Official Business Research Articles

Официально-деловой стиль современного английского языка и вопросы словообразования

Introduction . The article is devoted to word formation in the official business style of the English language. The article gives a classification of word formation methods . The lexical, morphological and syntactic ways of forming words in this style are analyzed sequentially. Specific methods of word formation for each of the sub-styles of the official business style are indicated. Purpose of the article is to disclose and analyze peculiarities official business style of modern English . Methods of the analysis, synthesis and abstraction are used in the article. Results. Morphological way of word formation (by means of affixes, formation of complex words, conversion and abbreviations), as a whole, is characteristic of the English language. Here, both productive and unproductive affixes are noted. In English , conversion is the most common way . The study of word-formation models in the vocabulary of the official business style reveals the direction of development of the language in this field. Originality . The process of verbalization is especially noted here. In the lexical-semantic method, terms formed by the method of constriction, expansion and metonymic transfer of the basic value are analyzed. In addition, the processes of terminology, determinologization and interrogation are considered. It is noted that most of the terms used in legal terminology are borrowed. Conclusion . The new vocabulary of the official business style of the English language is formed in various ways: lexical, morphological and syntactic. With the lexical method, conversion, in particular verbalization, is particularly productive. In the legal and military sub-styles the lexical-semantic method is represented by the narrowing and widening of the basic meaning of words. A number of military terms were transferred to the administrative sub-style, in particular, in the area of business. Insofar as legal, diplomatic, and military sub-styles are more susceptible to social change, they can be traced to a large number of borrowings. English vocabulary of official business style can be formed by suffixing, prefixing and prefixing-suffixing ways (morphological method). The syntactic method by which complex words are formed includes various models. In most cases, the noun is assumed to be an indispensable component of these models.

СИЛИ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЇ: СКЛАД, ЗАВДАННЯ, ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОМПЛЕКТУВАННЯ ТА БОЙОВОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ

The history of Great Britain Special Forces establishment and development is analyzed. The main stages of the organization as well as the main tasks assigned to the SF units and the peculiarities of their combat employment are discovered. The origins of Great Britain Special Forces which can be noticed in small mobile cavalry group employment during the first Anglo-Boer War have been specified. Chronological order has been used since the creation of special units during the initial period of the Second World War until 1987 – the time of British army SF groups’ creation. The effectiveness of British SF units’ combat actions during Second World War and postwar local armed conflicts has been estimated. The United Kingdom operatives’ armaments and military equipment have been examined. Ways of foreign experience applying to improve Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine management and official business are outlined. It has been done for the successful tasks performance during the militant actions against Russian aggression and illegally created armed units in the east part of Ukraine.

Cohort tables of enterprise duration in Łódzkie voivodship

The aim of the article is to present the results of cohort analysis of enterprise duration in Łódzkie voivodship in the years 2001—2015 (including cities with powiat status such as Łódź, Piotrków Trybunalski and Skierniewice) conducted on the basis of data from the National Official Business Register REGON. The article with selected annual information from cohort enterprise duration tables prepared for enterprises established in Łódzkie voivodship contains i.a., assessment of liquidation survival probability of enterprises in the first, third and fifth year of activity, and estimation of probability of persistence and survival in the period 0—1, 0—3 and 0—5 years. The obtained results confirmed that in each of the analysed periods there was a strong similarity in characteristics of enterprise duration in Łódzkie voivodship, including Łódź. However, the situation of enterprises from Piotrków Trybunalski and Skierniewice differed in terms of duration from the situation of units from Łódź, particularly for the third year of business activity.

Growth volatility and size: A firm-level study

This paper provides a systematic cross-country investigation of the relation between a firm’s growth volatility and its size. For the first time the analysis is carried out using comparable and representative sets of data sourced by official business registers of an important number of countries. We show that there exists a robust negative relation between growth volatility and size with an average elasticity equal to −0.18. We check the robustness of this result against a number of potential sources of bias and in particular with respect to sectoral disaggregation and against the inclusion of firm age. Our result is consistent with the idea that independently from specific country characteristics there exists a common underlying mechanism driving the elasticity between size and growth volatility. We then propose two mechanisms able to explain our result and we conclude discussing its relevance with respect to the recent literature on granularity.

Функции и структура заголовка в «Проекте устава о тюрьмах», составленном Екатериной II

The article is devoted to the structural features of the headlines in the legal text of the 18 th century in connection with their functions. Source of the study was the Draft Charter on Prisons (1787), composed by Catherine II with the aim of detailed provisions of a new device of the prisons in Russia. The relevance of the work lies in the need to study the role of the headline in the text of the document in order to better represent the process of formation of this genre. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that the prescriptive function of the title of the legal text is considered to be dominant in some cases. The author dwells on the specifics of the Draft of 1787 in comparison with other penitentiary documents of the 18 th -19 th centuries. Attention is drawn to the multifunctional nature of the title of legal text and the dominant role of one or another of its functions. Particular attention is paid to the forms of the title depending on the degree of expression of the function in a certain paragraph of the document. The classification of headlines in the legal text depending on the dominant role of a particular function of the headline is proposed. The author gives examples of contamination of informative and prescriptive functions of headlines with indication of cases of such mixing. It is noted that this kind of research complements the picture of the formation of the official business style.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF MODERN FORMS OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY

The article is devoted to the relevant issue of introduction of new forms of self-employment and labour in the national economy. The basic indicators of employment of the population are analysed. They testify that recently the number of employed people has decreased, and the number of people who have organized their activities has increased. Researches showed that during 2017, industry differences in nominal and real wages also deepened. The highest average monthly nominal wage in Ukraine remained in financial-insurance and information and telecommunication activities, and the smallest – in land transport, construction, industry, education, and healthcare. It is substantiated that such disagreements create serious socio-economic problems at the local and regional level. These problems have become the prerequisite for the study of new forms of employment and labour, such as outsourcing, outstaffing, freelance, e-lance, coworking. The described models of the business organization use the work of specialists for a certain period of time or volume of work. In this context, the significance of outsourcing as an instrument of enterprises’ access to the necessary resources, an increase of their competitiveness, and reduction of transaction costs is researched, as well as opportunities for development and strengthening of staffing through outstaffing. The advantages of these new forms are: reduced tax base; maintaining the status of a small business; avoiding labour risks and additional grounds for inspections; simplification of accounting. A special attention in the article is devoted to models of self-employment or labour activity of professionals for job search and earnings. Such professions as freelancer and e-lancer, as shown by the research, provide the opportunity to work remotely and carry out all activities through the Internet. Professional areas of e-lancers are as follows: design and graphics, website development and support, writing of advertising and informational texts, programming, advertising, marketing, photography, audio and video, consulting, engineering, and other business services. One of the first explored common platforms (freelance platforms) was hackerspaces, that is, places where gathered people with common interests, and there were such platforms at the expense of membership fees. A comparison of a hackerspace with coworking has shown both common and distinctive features. The main difference is that when building coworking platforms, most often there is cooperation with private business as the organizer of this platform. There is also a certain public sector involvement, but unlike more developed European countries, this sector in Ukraine is too small. Coworking, first of all, provides assistance in the form of premises and technical support, in order to increase its efficiency and economic activity. The article proposes a methodology for calculating self-employed population in Ukraine that will allow representatives of free trades to be attracted to official business activities.

The Impact of Management Practices on SME Performance

We examine the impact of management practices on firm performance among SMEs in Britain over the period 2011-2014, using a unique dataset which links survey data on management practices with firm performance data from the UK's official business register. We find that SMEs are less likely to use formal management practices than larger firms, but that such practices have demonstrable benefits for those who use them, helping firms to grow and increasing their productivity. The returns are most apparent for those SMEs that invest in human resource management practices, such as training and performance-related pay, and those that set formal performance targets.

Taming cronyism!: the role of Public Private Dialogues

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of Public Private Dialogues (PPD) on cronyism accounting for various cultural and governance institutions.Design/methodology/approachIt proposes a number of hypotheses on: whether PPD characterized by high official representation and business representation, through mainly building trust, succeed in minimizing cronyism; whether certain cultural and governance institutions help PPD in achieving this; and in cultural settings which are originally inducing cronyism whether PPD help in minimizing cronyism. These are tested empirically using an ordinary least squares multivariate panel regression.FindingsHigh official representation and high business people’s participation in PPD were found to help in minimizing cronyism in different cultures. This is arguably attributed to building trust in cultures characterized by having low general trust and low trust in governments. Accountability and transparency are significantly assisting PPD in this regard. Yet, PPD do not always succeed in taming cronyism, and in particular in ethnic fractionalized societies and societies having high collective cultures.Research limitations/implicationsThe biggest challenge this research faced was estimating a proxy for PPD. Better data on business associations’ participation worldwide are needed to construct a more developed proxy.Practical implicationsPPD with high business participation and government representation should be encouraged. The same is true for reform leading to higher levels of transparency and accountability.Originality/valueConstructing a proxy for PPD that allowed meta-analysis; and investigating theoretically and empirically the effect of the interaction of PPD with various institutions on cronyism.

Ratio analysis of the enterprises duration in Łódzkie voivodship

This article aims to present the results of enterprise duration ratio analysis in Łódzkie voivodship in 2001—2015 conducted on the basis of data from the National Official Business Register REGON. Particularly, it characterizes enterprises in total, active, created and liquidated. It contains the results of average duration time as well as intensity indicators of enterprises — birth and death rate as well as fluctuations and net rate of business population. The obtained results indicated the occurrence of creative destruction of enterprises in 11 powiats of Łódzkie voivodship (excluding Łódź, Piotrków Trybunalski and Skierniewice). In these cities, although not simultaneously, an agglomeration effect of enterprises occurred in the years 2002—2010 and 2012.

Govern by blockchain dubai wants one platform to rule them all, while Illinois will try anything

Governments everywhere would like to cut red tape, reduce bureaucracy, and speed the delivery of services. But constituents are still often frustrated by mounds of paperwork and the snail-like pace of official business. Could a blockchain help? Just as blockchains have shaken up the financial industry and changed our perception of money, some government agencies now believe the technology could rejuvenate the public sector. Proponents argue that its immutability will protect records from fraudsters, its transparency will keep employees accountable, and its ability to automatically process new entries can make agencies more efficient. Such promises have persuaded city, state, and federal governments to launch the first batch of public-sector blockchain experiments. Two of the most enthusiastic early adopters have been the U.S. state of Illinois and the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. And intriguingly enough, the two have adopted very different strategies for mixing blockchains into government.

日商簿記検定「初級」創設に関する一考察：初学者に対する簿記会計教育の視点から

日商簿記検定「初級」創設に関する一考察：初学者に対する簿記会計教育の視点から

Лінгвокультурологічні аспекти перекладу фразеологічних одиниць у контексті міжнародної бізнес-комунікації

The purpose of the article. The research is based on comparison, generalization and systematization of scientific information on the linguistic phenomenon of phraseological units. In the article we clarify the essence and peculiarities of definitions usage in the aspect of the competent approach of the business English language translation. The work specifies the definition of phraseological units, systematizes the frequency of their use in the field of English business communication translation. Here are considered basic methods of phraseological units translation of business English language. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of business communication as a new interpersonal communication, the specifics, structure and functions of which are caused by business relations between different countries of the world. New phraseologisms, which operate in business texts, are semantic markers of actual events and phenomena of economic, political and cultural life of modern society. Scientific novelty of the work consists in providing a comprehensive functional characteristic of language innovations and aspects of their interpretation in the field of business communication that arise in the process of business sphere evolution and the impact of business on socio-political reality. Conclusions. It is proved that there is a need to preserve the formal component of the official business text while translating and complying with translation strategies for the translation of phraseological expressions. It should be emphasized that when translating such a layer of vocabulary as phraseological expressions it is necessary to use special dictionaries to avoid intercultural misunderstandings.

Catskins & the Boy-King

Catskins & the Boy-King Lucas Church It was passed down in stories that the old king died not knowing his son was his daughter. On his last day, he searched for and found the bend in the road, not too far from his house, where he would wait. To be a very old king is a delicate walk into annihilation. He'd read of Norse rulers, nearing their ends, left on ice floes to meet Odin at Valhalla. He could arrange his own meeting. It would his last gift, one of convenience. He had never liked his suit, pale-fish gray and frayed with age, but he wore it as this was official business. He had found himself slipping. Losing dates, names, and memories to vapor, and he felt called up to join the air above. His was a marriage of two houses, made to solidify warring families in the holler, but, to his surprise, he and his queen had fallen into what he thought love probably was. They would slip in and out of it over the years, as he figured everyone must, and they'd settled into a routine he would have called comfortable if asked. It was tight, this part of the road, and if he sat just so, the trees would obscure him from the driver of the car. He'd timed it so his queen would be on her way home from town with dinner—bucket of fried chicken, all the sides. Biscuits, too. But with all conveniences, one must allow for a higher price. Maybe Roxy's wasn't a gift to him, he thought; perhaps his wife had hand-delivered a gift to herself, a lifeline free of his interference, and then, before he could follow that thought to its end, he saw a pair of headlights in the low-lying dusk. Across the county from the dying king, Catskins slept on an old mattress in the back bedroom, nestled between dogs when it rained, when the dogs were living. She stayed with an old woman and her daughter. She waited on them, cooked, cleaned, took their video rentals back. Bonnie, the old woman, had honed over the course of her life a peculiar flavor of cruelty, one specific to a woman who ended up raising two girls when she hardly wanted one. Bonnie's daughter, Bea, faced the world determined to be, if not the opposite of her mother, a daughter who would willingly fade into the background. Since she was little, everyone called her Catskins on account of the ragged outfit she wore, patched with the hide of the animal easiest caught in the valley. To catch a coon, you'd need bait. You could count on cat to come asking for food. A dozen furry tails hung from her dress, shaking limply when she moved. She had only disjointed memories of her mother who had abandoned her—dark roots and frosted tips, a tattoo of a cross on her wrist—and none of her father, name unknown. At night, she often thought of how life might have been with her mother and, as she went to sleep, let the dark mountains [End Page 83] that circled her become a part of her, until all that was left inside when she woke each morning, heart still pumping, was dirt. The old queen, the clever Roxy, knew that the only child of a king had to be a boy, and she also knew, deep inside, that only girls would ever flow from her. She flipped through a magazine at her kitchen table. By now everyone knew the old king was dead. Funeral casseroles and pies would soon line the kitchen countertop; the house heaved with grief. She took a sip of Diet Coke, wishing the doctor hadn't made her quit smoking. She'd named her little girl Jack, after her granddaddy, keeping her daughter distant from her father. The old man couldn't, she thought, be trusted to know that a woman was saving his kingdom. Roxy threw the magazine in the trash. She knew she had one last pack of Pall Malls hidden somewhere. Everything came back to their secret...

Investigating dynamic capabilities of family businesses in China: a social capital perspective

PurposeDynamic capabilities are regarded as the bedrock of businesses that survive in a dynamic environment. Building upon the social capital theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the nexus between dynamic capabilities and social capital in family businesses.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a quantitative approach. As there is no formal business database available in China, the study followed a snowball sampling procedure. In total, 628 useful responses were gathered.FindingsThe study echoes the call of Arregleet al.(2007) for understanding family business’s internal sources of competitiveness and the role of social capital. Results show that the three dimensions of social capital, namely, structural, cognitive, and relational capital, influence dynamic capabilities of family businesses.Research limitations/implicationsThe lack of an official business database in China made the conventional representative sample survey used in the West difficult to replicate. Furthermore, empirical data were collected from different regions of China; regional cultures and different levels of economic development across the regions might influence the social capital-dynamic capabilities connection, but these were not examined in the current study.Originality/valueThe study integrates two significant but disconnected research streams, i.e. social capital and dynamic capabilities. Furthermore, the study shows how different dimensions of social capital influence dynamic capabilities. Research findings derived may contribute to the entrepreneurial debate as to why some family businesses can survive in the dynamic environment while others cannot.

Spanish Real Estate Bubble: A Classroom Experiment

<p>The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) requires development of teaching methodologies that encourage active participation by students in the autonomous learning process, taking the figure of the professor as the mediator. On the other hand, the economy is a fundamental aspect in today’s society insofar that it contributes to explaining the behaviour of individuals. In this sense, the experimental economy applied in lecture rooms is presented as an innovative educational procedure that is perfectly adapted to university teaching, since it facilitates acquisition and consolidation of curricular knowledge and favours the development of capabilities by students, whilst at the same time improving the quality of teaching and has a positive impact on the interest students have in the subject. This paper describes the application of an economic experiment as an active learning method to prove the mechanisms used to set prices. The experience took place at the ESIC Business and Marketing School Valencia university centre, within the subject of “Spanish Economy” in Official Business Management and Administration degrees and in Marketing and Sales Management degrees. The starting point for this experience was the work by Radim Boháček (2002), adding changes aimed at empirically explaining inflation, the real estate bubble and subsequent economic crisis in Spain. The obtained results prove that this educational experience favours learning of the economic concepts students study, and stimulates proactive interest in the subject. From the obtained results a second experiment is proposed in order to consolidate concepts concerning price setting mechanisms in the presence of intervention by the Public Sector (taxes and subsidies) or establishing incentives that model collusive behaviour leading to situations where market offers are concentrated in oligopolies.</p>

Официальность как организующее начало документной коммуникации

Официальность как организующее начало документной коммуникации

Functioning of Single-Composition and Incomplete Sentences in Epistolary Text

The article analyzes the features of the epistolary style. The research focuses upon the usage of composite simple and incomplete sentences as well as upon the systematization of their structural and stylistic features. The work casts light upon the stylistic interpretation of composite sentences. The emphasis is made on the definit-personal, indefinite-personal, impersonal and nominative sentences, which are used in letters of B.Lepkyi. Particular attention is paid to nominative sentences, which bring to epistolary text great emotional stress. As they are usually used to express mental states of human emotion, and are used to fix the impressions from the described pictures, and from sudden cursory perceptions, as well as reactions to certain events and developments. In the article there have been investigated the infinitive sentence of journalistic, official business and other non biletristic styles that emphasize modal shades such as resolute statement, appeal, forcing, categorical statements, inevitability, etc. Epistolary speech as well as conversational, academic and other is heterogeneous by its meaning and by grammatical structure: as it is organized according to individual komunikatyve-stylistic features. The epistolary topics depends on the reasons that motivate a particular conception, depend of time, circumstances, spheres of usage and interest. The epistolary heritage of Ukrainian masters of fiction is valuable because the texts of their letters preserrve the linguistic lines of communicative and socio-cultural situations that is to say simultaneously both the communicant-informant the living carr- ier of language and the master of language are presented. The purpose of this article is achieved in the process of description of the features of the epistolary speech in the letters of Bohdan Lepky.

Analyzing Process Acceptance with IT-Enabled Experimental Research

The positive results that are frequently associated with business process management, can only be achieved through triggering of the process by its users and the correct execution by the process operators. Unfortunately, business scandals in various domains have shown that companies, or rather the process operating subjects, sometimes do not execute their processes according to given standards or do not use existing processes at all. This failure in process execution can lead not only to suboptimal performance but also to life threatening disasters. By circumvention of official channels, individuals within the company create shadow organizations. Thus, unofficial processes and shadow IT systems emerge, which run alongside the official organization. This in turn has several disadvantages, among others increased complexity and lack of transparency, compliance risks and higher costs.It is, therefore, of crucial importance to understand, why people accept or dismiss official business processes. Basically, this question calls for an explorative empirical research approach. A possible way of investigation is field studies in business organizations. However, such a form of study is expensive, time-consuming and it is difficult to attract a sizeable number of qualified participants. Moreover, there are known methodical problems with empirical research that relies on questioning people about their own sphere of responsibility. In this paper, we suggest to proceed in a different way to determinewhether a process fits the end users. Our methodology is based on setting up process acceptance experiments in a crowdsourcing environment that allow for a more objective investigation at reduced time and cost, as compared to classical field studies. Refs 27. Figs 6. Tables 3.

Response Burden in Official Business Surveys: Measurement and Reduction Practices of National Statistical Institutes

Abstract Response burden in business surveys has long been a concern for National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) for three types of reasons: political reasons, because response burden is part of the total administrative burden governments impose on businesses; methodological reasons, because an excessive response burden may reduce data quality and increase data-collection costs; and strategic reasons, because it affects relations between the NSIs and the business community. This article investigates NSI practices concerning business response burden measurement and reduction actions based on a survey of 41 NSIs from 39 countries. Most NSIs monitor at least some burden aspects and have implemented some actions to reduce burden, but large differences exist between NSIs’ methodologies for burden measurement and actions taken to reduce burden. Future research should find ways to deal with methodological differences in burden conceptualization, operationalization, and measurement, and provide insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of burden-reduction actions.

선인들의 산수유람에 나타난 사찰과 승려의 역할

The temple of Joseon Dynasty is a cultural heritage, an object of sightseeing, a space for tourists room and board, an accommodation for public officials travelling on official business. The temple played the part of an entertainment spot and the pleasure visitors carved their names on the structure of the temple as a token of remembrance. Moreover, the pleasure visitors appreciated surrounding landscape of a famous mountain during their stay at a temple and the poor reality of a temple made the administrators realize their responsibilities. The monk of Joseon Dynasty treated the sightseers at a temple and acted as a tour guide for them. The monk carried a palanquin(sedan chair) for tourists in a mountain and played a role of an entertainment assistant to provoke merriment for tourists. The monk carved the name of tourists on rock and sometimes told their fortune and became a cultural heritage commentator for them. Also, the monk confirmed an image of meditation, abstinence, and purification and had a coordinative relationship of exchanging poetry or debate with tourism gentry at the times.