Oil Pumping Stations Research Articles

Energy Efficient Control by the Group of Oil Pumping Stations Operation

This work is devoted to intensification of the power efficiency of computerized systems of con-trol by the pumping units group of oil pumping stations of the main lines. The criterion of the energy efficiency is a minimum total energy loss. The goal set can be reached by the develop-ment of algorithms of the energy efficient control. The most important scientific result based on the identification of the mathematical models of the objects controlled is the efficient algorithm for controlling the group of oil pumping units. It allows determining in real time the operation modes of separate pumping units, upon which the total energy losses will be minimal. The sig-nificance of the results obtained consists in the energy losses decrease across the main oil pipe-line during the combined control by the pumping units groups. Their practical significance con-sists in decreasing the cost of oil transportation at the expense of decreasing the energy con-sumed by the pumping units. The main stages of plotting the modes maps were presented of the efficient operation of the pumping units based on the definition of the necessary rotation fre-quencies and positions of the regulating valves. Experimentally was performed the analysis of the operation modes of the pumping unit using different methods for productivity regulation, and their comparative energy efficiency was shown. The experimental data extrapolation was carried out, and, on its basis, the possible economic effect was determined brought by the use of the energy-conserving systems of the controlling the group of pumping systems.

Research of the operation of a group of asynchronous motors at short-term voltage slopes for the conditions of the oil industry

Voltage dips are quite frequent and dangerous phenomenon, which can lead to disruption of the production process. Ensuring the stability of induction motors during voltage dips is an important task to ensure the continuity of the technological process, as well as to reduce material losses. THE PURPOSE. List the main causes of voltage dips. Develop a simulation model corresponding to a typical power supply scheme for an oil pumping station with a group of asynchronous motors as a load. Perform two series of calculations to determine the parameters of the electrical mode in case of voltage dips and the subsequent restoration of the voltage on the buses of the supply substation. METHODS. When solving the problem, the PSCAD software package was used. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, the main causes of voltage dips are given. The simulation of voltage dips resulting from a short circuit on the substation equipment has been performed. A series of calculations were performed, differing from each other in the changed initial data: the place of occurrence of a short circuit, the time delay of automatic transfer of the reserve. The analysis of the obtained results is carried out. CONCLUSION. According to the test results, it can be seen that the decrease in voltage on the low voltage buses of substations after the operation of automatic transfer switch is the lower, the longer the time delay of automatic transfer switch. In this work, the maximum time delay was 7 seconds, while there was no violation of the stability of the induction motors. The need to study the operation of a group of asynchronous motors in case of accidents in an external electrical network is also determined.

Improving Energy Efficiency of Main Oil Pipeline Systems by Method of Multidimensional Network Optimization of Oil Flows

The aim of this paper is to explore the organization of oil’s traffic from various oilfields through a system of main pipelines adapted to control the rheological properties of the pumped product due to rational oil blending of various oilfields at the nodal points of the pipeline system – at oil pumping stations with storage facilities. The current trend of increasing high-viscosity and high-pour-point oil production and the urgent need of their main pipeline transport are the main problem of our research. Its solution will provide an oil-transfer system from various oilfields that will minimize the total energy consumption for oil pumping. To determine the blending parameters at the nodal points we suggest to use the standard multidimensional optimization algorithm: the simplex method as the main calculation module. The objective function is presented in the form of total energy consumption for oil pumping, depending on the concentration of oil blending at the nodal points of the main oil pipeline system. We propose a method for calculating the objective function for any branched main oil pipeline system using algorithms for constructing a blending tree and determining its properties using the tree traversal algorithm. The issues of determining the limits of possible blending based on mass balance and quality reserve preservation of oils that delivered to consumers were also considered in our paper work. As an example, we solved this problem for an element of a main oil pipeline system with four oil blending nodes in the case of an oil viscosity increase of one of the suppliers. Carrying out multidimensional optimization of energy consumption for this system made it possible to increase its energy efficiency by more than 2%.

Исследование коррозионной активности атмосферы на нефтеперекачивающих станциях с резервуарными парками

В настоящее время в отечественных национальных и международных стандартах отсутствуют данные по коррозионной активности атмосферы регионов, в которых расположены нефтеперекачивающие станции с резервуарными парками, эксплуатируемые российским оператором магистральных нефте- и нефтепродуктопроводов. В нормативных документах ПАО «Транснефть», регламентирующих требования к антикоррозионным покрытиям для наружной поверхности резервуаров, определены три категории коррозионной активности атмосферы по ISO 12944-2:2017. Данная классификация учитывает климатические условия регионов, но не учитывает скорость коррозии стали. В этой связи с целью определения скорости коррозии стальных конструкций в различных климатических районах, где расположены объекты организаций системы «Транснефть», была проведена серия испытаний. На 28 НПС в восьми климатических районах были установлены стенды с образцами из стали 09Г2С. Скорость коррозии металла образцов определяли гравиметрическим методом после выдержки в течение шести месяцев, одного года, двух, трех, четырех и пяти лет. Установлено, что скорость коррозии металлических образцов составила от 55 до 236 г/(м∙год), что соответствует категории коррозионной активности атмосферы С2 и С3 по ISO 12944-2:2017 и ГОСТ 34667.2-2020. Наибольшая скорость коррозии - от 177 до 236 г/(м∙год) - наблюдалась в районах расположения НПС в непосредственной близости от моря (до 1,5 км от береговой линии). Currently, there is no data included in the state and international standards on the corrosion activity of the atmosphere in the regions in which oil pumping stations with tank farms are situated, which are operated by Russian main oil and oil products pipeline operators. In the regulatory documents of Transneft PJSC, which specify the requirement for anticorrosion coatings for the outer surfaces of tanks, three categories of atmospheric corrosion activity are defined as per ISO 12944-2:2017. This classification takes into account the climatic conditions of the regions, but not the steel corrosion rate. In this regard, in order to determine the corrosion rate of steel structure in various climatic regions, where Transneft facilities are situated, a series of tests was performed. The test bench with 09G2S steel samples was installed on 28 oil pumping stations in eight climatic regions. The corrosion rate of the metal samples was determined by the gravimetric method after tempering within the period of six months, one year, two, three, four and five years. It has been established that the corrosion rate of the metal samples amounted from 55 to 236 g/(m·per year), which corresponds to the atmospheric corrosion activity category C2 and C3 as per ISO 12944-2:2017 and GOST 34667.2-2020. The highest corrosion rate, from 177 to 236 g/(m·per year) - was observed in the OPS location regions with close proximity to sea (1,5 km to shore line).

Experimental and Calculation Studies of Main Line Oil Pumps Efficiency Change Due to Smooth Coatings

The study is dedicated to investigation of impact made by smooth coatings applied on the flow part surfaces of main line oil pumps with reference to energy efficiency performance of the said pumps. Loctite 7227 and Belzona 1341 were used as coatings which allowed to significantly reduce the roughness of the coated surfaces. Distinctive features of the abovementioned coatings are low cost and easy application (by spraying or using a brush) which is, despite lack of hydrophobic behavior, makes them applicable for use in operating conditions at oil pumping stations. Experimental studies have been carried out including coatings testing on full-scale pumps MOL 1250-60 and MOL 10000-210. The results of the experimental studies have been compared with the results of analytic calculations. Based on the results of the studies the applicability of smooth non-hydrophobic coatings was confirmed on condition of their application on the surfaces of volute flow parts of mainline oil pumps. Besides, the suggested analytical procedure for coatings efficiency evaluation was validated.

Design Features of the User Interface of the Pipeline Pressure Control Monitoring System

For control and regulation of hydraulic systems, especially, oil pumping stations, automatic pressure control systems (APCS) are used. Using it, the monitoring, controlling, and adjusting the operation of technological equipment, optimization of modes, and other tasks that require direct human participation become possible. The operator (or dispatcher) interacts with the system via a human-machine interface. The monitoring system includes programs for collecting, processing, displaying, and archiving information about the object of observation and control. Well-suited and being put to the right user interface design promotes not only the effective interaction of the operator with the system in normal conditions but also prevents errors and helps to find a solution in a dangerous or emergency swiftly. This paper presents a software package designed for real-time monitoring and regulation of pipeline operation. A system simulation model is provided for the teaching and training of site personnel.

Modelling of explosion consequences using geo-informational technologies based on service-oriented architecture

The paper examines mathematical models describing spatial data used for calculation of possible damage areas. Software implementation of the models is based on set-theoretic description, relation algebra, topological relations, geo-informational technologies. These models allow describing facilities (buildings, structures, equipment, pipelines) on the territory of linear operation and dispatcher stations (LODS) and oil pumping stations (OPS) in the form of theme-based generality.

Oil storages and main oil pipelines pumps database development

The object of research is a data model that characterizes the pumping units of main oil pipelines. The paper considers the creation of pumps database and their characteristics as a component of software systems designed to search for sources of energy saving in pipeline transportation of oil and oil products. An overview of existing programs for calculating the joint operation of an oil pumping station and a pipeline is given. It is shown that most programs are inaccessible for analyzing the applied data storage technologies, or involve manual input of entry data without using databases. Comparative analysis of spreadsheets and relational databases is performed. It is shown that relational databases better meet the requirements of data convenience, availability, scalability, and performance. A physical model of a relational database is presented. The parent and child entities have been established, which make it possible to fully reflect all information about the pumping unit, namely: – coefficients of hydraulic characteristics depending on the diameter of the impeller rotor; – characteristics depending only on the pump make; – classification of the pump by design or purpose. Relationship types and referential integrity rules are defined between entities when deleting or updating data. For data management, the SQLite system is proposed, which provides data manipulation in the SQL query language and does not require the development of additional software. The analysis of possible ways of organizing multilingualism using a database is carried out. The text of the SQL query is proposed, which allows to select the pump with its characteristics by the pump make and impeller diameter. A database structure is proposed that allows storing information about equipment for oil pipelines for various purposes, which makes it possible for automated calculations of complex technological processes. The pumping unit database is an open source project that is posted on the public web service GitHub.

Decision Making for a Sustainable and Rentable Maintenance of a TORNADO Gas Turbine based on Fuzzy Logic Concept

In the modern oil & gas industry ,specifically, in hydrocarbon transportation by pipelines, maintenance decision making for the functional availability of equipment has a major in uence on the profitability of the facilities. In this perspective, this work aims to increase the capacity to monitor the behavior of a TORNADO type gas turbine, installed at an oil pumping station in Hassi R'Mel situated in southern Algeria, with modeling the degradation actions of this machine to make the effective decisions of their maintenance. The maintenance decision support process proposed in this work is based on the concept of fuzzy logic, helps the maintenance operator to choose the most appropriate maintenance actions depending on availability, productivity and quality of the transported oil. This minimizes costs and environmental impact, by ensuring an optimal level of oil transportation, for the monitoring of examined turbine component failures with a sustainable and cost-effective maintenance strategy.

Исследование причин снижения эффективности депрессорной присадки при перекачке парафинистых нефтей

The purpose of the research is to find out the reasons for the decrease in the effectiveness of the depressor additive DPN-1 as oil flows through the pipeline. The objects of the research are a mixture of paraffinic oils entering the Usa – Ukhta oil pipeline, either treated or untreated with DPN-1, as well as its mixture with highly-refined oil pumped from the Chikshino crude oil delivery and acceptance point. To achieve this goal, the rheological properties of oil were monitored at the main US oil pumping station, Chikshino and Ukhta-1 oil pumping stations; laboratory studies on the rheological properties attributed to simulated mixtures, compiled taking into account the volumes of oil delivered by various oil producers; and monitoring of the rheological properties of point samples of oils as they flow through the pipeline. The serial experiments resulted in establishing that the key factor in reduced efficiency of the DPN-1 additive used in the paraffinic oil mixture is the high pour point oil pumped from the Chikshino crude oil delivery and acceptance point (the share of which is 10 % of the total pumping volume).

Использование ветродизельной электростанции как основного источника электроснабжения нефтеперекачивающей станции

For electrification of decentralized energy consumption facilities, as a rule, constructed an autonomous diesel power station, the operation of which involves the use of diesel fuel mainly to start the unit, and the rest of the time the diesel generator sets operate on treated oil. To reduce fuel consumption (treated oil) and reduce the load on diesel generators, it is proposed to use as the main power source for oil pumping stations, located in regions with high wind energy potential – an autonomous hybrid power-supply system – wind-diesel power station with a parallel operation of the wind and diesel power station. The article provides an operation scheme of a wind-diesel power station. In case when there is no possibility to place diesel generator sets of the equivalentcapacity in the powerhouse hall, then the article describes the optimal calculation algorithm for power distribution between diesel generator sets with different capacity, based on solving simultaneous equations by using the Lagrange multiplier method. The article also provides a practical example of the algorithm.

Применение комплекса методов неразрушающего контроля для диагностирования фундаментов насосных агрегатов

Technical re-equipment of oil pumping stations often involves changing the power and weight of pumping equipment. In this regard, it is important to assess whether the replacement of a pumping unit foundation is feasible and, namely, whether the further use of existing facilities is possible, since the costs of replacing the foundations often exceed the costs of adapting existing structures to new equipment. The authors have developed a technology for examining pumping unit foundations to determine the possibility of increasing the load while replacing the equipment. Previously, no such survey has been conducted. The article presents the composition of the recommended diagnostic work, while describing the specifics and limitations of the methods used with some survey results given regarding more than 100 pump foundations. The average age of the samples was 44.9 years. As a result of geodetic measurements, the tilt and settlement values of the foundations were actually found to be free of changes over recent decades and complied with modern regulatory requirements, while the results of engineering and geological surveys have confirmed no serious risks of spatial displacements occurred. It was determined that during diagnostics it is necessary to control the following parameters: the existence of foundation waterproofing, concrete protective layer status, concrete strength and reinforced metal hardness, and whether the location of the reinforcement bars complies with the requirements of the design and/or regulatory and technical documentation. It is also necessary to make sure that there are no unacceptable corrosion damages to metal structures, with fastening and anchor bolt sizes being in compliance with the design and/or regulatory and technical documentation. The data on detected defects of various types are given taking into account the operating period and conditions of the foundations.

Recovery Throughput of Technological Pipelines and Useful Volume of Tanks for a Long Time Operated Pump Stations

The paper discusses the problems of cleaning technological pipelines and tanks to restore the capacity and useful volume capacity of oil pumping stations. The world experience of using chemical reagents for cleaning oil pipelines from asphalt-resinous paraffin deposits is considered, the disadvantages and advantages of the method are determined taking into account the restrictions that exist at the facilities of the main oil pipeline transport. The analysis of the results of experimental laboratory studies and pilot tests of the chemical washing technology at the existing facilities of Transneft PJSC is presented. Recommendations are given on improving the technology to reduce the consumption of chemicals and time costs. Particular attention is paid to the shortcomings and features of the use of hydrocarbon solvents for cleaning technological lines from pipes of small diameter and large tanks. The expediency of an additional physical effect is substantiated to increase the efficiency and rate of destruction and removal of hard-to-remove deposits, for which the use of ultrasonic resonators providing flow homogenization and dispersion is proposed.

Improving the Performance of the Pump Station in Pipe Line Transportation System Using PLC Controller and Remote Monitoring

In industries, analysis and control of pressure and flow rate control is very difficult, this leads to factory closings and heavy maintenance through PLC and SCADA implementation. Automatic control plays an important role in the continuous operation of the system. In this project, the actual pump performance is tested in terms of pressure, efficiency, and flow rate of the pump for the operating system using a pipeline by crossing pressure in the pipeline with a length of 2 m by connecting pressure sensing equipment. The global control unit SIMATIC S7-1214 as the main decision-making unit that uses this data to make the required decisions. Thus the operation and stopping of the pump as it asks the details related to all other correct information to SCADA to monitor and control the parameters in the pipeline system of the oil pumping station. Then it performs continuous supervision of oil pump station pipeline in order to allow solving any problem and thereby regulating the control system in the structure consists of three layers. These include the first layer of field devices second remote terminal units, and third domain controllers. The signals are sent from the devices via the transmitters to the dedicated PLC boards in the second layer. The central level of SCADA contains a high-speed computer to supervise or operate the station remotely in order to display information through the LABVIEW screens that was showed the final results of pressure and flow rate by operating the system with a voltage rated by Plus With Modulation at a value of 2.73 V for both light and heavy crude oil. It was showed that the pressure value is 0.22bar and the value of the flow rate is 0.25 L/M for heavy oil. While the light is 0.23bar for pressure and the flow rate is 0.652L/M. In addition, to conducting several experiments that show that an increase in the value of the voltage obtained using heavy oil by a value of 3.77 V the pressure value becomes 0.35 bar the flow rate is at 4.78L/M, while light oil has shown the results are that the rated voltage value is 3.77 V, the pressure value is 0.33bar, and the flow rate value through the tube becomes 5.17 L/M. Thus, the greatest value of the voltage 3.77 V, The result when the flow rate through the pipeline increases rapidly, and the pressure decreases, the pipeline passes through the pipeline faster

SETTLEMENT STRUCTURE OF THE TYUMEN REGION IN THE AREA OF THE MAIN OIL AND GAS PIPELINES: SPATIAL LAYOUT AND SOCIOCULTURAL DYNAMICS

The article analyses the settlement of the Tyumen Region from the perspective of the interaction between the traditional settlement scheme that has developed over the last four centuries, and a group of settlements, where oil pumping and/or gas compressor stations of main oil and gas pipelines are located and maintained. The genesis of this interaction revealed two main directions: eastern and northern. In the first case, the junction points of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which served as administrative outposts, initiated the process of forming agricul-tural, commercial and then industrial zones (and, accordingly, new settlements); the north direction reflects the main stages of Russia's advancement to the North, including the massive industrial development of a unique West-Siberian oil-and-gas province. The homogeneity of the considered settlements in terms the production, terri-torial and social aspects allows us to interpret them as a territorial and production cluster. The organising role of the pipeline transport network in the further development of this cluster is shown. Firstly, it contributed to the emergence of new settlements, and secondly, former small settlements turned into the nodal points of the trans-formed settlement scheme. The result of the cluster formation is correlated with the dynamics of the urbanisation process and is presented in the form of a framework for the development and settlement of the Tyumen Region and its scheme. The consideration of the subject matter is multidisciplinary in nature due to its complex and multi-aspect character. In this study, elements of various methods and approaches were employed: historical-geographical and economic-geographical when studying the genesis of the settlement structure; ethno-demographic when considering the processes of natural and forced migration; socio-cultural and economic-organisational when trying to create a sociocultural scheme of a territorial community.

PUMP PIPING VIBRATIONS REDUCTION BY VIBRATION ISOLATORS FORMING SPECIFIED FORCE CHARACTERISTICS

A significant part of the stock of pumping equipment of pumping stations is age-related. A common occurrence is the failure of equipment or its individual parts due to vibration overload. The source of increased vibration of pumping units in some cases are vibrations of pump piping. A high level of vibration leads to fatigue breakdowns of equipment at oil pumping stations. Each case of pipeline vibration occurrence requires a thorough and qualified analysis, since there are no universal methods for reducing the vibration of technological pipelines. For vibration isolation, it is proposed to use vibration isolators with negative stiffness on the basis of a special form shapes. The pipeline in this case acts as a stabilizer for a vibration isolator with negative stiffness. The force characteristic of the «pipeline - vibration isolator» system at the same time in a certain range becomes flat, which reduces its stiffness and, consequently, its natural frequencies. Using these systems, it is possible to shift the resonant zone of vibration-proof systems to the area of low frequencies, which leads to an increase in the coefficient of vibration isolation. Analytical calculations were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution. A passive vibration isolator based on an elastic element moving along the guides of a special form perpendicular to their axis, allows to create the power characteristics of a given shape, which are necessary to protect against vibration in each case.

ESPO oil pipeline: assessment of impact on social and economic development of municipal districts

The article presents the conducted analysis of the impact of the ESPO pipeline construction and operation on the socio-economic development of the territories along its route. The study area included municipal areas along the western part of the ESPO oil pipeline (the so-called ESPO-1): six municipal areas of Irkutsk region, four municipal areas of Yakutia and two municipal areas of Amur region. The study showed poor availability of jobs in oil pumping stations of the oil pipeline system, as well as the small amount of tax payments currently coming to the budgets of settlements and municipal districts, which is mainly explained by the existing system of redistribution of tax revenues. The change in the level of accessibility of transport infrastructure for the local population is also controversial: technological routes along the oil pipeline have departmental affiliation with limited access for third parties and individuals. As a result, despite the declared social orientation, the oil pipeline failed to bring enough positive changes for the majority of the territories, which resulted in much worse dynamics of the population relative to its regions in all municipal districts except for the Taishetsky district of Irkutsk region.

Implementation and operation of anti-pressure systems of oil pipelines

The article analyzes the issue of protection of oil pipelines from high-pressure waves arising from pressure pulsation, water impacts during normal or abnormal shutdown of pumping units or an intermediate pumping station caused by the unauthorized closure of valves, etc. Main aspects of implementation of anti-pressure systems (APS) were considered and economic criteria for their installation on existing and projected oil pipelines were determined. An example of calculation of non-stationary processes required to substantiate the expediency of using high-pressure pumps at intermediate oil pumping stations was presented. The main types of system designs, features of their operation and planned maintenance were presented.

About Prospects of Replacement of Technologies of Static Upholding by Vortex Flowing Technologies of Cleaning of Drains

Prospects of use of flowing vortex acoustic technologies at oil pumping stations, for the purpose of an intensification of processes of cleaning of drains in comparison with traditional technologies of gravitational upholding and Archimedean flotation are proved.

FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF PRESSURE WAVES SMOOTHING SYSTEMS IN OIL PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION

Background The scale of PJSC Transneft activities implies a high load and almost uninterrupted operation of the pipeline network. At the same time, during its operation, deviations from the standard modes of transportation, pressure pulsations and hydraulic shocks are possible, the consequences of which can damage equipment or cause damage to the pipe and oil outflow into the environment. A regular or abnormal shutdown of an aggregate or an entire intermediate oil pumping station (OPS) during pumping is accompanied by an increase in pressure, resulting in a steep pressure wave propagating upstream in the direction of the previous station. Due to friction losses, the initial perturbation decays, i.e. its slope and amplitude decrease in absolute value. Reaching the previous station, the increase in pressure wave leads to an increase in pressure at the station outlet. To maintain the setpoint at the LPS outlet, the automatic control system (ACS) of the pressure creates a wave of pressure reduction (vacuum). If the speed of the ACS is not enough to offset the surge pressure, the pressure at the outlet of the pump station can reach the setpoint for the operation of the corresponding station overpressure protection. The action of general station protection comes down to shutting down a single pump or an entire station. When this protection is triggered, a wave of pressure reduction begins to propagate towards the incoming wave of pressure increase downstream. As a result of wave interference, the pressure decreases in the linear part of the pipeline. However, before the wave reaches the previous OPS, the pressure in the section between stations may exceed the allowable working pressure of the pipe sections, which can lead to depressurization of the pipeline. In most cases, in the Transneft system, the protection of line pipes sections from verpressure in transient processes caused by the disconnection of the main pumping unit or the whole pumping station is protected by means of pressure wave smoothing systems. Aims and Objectives The study aim is study of the issues of protection of trunk pipeline facilities from high-pressure waves arising from pressure pulsations, water hammer during normal or abnormal shutdown of pumping units or an intermediate pumping station as a whole, with unauthorized closure of valves, etc. Results The main aspects of the implementation of pressure wave smoothing systems are considered and the economic criteria for their installation on existing and projected oil pipelines are defined. An example is given of the calculation of non-stationary processes necessary to substantiate the expediency of using the high pressure pump at intermediate oil pumping stations. Presents the main types of system designs, features of their operation and planned maintenance.