, hypertension degree, body mass index, low-density lipoproteins, thyroglobulin, glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, end-diastolic size, relative wall thickness index, left ventricular myocardial mass, left ventricular myocardial mass index, presence of diastolic dysfunction, type of diastolic function. Conclusions. Hypertensive patients with CKD presented with a significant increase in adipokine levels (leptin, omentin, resistin, visfatin) in the blood compared to patients with EH without CKD (p &lt; 0.05) and apparently healthy individuals (p&lt; 0.05). The data obtained indicate that adipokines (leptin, omentin, resistin, visfatin) have a significant pathogenetic role in patients with hypertension combined with chronic kidney disease.

Omentin-1 and diabetic foot.

Introduction: Diabetic foot disease is an advanced complication of diabetes mellitus, which is associated with severe invalidization and high mortality rate among affected people. Many factors are involved in its pathogenesis but not all of them are fully elucidated. Objectives: Adipose tissue and its hormones - adipokines, are related to diabetic complications and metabolic disorders. Until now, there are limited data on their role in diabetic foot. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the levels of the adipokine omentin-1 in people with and without diabetic foot disease and to look for its potential involvement in this complication. Methods: Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes and mean age of 60.8±10.5 years were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: with (n=36) and without (n=44) diabetic foot disease. Standard antrometric, clinical and laboratory tests were made. Body composition was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance based device. Serum omentin-1 was measured using ELISA method. Results: Levels of omentin-1 were significantly higher among people with diabetic foot disease (700.2±345.1 ng/ml), compared to the other group (560.2±176.7 ng/ml). This difference remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders. In a regression model omentin-1 proved its predictive value for development of diabetic foot. Conclusion: Adipokines, and particularly omentin-1, might be included in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot disease.

The Link between Serum Omentin Level and Insulin Resistance Biomarkers, Lipid Profile, and Atherogenic Indices in Iraqi Obese Patients.

Omentin (or intelectin) is a main visceral fat secretory adipokine. There is a growing interest to link omentin, obesity and co-morbidity factors. The aim of the present study is to evaluate serum omentin and its association to insulin resistance biomarkers, lipid profile and atherogenic indies. This cross – sectional study was conducted in Obesity Research and Therapy Unit-Alkindy College of Medicine by recruiting (115) individuals; 49 males /66 females. Subjects between (20 to 60) years of age were selected and classified into two groups according to their Body mass index (BMI). Group1 involved healthy lean volunteers (25 male/ 36 female; BMI 18.5 - 24.9). Group2 involved obese subjects; (24 male / 36 female with BMI ≥ 30). The study shows that obese group has higher omentin levels compared to the healthy lean group (15.49 ± 4.20 vs. 10.15 ± 5.04 pg/ml, P &lt;0.001). In addition; obese group exhibited significantly higher levels waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), glucose, insulin, homeostatic module of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and lipid profile and lower levels of HDL-Chol (P &lt;0.05). Omentin levels were significantly and positively correlated with WC, WHR, BMI, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, HOMA2-IR, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins - cholesterol, triglyceride to glucose index (TyG index) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP); (P&lt; 0.05). Multiple regression analysis established that omentin levels was found to be associated with glucose, total Chol, TyG index and AIP in total population. These findings indicate that serum omentin levels are higher in obese individuals compared to lean subjects. Furthermore, omentin was linked to insulin resistance biomarkers and other risk factors indices such as AIP and TyG. Omentin can be used as a metabolic marker in obese.

Omentin-1 attenuates inflammation and barrier damage in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a diffuse inflammatory disease that occurs in the mucosa of the colon and rectum. Research illustrated that omentin-1 level was significantly lower in the serum of patients with UC. This study systematically examines the emerging roles of omentin-1 in UC and its related mechanisms. Omentin-1 level in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice was examined by Western blot and RT-PCR. The expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins were detected adopting Western blot with or without the addition of ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) in colitis mice. Subsequently, in DSS-induced UC mice, colonic damage was determined by HE staining, body weight, colon length, and disease activity index (DAI). Inflammation and barrier damage were examined by ELISA and Western blot. Cell apoptosis in colon tissues was examined by TUNEL and Western blot. Omentin-1 expressed lowly in DSS-induced colon tissues of UC mice, and its overexpression inhibited ER stress. Additionally, overexpression of omentin-1 also inhibited DSS-induced colon damage, inflammation, barrier damage and cell apoptosis in UC mice; however, these changes were partly abolished by TM administration. In conclusion, omentin-1 attenuates DSS-induced inflammation and barrier damage in UC mice by inhibiting ER stress, suggesting omentin-1 may be a useful target for the treatment of UC.

Evaluation of Serum Omentin-1, Vaspin, Leptin, Adiponectin Levels in Obese/Overweight Children and Their Relationship With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

To investigate adipokines (vaspin, omentin-1, adiponectin and leptin) and their correlation with hepatosteatosis degree in obese/overweight (O/O) children. We analyzed adipokine levels of 81 children (49 O/O, [body mass index (BMI) > 95th] and 32 non-obese (BMI = 5-85th) admitted to the pediatric outpatient clinic. Serum triglyceride, glucose, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), insulin, HbA1c levels and leptin, omentin-1, vaspin, adiponectin levels were studied. O/O children with hepatosteatosis were divided into grades 1, 2 and 3 according to the degree of hepatosteatosis determined by ultrasonography. While AST (p = 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.006), BMI percentile (p = 0.000), HOMA index (p = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.02), leptin (p = 0.001), omentin-1 (p = 0.001), adiponectin (p = 0.001) levels were higher, vaspin level was lower (p = 0.008) in the (O/O) group compared to the controls. There was a positive correlation between HDL and vaspin, and a negative correlation between HDL and omentin-1 in the O/O group. Also it was observed that as the degree of hepatosteotosis increased, leptin (p = 0.004), omentin-1 (p = 0.001) levels were increased. There was no significant change in vaspin level (p = 0.128). The high levels of omentin-1, leptin and adiponectin have an association with the development of hepatosteatosis in O/O children.

Relationship between plasma omentin-1 levels and newly diagnosed Stage I hypertension

Relationship between plasma omentin-1 levels and newly diagnosed Stage I hypertension

Serum omentin-1 levels in type II diabetes and its relationship with obesity

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder, and its rapid emergence worldwide has led to its classification as an epidemic. Aim To increase our knowledge about omentin-1 and its relation with type 2 DM, insulin resistance, and obesity. Patients and methods This study included 50 patients with type 2 DM, with an age range from 40 to 70 years, who were divided into two groups (25 obese and 25 nonobese), as well as 40 age group (20 obese and 20 nonobese)-matched patients, who formed the control group. Each group was subjected to full history taking and clinical examination (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, and serum omentin-1 levels). Weight and height were measured. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and BMI were calculated. Results The study showed a significant decrease in serum omentin-1 levels in type 2 diabetic patients in comparison with the control group. Serum omentin-1 levels inversely correlated with obesity, insulin resistance, and systolic blood pressure. Negative associations were found between serum omentin-1 level and fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting lipid levels. Conclusion Omentin-1 may be used as a biomarker for obesity and associated metabolic and vascular disorders.

Omentin-1 Levels in Obesity

Omentin-1 is an anti-inflammatory adipokine secreted by stromal vascular cells. Inflammation and apoptosis of adipocyte tissue in obesity lead to decreased production of omentin-1. This study aims to find the difference in omentin-1 levels in the obese and non-obese groups and the correlation between levels of omentin-1 with BMI and waist circumference. This study was a cross-sectional study involving 70 subjects with 37 people in the obese group and 33 people in the non-obese group. Anthropometric data including weight, height, waist circumference, and BMI were measured. Serum omentin-1 levels were measured by ELISA. The statistical tests used were Chi-square, T-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman test. Test results were significant if p-value &lt; 0.05. Significant difference was observed in serum omentin-1 levels between obese and non-obese group (median 140,31 range (88.08 – 382.76) vs. 210,97 range (124,44–577,96) ng/mL), respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Serum omentin-1 correlated negatively with BMI (p=0.001, r = - 0.398) and waist circumference (p=0.017, r = - 0.286). Obesity causes inflammation and increased death of adipocyte tissues due to apoptosis, autophagy, and fibrosis resulting in decreased production of omentin-1 by stromal vascular cells. Anthropometric parameters of waist circumference and BMI describe the distribution of adipocyte tissue and affect the secretion of omentin-1. Omentin-1 levels in the obese group were lower than in the non-obese group. The higher the BMI and waist circumference, the lower the omentin-1 level.

Omentin Is Independently Associated with Stroke Severity and Ipsilateral Carotid Artery Stenosis in Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischemia.

Mounting evidence indicates an association between adipokines and inflammation-related atherosclerosis. Here, we sought to investigate the association of vaspin and omentin with clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute cerebral ischemia (ACI). Consecutive ACI patients were evaluated within 24 h from symptom-onset. Stroke aetiology was classified using TOAST criteria. Adipokines were assayed using quantikine enzyme immunoassay commercially available kits. Stroke severity was assessed by NIHSS-score, and ipsilateral carotid stenosis (≥50% by NASCET criteria) by ultrasound and CT/MR angiography. Major cerebrovascular events were assessed at three months. We included 135 ACI patients (05 (78%) and 30 (22%) with acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, respectively; mean age ± SD: 59 ± 10 years; 68% men; median NIHSS-score: 3 (IQR:1–7)). Omentin was strongly correlated to admission stroke severity (Spearman rho coefficient: +0.303; p < 0.001). Patients with ipsilateral carotid stenosis had higher omentin levels compared to patients without stenosis (13.3 ± 8.9 ng/mL vs. 9.5 ± 5.5 ng/mL, p = 0.014). Increasing omentin levels were independently associated with higher stroke severity (linear regression coefficient = 0.290; 95%CI: 0.063–0.516; p = 0.002) and ipsilateral carotid stenosis (linear regression coefficient = 3.411; 95%CI: 0.194–6.628; p = 0.038). No association of vaspin with clinical characteristics and outcomes was found. Circulating omentin may represent a biomarker for the presence of atherosclerotic plaque, associated with higher stroke severity in ACI patients.