Olympic Movement Research Articles

Getting a head start: the 2032 Olympic Movement through the preferred candidature bid involving Brisbane, Australia

The Olympic bidding process prior to 2024 was altered in 2019 to provide greater transparency and reduce unnecessary work related to the preparation for each bid, of which there can only be one host. This paper analyses the process of the 2032 Olympics through the notion of a preferred candidate in Brisbane, Australia. Through a document analysis of five official documents and submissions in the lead up to the IOC announcement of the preferred bid in February 2021, this paper elucidates how the Olympic Movement is shaped and refined to offer a more nuanced perspective of how such a preferred bid could be advantageous in terms of more inclusive legacy outcomes to the IOC, as well as the destination.

Child Abuse in the Canadian and American Olympic Movement: Reforming Institutional Oversight of Amateur Sports

For many years, sexual abuse of young athletes quietly festered throughout amateur sport organizations in Canada and the United States. However, the veil has recently been lifted by the highly publicized testimonies of athletes sexually abused as minors by disgraced former USA Gymnastics (“USAG”) physician and Michigan State University professor Larry Nassar. The troubling details of these stories spurred investigations seeking to identify the causes behind the institutional failures to intervene in Nassar’s perpetration of abuse. The evidence gathered by these investigations alongside independent academic research reveal that unfettered predatory behaviour is a pervasive issue across the institutions responsible for overseeing the American Olympic movement and amateur sports. In addition, similar patterns of unchecked abuse have since been identified as plaguing Canadian Olympic and amateur sport organizations. This paper examines the institutional failures to address child sexual abuse occurring under the oversight of Olympic and amateur sport organizations in Canada and the United States. In both countries, efforts are currently underway to reform governance of these institutions to better protect minors participating in amateur sports. Accordingly, this paper also analyzes the policies implemented thus far and makes substantive recommendations on ideal federal level initiatives.

The Olympic Games, nation branding, and public diplomacy in a post-pandemic world: Reflections on Tokyo 2020 and beyond

The Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games were the first postponed Olympic Games, held in 2021, during an outbreak of a global pandemic, with strict restrictions and regulations and without international and domestic fans. Despite the challenges and the growing resistance, over 200 countries and delegations still saw value in participating in the most global event humanity holds. After covering or researching the Olympic Movement for over a decade including in four summer Olympic Games as an accredited journalist, the author shares ten reflections on nation branding and public diplomacy and the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games on the following issues: (1) The Olympic Movement is entering a new era, (2) questionable legacy, (3) bypassing democracy, (4) athletes-to-people diplomacy is trending, (5) Brand America still an Olympic Superpower, (6) athletic competitions as nation branding battlefields, (7) manifestations of political conflicts, (8) rethinking cultural diplomacy, (9) global challenges, and (10) inevitable backlash. These reflections expand multidisciplinary literature on the Olympic Games, nation branding, and public diplomacy, and provide insights practitioners and decision-makers should consider when holding international sports competitions or other mega-events in a post-pandemic world.

Is sport out of politics? On the question of the role of the IOC in organizing the Olympic movement

Is sport out of politics? On the question of the role of the IOC in organizing the Olympic movement

What is new in the world of Olympic sports nowadays? (Are we living in the final hours of Olympism?) Clouds on the sky of the Olympic Movement’s future

Almost 130 years ago, on June 23, 1894, Dimitrios Vikélas and the French educator, historian and sports leader Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Coubertin first became secretary general and later president of the Committee. In a poem entitled “Ode to sport” written under a pseudonym in 1912, he expressed in the language of poetry the expectations that we can still find - more or less - in the text of the Olympic charter. I wonder what the sports leader Coubertin would say if he could visit the 2023 Olympic Games in Paris and see the “citius, altius, fortius” requirements are being pushed into the background by the non-sports aspects of daily politics? Would he have revised his position that “And you are fair, Sport”, yes! People often struggle for understanding and justice in vain, because if you are not with them, they discover it with you. Or is it fair that the IOC discriminates against certain nations (only one or two out of about forty) because of war conflicts? Yes, war is terrible, but what does the IOC have to do with it? As if the Olympic movement is competent in these matters! This can only happen because, unfortunately, Coubertin’s vision also becomes doubtful: O Sport, you are Peace! You promote happy relations between people, bringing them together in their shared devotion to a strength which is controlled, organized and self-disciplined. Yet the Ode threatens fraudsters with punishment: “He who, with some shameful trick, manages to deceive his fellow competitors feels guilty to his very core and lives in fear of the ignominious epithet which shall forever be attached to his name should his trickery be discovered.” Like in my previous articles, in this study, I classified the attacks on the universal values of sport into five groups (rings of five): doping, cheating, illegal spot betting, match-fixing and gender hacking. In this paper, without claiming to be complete, I only picked out a few counterexamples of the violation of the most important principles of Coubertin! And finally, here is the most astonishing question: Could the baron speak at all, or could he just mumble to himself because of today’s all-powerful political correctness? Overall, one should wonder if political correctness – although with benevolent intentions – may ruin the Olympic movement.

Turnen und Sport im Kaiserreich: Aufbruch in die Moderne?

In the period surrounding the 150th anniversary of the German Empire, the debates among historians concerning its role and meaning for the process of modern society in Germany, have recently increased in intensity and sharpness. No matter how the interpretations were positioned between the gloomy shadow of the Pickelhaube (spiked German military helmets) and the radiant birth of modernity, physical exercise and physical culture remained unconsidered. This is surprising, since gymnastics and sports had grown into a mass movement throughout Europe since 1900 at the latest. Accordingly, this essay expands the current discussion on modernity of the German Empire from the specific perspective of sport history. The three areas of (gymnastics) instruction, club (Verein) and Olympic movement are used to discuss the extent to which physical education and physical culture became part of the developing mass society during the period of the Empire. They marked a “transition into modernity”, according to Hedwig Richter. What potential for the development of modern civil societies, including structures of participation, liberality, and democracy, did physical exercises – gymnastics, games and sports – contribute to the development of the German Empire from the 19th century until its termination after World War I? This may well be the leading question and indeed challenge of the paper.

Олимпиады по истории как маркёр современных научных интересов студенчества (на примере олимпиад ОмГУ им. Ф. М. Достоевского) 2017-2022 гг.

The Olympic movement has become a priority activity of the Government of the Russian Federation. It is considered as the first stage of introducing students to the profession, as an important form of popularization of scientific knowledge, as one of the ways to form a successful young person. In this regard, the all-Russian History Olympiad for students of higher educational institutions, which is held by Dostoevsky Omsk State University, is in line with the current directions of youth policy. This Olympiad has been held since 2017 and is dedicated to discussing a landmark event in the history of Russia. The Olympiad consists of two stages: qualifying and final. At the qualifying stage, participants write a historical essay on the declared topic and attribute images related to this event. At the final stage, students complete written assignments and take part in the discussion of the problematic issue of the designated event in the form of a round table with the participation of a visiting scientist who is an expert in this field. In 2017-2022, issues related to the revolution of 1917, the Munich Conference of 1938, the Great Patriotic War, the Kronstadt Uprising of 1921 and the creation of the USSR were raised at the Olympics. The features of the all-Russian History Olympiad are highlighted. Organizationally, the Olympiad moved to the online space, which allowed students to more actively realize their scientific interest in such events. The permanent participants of the historical Olympiad have been identified in the face of universities that encourage scientific research, passion for the history of the Fatherland and competitive excitement in their students. The preferences of students in the study and discussion of certain events in the history of Russia of the twentieth century are emerging. For some students, the Olympiad has become a kind of springboard in their successful intellectual activity, which finds its further embodiment in conferences, travel grants, scientific projects.

Olympic Rule 50 and political neutrality: is it time for a turning point?

Since 1955 the Olympic Charter (OC) declares that there must be no extraneous events within the Olympic Games (OG), in particular of a political nature. The so-called Rule 50 has banned the use of the Games to externalize one’s ideas. Its infringements were mostly due to symbolic behavior by athletes who were then punished despite demanding respect for fundamental human rights trampled on in many regions of the world. The first question this essay poses is: is the rule an unjustified impediment to acting for just cause? Recent international political events and in particular the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict have sparked renewed interest in the declared apolitical and neutrality of the Olympic Movement (OM) and its effectiveness in promoting peace and achieving the goals of Olympism. The second question of this essay is: is this positioning always reconcilable with real events? It will be concluded that the current rule 50 adheres to the rules of international law while neutrality should be rethought and sacrificed if it makes the pursuit of the objectives of peace and justice less effective. The two issues are independent but can act in complementary ways to pursue legitimate objectives of the OM.

AXIOLOGICAL GUIDELINES AND TRANSFOMATION OF THE VALUE POTENTIAL OF MODERN SPORTS OF HIGHER ACHIEVEMENTS THROUGH THE EYES OF STUDENTS

The article presents an attempt to identify the attitude of students to Olympic values and their social transformation in the sport of higher achievements. The analysis of a sociological survey conducted among full-time and part-time students of the Pedagogical Faculty and the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports of the State Social and Humani- tarian University (SSU) is given. The authors come to the conclusion that modern socio-political and ethical atti- tudes leave an imprint on the attitude of the younger generation to the Olympic movement, which, in turn, is associ- ated with the need to change certain well-established stereotypes in the perception of Olympism and Olympic values.

O desenvolvimento dos Jogos Pan-Americanos (1955-1959)

ABSTRACT This paper examines the second and third editions of the Pan-American Games (Pan-Am), as a formal constituent of the Olympic Movement, materialized within the broader tensions of Cold War. Data collection gathered primary sources from the 1950s corresponding to the preparation and realization of those Games, namely: official documents of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Pan-American Sports Organization (PASO), and the Mexican Olympic Committee. Results demonstrate that, after the immediate success of the first two editions, the continuity of the Pan-Am was threatened by financial, ideological and political reasons.

A Short History of (Eretz) Israel’s Way into the International Olympic Movement

As the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has always followed its own sporting geography differing from political geography, it thereby takes a twofold approach to the states of the world. On the one hand, it recognizes National Olympic Committees (NOCs) which are the only eligible entities to nominate athletes to the Olympic Games. The NOCs are in most cases representatives of internationally recognized states even though they have to be independent from the government according to IOC regulations. On the other hand, the personal members of the IOC represent the IOC in their respective countries. With the example of Mandatory Palestine and, later on, Israel, this paper illustrates in the first part the difficulties organized sport faced in a contested political state in order to get a National Olympic Committee formed and recognized by the IOC. The British Mandate and the (sport) political power struggles within Mandatory Palestine call for a close look at the sources in order to get a clear picture of how the regional NOC came into force. Some books and articles have at least dealt with this topic but some historical works seem to overlook each other due to language barriers. The second part of this paper gives an insight into the quest of Israelis for personal IOC membership. In the cases shown it becomes clear that dealing with IOC membership is also dealing with politics.

The System of Organization and Sport Management in Ukraine: Problems and Prospects

Sport in the modern life of society and the state - is a very special world with its social values and its own rules. Sport has long been a cultural phenomenon, a significant social and developed activity, an important means of preserving and developing European personal identity. The failure of the Olympic Team of Ukraine on the Games of the XXII Olympiad in Rio de Janeiro in 2016, non-fulfillment the planned indicators provided for by TheConcept of athletes training, indicates the existence of a crisis situation in Ukrainian sports and the need for systematic action to address these issues. State interests require the urgent use of effective measures to resolve not only purely sports but also socially significant problems of ensuring the development of sport in Ukraine, taking into account national traditions and current trends. Analysis of the changes taking place in the conditions of globalization of sport in the international olympic movement, as well as the study of trends in the development of the organization and management of sport in the world and the current state of sport in Ukraine, conditioned the choice of the topic of research. According to the strategy of the President and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, aimed at implementing the Agreement on the Association of Ukraine with the European Union and reforming all sectors of the country's life in accordance with European standards, sport as an important social phenomenon penetrates all levels of modern society, exerting a wide influence on the main spheres of society's life. It is clear that in the field of physical education and sports of Ukraine there has long been a need for reform. The main goal of the sport reform in Ukraine is to create appropriate regulatory, socio-economic and organizational conditions that will promote not only the improvement of the organizational-management system of national sports to the standards of the leading countries of the world, the appropriate level of coverage of children by sports, but also will provide a mechanism for selection and training gifted individuals in order to achieve higher sport achievements.

Gender perspective proposals for colombian national olympic movement progress

Introducción: La historia de avances por la igualdad de género al interior del Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI) es y ha sido una historia de luchas de mujeres, quienes han soñado con participar en igualdad de condiciones y de oportunidades de la práctica deportiva; no obstante, la comprensión global de la igualdad de género, en el ámbito deportivo, se ha centrado en la igualdad numérica de atletas mujeres y hombres; por ello, existe la necesidad de contemplar y entender la transversalización de la perspectiva de género, desde un análisis holístico del sistema Olímpico Internacional. Objetivo: En este sentido, resulta perentorio analizar cuál es la realidad deportiva nacional colombiana hacia la igualdad de género, en el Movimiento Olímpico. Metodología: Para ello, se analizan los indicadores y los principios de buena gobernanza deportiva de la herramienta de evaluación del Observador Nacional de Gobernanza Deportiva, específicamente, asociados a la promoción de la equidad de género. Resultados: Al analizar los diversos resultados, se observa un patrón nacional de vacíos frente a la implementación de medidas direccionadas en la defensa de la equidad de género, debido al supuesto histórico que asume la promoción y la democratización del deporte, como un objetivo neutro al género, lo cual, ha conllevado a grandes brechas en detrimento de las mujeres y las niñas, en el Movimiento Olímpico nacional. Conclusiones: Se concluye, la responsabilidad del sistema olímpico nacional de diseñar, implementar, monitorear y evaluar políticas, estrategias, programas y acciones, con perspectiva de género para transformar las barreras adicionales, a las cuales, se enfrentan las mujeres y las niñas, para su aproximación y experiencia de la filosofía del olimpismo.

Child Abuse in the Canadian and American Olympic Movement: Reforming Institutional Oversight of Amateur Sports

For many years, sexual abuse of young athletes quietly festered throughout amateur sport organizations in Canada and the United States. However, the veil has recently been lifted by the highly publicized testimonies of athletes sexually abused as minors by disgraced former USA Gymnastics (“USAG”) physician and Michigan State University professor Larry Nassar. The troubling details of these stories spurred investigations seeking to identify the causes behind the institutional failures to intervene in Nassar’s perpetration of abuse. The evidence gathered by these investigations alongside independent academic research reveal that unfettered predatory behaviour is a pervasive issue across the institutions responsible for overseeing the American Olympic movement and amateur sports. In addition, similar patterns of unchecked abuse have since been identified as plaguing Canadian Olympic and amateur sport organizations. This paper examines the institutional failures to address child sexual abuse occurring under the oversight of Olympic and amateur sport organizations in Canada and the United States. In both countries, efforts are currently underway to reform governance of these institutions to better protect minors participating in amateur sports. Accordingly, this paper also analyzes the policies implemented thus far and makes substantive recommendations on ideal federal level initiatives.

Ideowo-wychowawcze i propagandowe aspekty IV Ogólnopolskiej Spartakiady Młodzieży w 1975 r. w Białymstoku

During the communist Polish People’s Republic period, National Youth Spartakiads ranked among the biggest sporting events in the country. The competitions, in which young people participated, provided an ideal environment for exerting ideological and educational influence on them. This influence should be understood as actions taken by the state authorities aimed at shaping the awareness of the indicated social group and adopting by the members of this group the attitudes desired from the perspective of the party and state authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland. The communist authorities engaged co-operating socialist youth organisations to fulfil that task. The aim of this paper is to discuss the activities of youth organisations in terms of their ideological and educational impact during a major sporting event such as the 4th National Youth Spartakiad in 1975, using the example of the activities of youth organizations in the Białostockie, Łomżyńskie and Suwalskie Voivodships. The sources were archival materials found in the resources of the Archive of New Files in Warsaw and the State Archive in Białystok, as well as press materials published in the local newspaper “Gazeta Współczesna”. The article discusses the participation of youth organisations in the promotion of physical culture in the Polish People’s Republic, their propaganda activities and the methods of ideological and educational agitation adopted by these organisations during the 4th National Youth Spartakiad. The area of interest also included the use of the ideals of the Olympic movement to shape the attitudes of young people desired by the communist authorities.

Socio-pedagogical characteristics of the olympic movements in Uzbekistan

The National Olympic Games in Olympic and National Sports are held in Uzbekistan. To hold the Republican Olympics in Olympic and National Sports, preparations are being made. It is mentioned that a schedule will be created for the National Olympic Games. The infrastructure of sporting venues, which host sporting events, will be renovated and furnished with the required sporting goods. The National Olympic Games will be organized to a high standard, and victors and prizewinners will receive suitable awards. The National Olympic Games preparation process is extensively covered in the media, including social media. This article provides feedback and feedback on the socio-pedagogical features of the Olympic movements in Uzbekistan.

OLYMPIC EDUCATION. PRESENT AND FUTURE

The authors present the point of view that the Olympic education is very important in the presentation of universal values. Olympic education, combining the ideas of universal values, offers various methods for their implementation. An analysis was made of the role of sports in the field of political international relations from the point of view of Olympic education. Conclusions. In case the Olympic values are reflected in students and young people behavior, we can assume the educational process has achieved results, and the pedagogical process of Olympic Education ensures the development of the Olympic movement.

The role of discipline "Olympic Education" in training specialists of "Physical Culture and Sport" in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan makes a significant contribution to the development of physical culture and sports in the Olympic games and as such, there is an urgent direction to study the prospects for the development of the educational services market and conduct research on consumers of educational services. The purpose of our study was to study and analyze the activities for the organization and implementation of work, related to the massive introduction of the ideas of Olympism and Olympic education in the daily life of both Kazakhstani specialists in the field of physical culture and sports, and the entire sports community. The study collected data through a survey involving 347 respondents working in the field of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Data was analyzed using percentages and content analysis. From the study, it was concluded that Olympic movement and Olympic education make the younger generation much smarter, more humane, more aesthetic and more tolerant.
 
 Keywords: Education; Olympic; physical culture ; sports; Olympic movement.

Medicine and athletics evolution

The article discusses the most popular type of Olympic movement — athletics. All stages of athletics formation and development are highlighted and described.A connection from ancient athleticism to modern Olympism is described, including the problem of globalization of sports and medical supervision.From the very beginning, athletics has established itself as an international sport in which men and women from all over the world participate.New trends of the late XX — early XXI century have a serious impact on various areas of modern life, including the sports industry and the Olympic movement.The communication revolution has brought not only benefits, but also created new problems. Based on the study of athletics development, it has been established that the Olympic movement remains an important international institution working to strengthen mutual understanding and cooperation between peoples.Further, the International Olympic Committee notes the expansion of educational work to spread the Olympic values and ideals of sport.The article is devoted to topical issues of the Olympic movement, which have a significant impact on social processes.

RELEVANT TASKS OF OLYMPIC EDUCATION IN THE MODERN OLYMPIC MOVEMENT

This article is devoted to the relevant tasks of Olympic education in the modern Olympic Movement. The set of complex social and pedagogical problems, such as a complete rejection of the humanistic ideals of Pierre de Coubertin in his concept of Olympism, unfair competitions, the decline in youth interest in the Olympic Games and others, as well as the ways to promote Olympic values have been presented in the article.