Abstract
Background: Changes in adipokine secretion may be involved in the anti-epileptic effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Objectives: The assessment of the influence of KD on serum adiponectin, omentin-1, and vaspin in children with DRE. Methods: Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio) were performed in 72 children aged 3–9 years, divided into 3 groups: 24 children with DRE treated with KD, 26—treated with valproic acid (VPA), and a control group of 22 children. Biochemical tests included fasting glucose, insulin, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, lipid profile, aminotransferases activities, and blood gasometry. Serum levels of adiponectin, omentin-1 and vaspin were assayed using commercially available ELISA tests. Results: Serum levels of adiponectin and omentin-1 in the KD group were significantly higher and vaspin—lower in comparison to patients receiving VPA and the control group. In all examined children, serum adiponectin and omentin-1 correlated negatively with WHR and serum triglycerides, insulin, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR. Vaspin levels correlated negatively with serum triglycerides and positively with body weight, BMI, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: One of the potential mechanisms of KD in children with drug-resistant epilepsy may be a modulation of metabolically beneficial and anti-inflammatory adipokine levels.
Highlights
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a nonpharmacological metabolic therapy used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children [1]
The blood sampling seizures were observed in 7 children from the KD group and 10 children from the valproic acid (VPA) group
There were no significant differences between children 3–5 and 6–9 years of age in all examined groups (KD, VPA, and C) according to the biochemical parameters and serum adiponectin, omentin-1, and vaspin concentrations; these age subgroups were combined for further analysis (Table S1)
Summary
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a nonpharmacological metabolic therapy used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children [1]. The KD strategy involves switching a patient’s metabolism to a state similar to ketosis, which occurs during chronic starvation. This metabolic therapy requires careful dietary planning with balanced macronutrient proportions that result in physiological alterations (i.e., ketosis generation). Objectives: The assessment of the influence of KD on serum adiponectin, omentin-1, and vaspin in children with DRE. Methods: Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio) were performed in 72 children aged 3–9 years, divided into 3 groups: 24 children with DRE treated with KD, 26—treated with valproic acid (VPA), and a control group of 22 children. Results: Serum levels of adiponectin and omentin-1 in the KD group were significantly higher and vaspin—lower in comparison to patients receiving VPA and the control group
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