Omentin-1 Levels Research Articles

Relationship between circulating serum omentin-1 levels and nascent metabolic syndrome in patients with hypertension

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is more common in patients with hypertension and is associated with an increased risk of target organ damage and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD). Omentin-1 is...

Val109Asp Polymorphism of the Omentin-1 Gene and Incidence of Knee Osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han Population: A Correlation Analysis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of the Val109Asp polymorphism of the omentin-1 gene with the risk and severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in a Chinese Han population.MethodsThis study enrolled 383 patients with primary KOA and 460 healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism. To explore the interaction between omentin-1 gene polymorphism and obesity and age, the body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 and the age of 55 years old were preset as the cut-off value of stratified analysis. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of omentin-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 in peripheral blood and synovial fluid and the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and collagen (COL)-II in the supernatant of knee joint cartilage tissue.ResultsThe Val109Asp polymorphism of the omentin-1 gene showed no obvious correlation with KOA. Compared with Asp/Asp genotype carriers with BMI <25 kg/m2 and age <55 years old, Val109 allele carriers with BMI≥25 kg/m2 and age ≥55 years old had obviously increased risk of KOA (adjusted OR = 1.416, p = 0.042; adjusted OR = 1.735, p = 0.038, respectively). In the KOA group, only the omentin-1 levels were significantly lower in the plasma and synovial fluid of Ala/Ala genotype carriers than in those of Asp/Asp genotype carriers. Meanwhile, the proportion of patients with moderate–severe K-L Classification, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 in synovial fluid and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-13 in cartilage tissue significantly increased (p < 0.05). By contrast, the expression level of COL-II in cartilage tissue significantly decreased (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe Val109Asp polymorphism of the omentin-1 gene may not be the primary pathogenic factor of KOA in Chinese. The Val/Val genotype can be regarded as a potential biomarker for the risk of KOA progression.

PEX-168 improves insulin resistance, inflammatory response and adipokines in simple obese mice: a mechanistic exploration

BackgroundPolyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice.MethodsThirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC) and an obesity model group. The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD)). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP), chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks.ResultsCompared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the MD and HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the MD and HD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05).ConclusionsPEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and improved the insulin resistance. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.

The interplay between statins and adipokines. Is this another explanation of statins' 'pleiotropic' effects?

Statin therapy comprises an integral part of secondary and to a lesser extent of primary cardiovascular disease prevention. This is attributed not only to their lipid-lowering properties, but as well to a plethora of pleiotropic actions. Recently, the cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, the so-called adipokines, have been proved to play a critical role in various pathophysiological functions, among which inflammation and atherosclerosis development and vulnerability. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the effects of statins and the underlying mechanisms on the circulating levels of the most common adipokines regulating atherosclerosis process, as a part of their pleiotropic function. Up to now, robust evidence implicates a significant statin-induced reduction of pro-inflammatory adipokines IL-6, TNF-a and visfatin. Weak evidence from limited, small and mostly non-randomized studies suggest increased levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines apelin, vaspin and omentin-1 after statin therapy. In the rest of most known adipokines, statins have shown either controversial (adiponectin, retinol binding protein-4 and fetuin-A) or negligible effects (leptin and resistin) on their circulating levels. Therefore, statins may favourably alter the balance of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory adipokines, implicating a novel atheroprotective mechanism. However, the interplay between statins and adipokines is still not fully elucidated and its potential clinical relevance is warranted.

Are levels of adipokines and micronutrients different in male adult smokers and non-smokers? A case–control study

ObjectiveSmoking is a common public problem leading to increases in oxidative stress and decreases in the levels of some micronutrients, finally affecting adipokine levels. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of omentin (intelectin-1), chemerin, TNF-α, and some micronutrient intakes in male smokers and non-smokers. Methods40 male smokers and 40 male non-smokers with a mean age of 38.6±14.1 years were included in this study. Serum levels of omentin, chemerin, and TNF-α were measured. To calculate the daily intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and some of the micronutrients, the 24-h recall and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used. ResultsOmentin, chemerin, and TNF-α levels in male smokers were lower than non-smokers, but these differences were not statistically significant. However, after adjustment for total and saturated fat intakes and age, omentin (β=138.4, p=0.027) and TNF-α (β=144.5, p=0.015) revealed significant differences. ConclusionThe serum levels of omentin, chemerin, TNF-α, and some micronutrient intakes were not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. Further population studies are needed to clarify this subject.

Association of increased levels of omentin-1 and carotid intima-media thickness with early signs of cardiovascular risk in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A prospective case control study.

Omentin-1, an adipokine primarily secreted from visceral adipose tissue, regulates metabolic homeostasis, whereas carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a valid marker for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is related to levels of omentin-1 and CIMT and demonstrate the association with cardiovascular risk. A prospective case-control study was performed on 47 PCOS patients and 35 healthy subjects. Hormonal and metabolic parameters, levels of serum omentin-1, and CIMT were evaluated in the two groups. The right, left, total CIMT, and levels of serum omentin-1 were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the healthy controls (p=0.015, p=0.009, p=0.021, and p=0.002, respectively). Using multiple linear and backward elimination regression analyses, serum omentin-1 was found to be independently associated with age and Ln-transformed homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and cardiovascular parameters were independently associated with body mass index (BMI). In the PCOS group, the means of right, left, and total CIMT were significantly higher in the subgroup with BMI levels ≥25 kg/m2 compared to the subgroup with BMI levels <25 kg/m2 (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). A significant increase in CIMT is associated with cardiovascular risk in patients with PCOS. Levels of serum omentin-1 were found to be significantly higher in early PCOS cases at a younger age, acting as a protective acute-phase reactant.

Can omentin-1 be a prognostic marker in surgical intensive care patients?

Background/aimA member of the adipokine family, omentin-1 is selectively secreted from visceral fat tissue and the omentum. It has been shown that omentin-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of certain diseases and can be used as a prognostic marker. This study first investigated the prognostic significance of omentin-1 in surgical intensive care patients. In addition, the relationship between omentin-1 and laboratory and clinical parameters commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs) was evaluated.Materials and methodsOne hundred and fifty-four patients hospitalized in the surgical ICU were included in the study. Blood samples for omentin-1 were collected from the patients displaying clinical condition changes. Changes in omentin-1 levels were observed during the hospital stay of the patients. A total of 423 blood samples were evaluated. Omentin-1 levels were compared to the laboratory parameters routinely monitored in the ICU and the prognostic significance of omentin-1 for surgical intensive care patients was investigated.Results The median APACHE II score of all patients was (median-IQR, 8.0–6.0 ng/mL). Omentin-1 levels of the alive patients in the ICU (median-IQR, 339.04–407.68 ng/mL) were significantly higher compared to dead patients (median-IQR, 166.40–363.60 ng/mL). Omentin-1 levels were higher in nonsepsis patients compared to the levels of the patients in sepsis and septic shock (p < 0.001). Omentin-1 values were negatively correlated with the C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels, body temperature, and the SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment score) scores and they were positively correlated with albumin, prealbumin, and glucose levels. Conclusion Omentin-1 may play a role in the complex constructs of inflammation and metabolic events in intensive care patients. Reduced omentin-1 levels in surgical intensive care patients were associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality.

Omentin-1 Levels and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Adolescents

Background: Omentin-1 is an adipocytokine secreted from visceral adipose tissue that is thought to increase insulin sensitivity. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a comparatively extensive problem in obese adolescents. Decreased omentin-1 levels have been reported in obese patients, but the relationship between NAFLD and omentin-1 is contradictory. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the omentin-1 levels in the sera of obese adolescents with and without NAFLD and compare them with each other. Methods: In this study, a total of 88 adolescents (56 obese and 32 normal-weight) were enrolled. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) identified 28 obese adolescents with grade 2 - 3 hepatosteatosis constituting the NAFLD group and 28 without hepatosteatosis on US constituting the non-NAFLD group. The control group included 32 age- and gender-matched cases without hepatosteatosis and with normal percentile body mass index (BMI). Serum omentin-1 levels were evaluated and compared. Results: The mean age of the research group was 12.72 ± 1.91 years. Unsurprisingly, BMI, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver transaminases (AST, ALT), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin rates were noticeably elevated in obese adolescents compared to controls (P &lt; 0.05). However, omentin-1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels were remarkably lower in the obese group (P &lt; 0.05). No significant difference was found between the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups regarding omentin-1, HbA1c, glucose, urea, creatinine, AST, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, thyroid stimulating hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, HOMA-IR, and insulin. The BMI and ALT grades of the non-NAFLD group were notably lower than the NAFLD group (P &lt; 0.05). While there was no significant difference between omentin-1 and other parameters in obese adolescents without NAFLD (P &gt; 0.05), we found a significant difference between omentin-1 and BMI, AST, ALT, HOMA-IR, and insulin values in obese adolescents with NAFLD (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Omentin-1 levels were decreased in obese adolescents regardless of the presence of NAFLD. However, in obese patients with NAFLD, there was a significant difference between omentin-1 and several markers of obesity and insulin resistance.

Circulating Omentin-1 levels and altered iron balance in chronic haemodialysis patients.

ABSTRACTBackgroundIron deficiency is highly prevalent among patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis (HD) but its correct identification is often problematic as common biomarkers of iron status, such as transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin, can be altered by inflammation or malnutrition.MethodsIn this pilot multicentre study, we aimed at evaluating circulating levels of Omentin-1, a novel fat depot-specific adipokine that is also involved in iron regulation, in a cohort of 85 chronic HD patients with relation to their iron status.ResultsOmentin-1 levels in HD were statistically higher than in healthy controls (P = 0.03) and there was a significant, growing trend in all iron parameters across Omentin-1 tertiles (P < 0.001). Compared with patients with optimal iron status, Omentin-1 levels were lower in subjects categorized according to TSAT ≤20% or serum ferritin ≤200 μg/L (both P < 0.001) and even more reduced in 19 patients (22%) simultaneously displaying low levels of both markers (P < 0.001). In this latter group, Omentin-1 levels increased in parallel to all other iron markers after iron correction by i.v. supplementation. At multivariate regression analyses, ferritin (β = 0.71; P < 0.001) and TSAT (β = 0.32; P = 0.03) remained the sole independent predictors of Omentin-1 levels. This biomarker also showed a remarkable diagnostic capacity at receiver operating characteristic analyses in identifying iron-depleted HD patients according to a criterion of TSAT ≤20% [area under the curve (AUC) 0.827], ferritin ≤200 μg/L (AUC 0.863) or low levels of both parameters (AUC 0.907).ConclusionsFindings obtained indicate that Omentin-1 is somewhat involved in iron balance regulation and might be a candidate biomarker for diagnosing and managing altered iron conditions in HD patients.

High-intensity Interval Training Improves Lipocalin-2 and Omentin-1 Levels in Men with Obesity.

We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on selected circulating adipokines and other cardiovascular diseases risks factors in men with obesity. Thirty men with obesity (age: 24.96±3.11 year, BMI: 30.92±1.04 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to HIIT and control groups. The HIIT group participated in a 12-week HIIT program (5×2 min interval bout at an intensity of 85-95% HRmax interspersed by 1 min passive recovery, three times per week), while the control group maintained their usual lifestyles. Blood lipids, insulin resistance, and select serum adipokines were assessed before and after 12 weeks of the intervention period. HIIT improved body composition and lipid profiles (p<0.05) and also decreased fasting insulin levels (p=0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.002) levels. Furthermore, HIIT increased levels of lipocalin-2 (p=0.002) while decreasing omentin-1 levels (p=0.001) in men with obesity. Changes in lcn2 and omentin-1 concentrations correlated with the changes in risk factors in the HIIT group (p<0.05). The results indicate that 12 weeks of supervised HIIT significantly improves both circulating concentrations of lcn2 and omentin-1, two recently described adipokines, and risk markers of cardiovascular diseases in men with obesity. Further research is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms involved with these changes.

Changes of omentin-1 and chemerin during 4 weeks of lifestyle intervention and 1 year follow-up in children with obesity

Data about the influence of short-term lifestyle intervention in children with obesity on long-term follow-up body weight, adipokines and cardiometabolic risk parameters is scarce. In a subgroup of the LOGIC-trial (Long-term Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in Obesity and Genetic Influence in Children), we assessed anthropometry (BMI, BMI-SDS (Standard Deviation Score), adipokines (omentin-1, chemerin, leptin, adiponectin) and cardiometabolic risk parameters, (e.g. hsCRP) in children with overweight/obesity after 4 weeks of lifestyle intervention (n=156, 14.0±1.8yrs) and after one year follow-up (n=50). Data were compared to normal weight children (JuvenTUM school cohort; n=152, 13.3±0.7yrs). Short-term lifestyle intervention was associated with a significant reduction in BMI and BMI-SDS (p<0.001), with significant reductions in hsCRP, leptin, and chemerin levels, and an increase in adiponectin and omentin-1 levels (p<0.001 for all). After one year follow-up a significant reduction in BMI and BMI-SDS was observed in children from the LOGIC-trial (p<0.001). Improvements in adiponectin (p=0.025) and chemerin levels (p=0.027) were seen in children with clear weight loss success (BMI-SDS reduction ≥ 0.2), whereas children with no or only mild weight loss success showed an increase in leptin levels (p<0.001). An increase in omentin-1 levels was observed after 1 year independent of weight change (p<0.001). Effects of short-term weight reduction on mean BMI and BMI-SDS persist over one year. Improvements in omentin-1 levels were independent of short-term or long-term weight loss. ClinicalTrials.gov: LOGIC-trial: NCT01067157, JuvenTUM-trial: NCT00988754.

Evaluation of Serum Omentin-1 Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background Omentin-1 a new anti-inflammatory adipokine has been identified as a major visceral (omental) secretory adipokine which plays important roles in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and diabetes. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the level of Omentin-1 in chronic kidney disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods The study included 70 patients who further subdivided into three subgroups (20 T2DM, 25T2DM+CKD, 25CKD) and 20 healthy subjects formed the control group. They subjected to full clinical examination, weight, height, waist and hip circumference and BMI was calculated.Lipid profile, omentin-1, kidney function test, UACR, and HbA1c were measured. Results Serum omentin-1 level was lower in all patient groups compared to healthy control. It’s level was lower in groups with T2DM than CKD only group. It had a negative correlation with HbA1c, cholesterol total, TGs, LDL-c and e-GFR, and a positive correlation with s.creatinine, UACR, BUN, HDL-c. The best cut off point of serum omentin-1 was &amp;lt; =330 ng/ml to differentiate group 3(T2DM+CKD) from control group using ROC curve analysis. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that diabetes mellitus may be associated with lower omentin levels in CKD population .

Association of Plasma Omentin-1 Levels With Diabetes and Its Complications.

Introduction: Plasma omentin-1 is a relatively new biomarker that has anti-diabetogenic and its level is inversely related with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, thus, increasing the risk of diabetic complications. In this study, we will determine the association between serum plasma omentin-1 levels and diabetes and its complications.Methods: This case control study was conducted from July 2020 to August 2021 in the internal medicine unit of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. There was a total of three groups, each comprising 250 patients. One group was type 2 diabetic patients with complications, the second group was type 2 diabetic patients without complications, and the third group was the control group, i.e. participants without type 2 diabetes. Their plasma omentin-1 levels were compared.Results: Patients with diabetic complications had significantly lower serum omentin levels than patients without complications (59.01 ± 9.21 ug/dL vs. 75.72 ± 14.11 ug/L; p-value: <0.0001). Patients with diabetes had significantly lower serum omentin levels in comparison to patients without diabetes (75.72 ± 14.11 ug/dL vs. 90.12 ± 17.89 ug/L; p-value: <0.0001).Conclusion: Based on our study, plasma omentin-1 is negatively associated with diabetes and its complications. Therefore, adequate levels of omentin-1 are needed in order to prevent diabetic complications.

Does a Vegetarian Diet Affect the Levels of Myokine and Adipokine in Prepubertal Children?

Myokines are cytokines secreted by muscle and exert autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. Myokines mediate communication between muscle and other organs, including adipose tissue. The aim of the study was to assess serum myokines and their relationships with adipokines and anthropometric and nutritional parameters in children following vegetarian and omnivorous diets. One hundred and five prepubertal children were examined. Among them there were 55 children on a vegetarian diet and 50 children on an omnivorous diet. Concentrations of myokines (myostatin, irisin) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, omentin, visfatin) in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We observed comparable median values of serum myokines and adipokines (except of leptin concentration) in both of the studied groups of children. We also found several correlations between myokine and adipokine levels and certain nutritional parameters. Serum myostatin was positively correlated with omentin levels in vegetarians and omnivores (p = 0.002). Serum irisin was positively associated with omentin (p = 0.045) levels in omnivores and inversely with visfatin concentration (p = 0.037) in vegetarians. Myostatin concentration was negatively correlated with the percentage of energy from protein (p = 0.014), calcium (p = 0.046), and vitamin A (p = 0.028) intakes in vegetarians and with dietary vitamin C (p = 0.041) and vitamin E (p = 0.021) intakes in omnivores. In multivariate regression analyses, positive correlations of serum myostatin with omentin levels were revealed in both study groups (β = 0.437, p < 0.001 for vegetarians; and β = 0.359, p = 0.001 for omnivores). Consuming a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet did not influence serum levels of myokines (myostatin, irisin) and adipokines such as adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin in prepubertal children. However, leptin levels were significantly lower in vegetarians compared with omnivores. The observed significant positive correlations between myostatin and omentin concentrations might suggest tissue cross-talk between skeletal muscle and fat tissue. Further studies, carried out in a larger group of children following different dietary patterns, could be important to fully understand the relations between muscle, adipose tissues, and nutrition.

Association Between Coronary Artery Disease and Plasma Omentin-1 Levels.

Introduction: Omentin-1 is secreted from visceral adipose tissue that contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases’ pathogenesis, including cardiovascular events. In this case-control study, we will determine the association between plasma omentin and coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: This is a case-control study, conducted from June 2020 to April 2021 in the cardiology unit of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Patients diagnosed with CAD (n = 300) within the last six months were included in the study. Another 300 participants without CAD and with similar demographic profiles were included in the control group. A blood sample of 5 ml was drawn from participants of both groups and sent to the laboratory to test for plasma omentin level.Results: Plasma omentin level was significantly lower in patients with CAD compared to the patients without CAD (61.21 ± 10.21 ng/dL vs. 95.22 ± 12.21 ug/L; p-value: <0.0001). In both genders, the plasma omentin-1 was lower in patients with CAD compared to patients without CAD (p-value: <0.0001).Conclusion: The present study revealed a negative association between omentin-1 and CAD. We speculate that low levels of omentin-1 might play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, plasma omentin-1 can be a potential biomarker to predict the development and progression of CAD.

Expression of adipokines in children with primary nephrotic syndrome and its association with hyperlipidemia.

To study the expression of adipokines in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) before and after treatment and its correlation with blood lipids, as well as the role of adipokines in PNS children with hyperlipidemia. A total of 90 children who were diagnosed with incipient PNS or recurrence of PNS after corticosteroid withdrawal for more than 6 months were enrolled as subjects. Thirty children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as the control group. Venous blood samples were collected from the children in the control group and the children with PNS before corticosteroid therapy (active stage) and after urinary protein clearance following 4 weeks of corticosteroid therapy (remission stage). ELISA was used to measure the levels of adipokines. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure blood lipid levels. Compared with the control group, the children with PNS had a significantly lower level of omentin-1 in both active and remission stages, and their level of omentin-1 in the active stage was significantly lower than that in the remission stage (P<0.001). For the children with PNS, the level of chemerin in the active stage was significantly higher than that in the remission stage, and the children with PNS in the active stage had a significantly higher level of chemerin than the control group (P<0.001). For the children with PNS, atherogenic index of plasma, atherogenic coefficient (AC), castelli risk index-1 (CRI-1), castelli risk index-2 (CRI-2), and non-high-density lipoprotein in the active stage were significantly higher than those in the remission stage (P<0.001), and these indices in the children with PNS in the active stage were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). The children with PNS in the remission stage had significantly higher atherogenic index of plasma, AC, CRI-1, and non-high-density lipoprotein than the control group (P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the children with PNS in the remission stage had significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A (P<0.01). In the children with PNS, the ratio of omentin-1 before and after corticosteroid therapy was positively correlated with that of high-density lipoprotein, 24-hour urinary protein excretion, and high-density lipoprotein/apolipoprotein A before and after treatment, and it was negatively correlated with the ratio of AC and CRI-1 before and after treatment (P<0.05). The PNS children with low omentin-1 levels in the active stage had significantly higher levels of CRI-1, CRI-2, AC, and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A ratio than those with high omentin-1 levels (P<0.05). Omentin-1 may be associated with disease activity, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria in children with PNS. Blood lipid ratios may be more effective than traditional blood lipid parameters in monitoring early cardiovascular risk in children with PNS.

Assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic foot: correlations with endothelial dysfunction indices and markers of adipo-inflammatory dysfunction

BackgroundSome studies have suggested that patients with diabetes and foot complications have worse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk profiles, higher degrees of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness and a higher inflammatory background than patients with diabetes without diabetic foot complications. Patients with diabetes mellitus have an alteration in the sympathovagal balance as assessed by means of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, which is also related to the presence of endothelial dysfunction. Other studies suggest a possible role of inflammation coexisting with the alteration in the sympathovagal balance in favor of the atherosclerotic process in a mixed population of healthy subjects of middle and advanced age.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of alteration of sympathovagal balance, assessed by HRV analysis, in a cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus with diabetic foot and in control subjects without diabetic foot compared with a population of healthy subjects and the possible correlation of HRV parameters with inflammatory markers and endothelial dysfunction indices.MethodsWe enrolled all patients with diabetic ulcerative lesions of the lower limb in the Internal Medicine with Stroke Care ward and of the diabetic foot outpatient clinic of P. Giaccone University Hospital of Palermo between September 2019 and July 2020. 4-h ECG Holter was performed. The following time domain HRV measures were analyzed: average heart rate, square root of the mean of successive differences of NN (RMSSD), standard deviation or square root of the variance (SD), and standard deviation of the means of the NN intervals calculated over a five-minute period (SDANN/5 min). The LF/HF ratio was calculated, reactive hyperemia was evaluated by endo-PAT, and serum levels of vaspine and omentin-1 were assessed by blood sample collection.Results63 patients with diabetic foot, 30 patients with diabetes and without ulcerative complications and 30 patients without diabetes were enrolled. Patients with diabetic ulcers showed lower mean diastolic blood pressure values than healthy controls, lower MMSE scores corrected for age, lower serum levels of omentin-1, lower RHI values, higher body weight values and comparable body height values, HF% and LF/HF ratio values. We also reported a negative correlation between the RHI value and HRV indices and the expression of increased parasympathetic activity (RMSDD and HF%) in subjects with diabetic foot and a statistically significant positive correlation with the LF/HF ratio and the expression of the sympathovagal balance.DiscussionPatients with diabetic foot show a higher degree of activation of the parasympathetic system, expressed by the increase in HF values, and a lower LF/HF ratio. Our findings may corroborate the issue that a parasympathetic dysfunction may have a possible additive role in the pathogenesis of other vascular complications in subjects with diabetic foot.

Omentin-1: a biomarker in large artery ischaemic stroke patients

BackgroundOmentin-1 is a novel adipocytokine that is related to atherosclerosis-based ischaemic cardiovascular disease and stroke. Previous studies have linked its lower levels with poor stroke outcomes. We aimed to assess the level of serum omentin-1 as a prognostic marker in patients with large artery ischaemic stroke.MethodsFifty ischaemic stroke patients suffering large artery ischaemic stroke and another 50 subjects without a prior history of strokes were recruited. All participants were subjected to neurological examinations, echocardiography and laboratory investigations including a lipid profile and HBA1c. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured for all participants. Stroke patients were evaluated by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Infarction volume was measured by magnetic resonance image (MRI) and serum level of omentin-1 was gauged for all participants.ResultsCarotid IMT significantly increased in stroke patients compared to control subjects. While serum omentin-1 levels were higher in control non-diabetic subjects, they were lower in diabetic patients with ischaemic stroke. Serum omentin-1 levels were inversely correlated with NIHSS, carotid IMT, infarction volume and mRS scores in all stroke patients. Serum omentin-1 level less than 24.5 ng/ml showed 93.7%sensitivity and 44.4% specificity in prediction of poor stroke outcome while values less than 27.8 ng/ml in non-diabetic stroke patients had sensitivity and specificity with 87.5% and 55.6% respectively.ConclusionLower levels of serum omentin-1 are associated with increased ischaemic stroke severity and poor functional outcome.

MO911ALTERED CIRCULATING OMENTIN-1 LEVELS REFLECT IRON DEFICIENCY IN CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Iron deficiency is pervasive among hemodialysis (HD) patients; however, although transferrin saturation (TSAT) of &amp;lt;20% and/or serum ferritin of &amp;lt;200 ng/mL should express iron scarcity, in HD patients high ferritin levels could be related to inflammation rather than reflecting optimal iron stores. Omentin-1 is an anti-inflammatory adipokine that is also involved in regulation of iron metabolism through binding with lactoferrin. In this pilot study, we aimed at evaluating serum levels of Omentin-1 in a small HD population, in order to determine its possible relationships with iron status. Method Omentin-1 was measured by ELISA in serum samples of 33 chronic HD patients before a single mid-week HD session and at 1h, 2h and 3h after dialysis start. Common biochemical and clinical parameters were also recorded. Results Serum omentin-1 levels were statistically higher in HD patients than in matched healthy controls (763 [367-1423] vs. 371 [228-868] ng/mL; p=0.03). Omentin-1 levels were broken down after the first hour of HD (reduction ratio: 45±5%) and tended to get back to baseline after the third hour (p=0.04). Correlation analyses showed omentin-1 levels to be directly associated with serum iron (R=0.380; p=0.03), ferritin (R=0.843; p&amp;lt;0.001), TSAT (R=0.661; p&amp;lt;0.001), serum amylase (R=0.454; p=0.01), ALT (R=0.380; p=0.03) and inversely with serum phosphate (R=-0.403; p=0.02), troponin (R=-0.443; p=0.01) and transferrin (R=-0.390;p=0.04). At ROC analyses, Omentin-1 levels showed a remarkable capacity to discriminate HD patients with iron deficiency (TSAT&amp;lt;20%) with an AUC of 0.830 (95%CI 0.658 to 1.000; p=0.002. best cut-off value: ≤478.8 ng/mL; sens. 75%; spec. 85%). Of note, such discriminatory capacity was even better than that of serum ferritin (AUC 0.739; 95%CI 0.528 to 0.950; p for differences between AUCs=0.04; Figure 1) Conclusion Findings from this pilot study demonstrate that HD patients have altered Omentin-1 values probably because this protein is involved in the maintenance of iron equilibrium. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether Omentin-1 might be proposed as a new tool in the assessment of iron deficiency and in the management of iron therapy for HD patients.

Circulating adiponectin mediates the association between omentin gene polymorphism and cardiometabolic health in Asian Indians.

BackgroundPlasma omentin levels have been shown to be associated with circulating adiponectin concentrations and cardiometabolic disease-related outcomes. In this study, we aim to examine the association of omentin gene polymorphism with serum adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic health status using a genetic approach, and investigate whether these associations are modified by lifestyle factors.MethodsThe study included 945 normal glucose tolerant and 941 unrelated individuals with type 2 diabetes randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), in southern India. Study participants were classified into cardiometabolically healthy and unhealthy, where cardiometabolically healthy were those without hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Fasting serum adiponectin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The omentin A326T (rs2274907) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing.ResultsThe ‘A’ allele of the omentin SNP was significantly associated with lower adiponectin concentrations after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and cardiometabolic health status (p = 1.90 x 10−47). There was also a significant association between circulating adiponectin concentrations and cardiometabolic health status after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, WC and Omentin SNP (p = 7.47x10-10). However, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, WC and adiponectin levels, the association of ‘A’ allele with cardiometabolic health status disappeared (p = 0.79) suggesting that adiponectin serves as a mediator of the association between omentin SNP and cardiometabolic health status. There were no significant interactions between the SNP and dietary factors on adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic health status (p>0.25, for all comparisons).ConclusionsOur findings show that adiponectin might function as a mechanistic link between omentin SNP and increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases independent of common and central obesity in Asian Indians. Before strategies to promote adiponectin modulation could be implemented, further studies are required to confirm the molecular mechanisms involved in this triangular relationship between omentin gene, adiponectin and cardiometabolic diseases.