Obese People Research Articles

Associations of adipokines with coronary heart disease in young and middle-aged people

The purpose of this review was to find an answer to the question: “Is there an association of adipokines (adiponectin, adipsin, interleukin-6, lipocalin-2, PAI-1, resistin, MCP-1, leptin, TNF-α, visfatin, omentin-1) with coronary artery disease and abdominal obesity in people under 65 years of age?”. Articles investigating patients aged 18 to 65 years with coronary heart disease were included. The analysis included only publications of the last 10 years (2013–2023). As a result of the analyzed literature, most of the publications of the last 10 years are devoted to studies conducted on persons over 65 years of age. At the same time, the available large studies and meta-analyses indicate a large contribution of adipocytokines to the development and course of coronary heart disease. Based on this, it is very relevant to study the adipocytokine profile in young and middle-aged people with coronary heart disease, especially against the background of AO.

Значение функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии в разработке терапевтических подходов при ожирении в детской практике

There are over 1.9 billion with overweight and over 650 million obese people Worldwide (according to the latest WHO data). And every eighth school-age boy and every twentieth girl were reported obese in Russia (according to the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being 2021 data). The steady increase in obesity leads to the numerous consequences affecting children and their parents, including mental, physical and social health problems, which in its turn also affect the economic component of healthcare system and therefore require searching for the new preventive and therapeutic measurements. A number of studies have shown that multiple brain regions are recruited during food cueing tasks. Modern neuroimaging methods can significantly change the existing paradigms for the prevention and treatment of obesity. This bibliographical review is devoted to one of the modern neuroimaging methods, functional magnetic resonance imaging [PubMed 2008 to 2022] in children with overweight and obesity.

Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 (A/T) polymorphism and food preference in obese people with low-calorie intake and non-obese individuals with high-calorie intake

The purpose of this study was to assess the connection between FTO rs9939609 (A/T) polymorphism and food preference. The study included 77 participants, 36 of whom were obese and had a low-calorie intake, and 41 non-obese participants with a high-calorie intake. Using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the researchers calculated sweet and fatty food propensity scores. Genomic DNA was extracted from a peripheral blood sample from all participants, and FTO rs9939609 (A/T) polymorphism was assessed using standard methods. The study found no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sweet food preference (15.64 ± 10.53 in obese groups vs. 14.72 ± 7.95 in the non-obese group, p = 0.711) and fatty food preference (16.81 ± 8.84 vs. 17.27 ± 8.75; p = 0.833). Additionally, the study did not find any significant correlation between FTO rs9939609 (A/T) polymorphism and sweet and fatty food preferences in the fully adjusted models (p > 0.05). Therefore, the results of this study do not support the hypothesis of different food preferences.

THE EXPRESSION OF SFRP5 ON ADIPOSE TISSUES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH METABOLIC DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objectives: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the expression of Secreted Frizzled-related Protein 5 (Sfrp5) in adipose tissues and its association with metabolic disorders. Subjects and Methods: A systematic review was conducted. PRISMA guidelines and PICOT standards were used in this study. We searched the data using two search databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect). Results: Based on two databases, we identified 1853 potentially relevant articles. 10 documents that met all selection criteria were selected. Most articles showed that the expression of Sfrp5 increased in adipose tissues of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks (n=1), at 16 weeks of mouse age (n=1), and in obese people (n=1). In addition, Sfrp5 was reported to have the higher expression in the DBA/2J strain (n=1), in the epididymal adipose tissue (n=1), in NASH patients (n=1), and in the presence of PPARγ (n=1). In contrast, some studies have shown that the expression of Sfrp5 has decreased significantly in the adipose tissue when B6 mice when ingested HFD for 12 weeks (n=1), at 16-31 weeks of mouse age (n=1), and in leptin-deficient mice when eating an HFD until 21-day-year old (n=1). However, a study had shown that the expression of Sfrp5 decreased when fat accumulation reached a stable level. This study seems to open up an explanation for the inconsistent evidence. These results have highlighted that Sfrp5 expression strongly correlates with obesity; thus, potential application directions have been shown in treating and preventing obesity (n=4). At the same time, the application potential of sfrp5 in cardiovascular diseases and fatty liver has also been proposed. Conclusion: Sfrp5 is a newly discovered protein in terms of function, so the evidence for Sfrp5 expression on adipose tissue has many gaps to exploit. Further studies, especially nutritional interventions, need to be carried out to elucidate its potential application to metabolic disorders.

Overweight and obesity in people with persistent complaints after COVID-19: The association and predictive value of bmi with participation, fatigue and psychological well-being

Overweight and obesity in people with persistent complaints after COVID-19: The association and predictive value of bmi with participation, fatigue and psychological well-being

The impact of microalbuminuria and insulin resistance as prognostic biomarker for nephropathy in obese persons: a systematic review

Background: The progression of weight gain over the normal level is accompanied by an increase in renovascular damage markers, such as microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria could be an indication of vascular disturbances caused by obesity. The global pandemic of renal disease has something to do with the link between obesity and type-2 diabetes. Furthermore, microalbuminuria can also be a possible factor for developing insulin resistance syndrome and high blood pressure. The goal of this research is to analyze the impact that insulin resistance, as well as microalbuminuria, play in predicting the severity of nephropathy among obese individuals and also look into these markers in identifying patients with this condition. Methods: The selected studies (updated to November 2022) were evaluated using the Electronic PubMed database. Based on our selection criteria only those that included high-quality investigations on the relevance of insulin resistance and microalbuminuria as markers of nephropathy in obese people were included. We evaluated this link using odds ratios with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Overall, 15 studies, including over 10,000 obese individuals, were evaluated for this study. The summative results revealed that microalbuminuria and insulin may be strong indicators for the advancement of nephropathy in individuals with diabetes mellitus and obese individuals. In support of this, more studies need to be carried out on obese individuals with nephropathy in the absence of diabetes to confirm the relevance of these biomarkers as a prevention measure. Conclusions: Understanding the importance of the impact microalbuminuria and resistance to insulin play as biomarkers in the health of obese individuals may be very important to prevent nephropathy progression and premature death in both diagnosed and undiagnosed situations. A limitation of this review is that it didn't focus on other anomalies related to obesity such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes.

Reviewing the role of green open spaces’ feature in promoting physical activity

The obesity rate in Indonesia has grown throughout the years and is close to the global obesity proportion. Indonesians are physically inactive and has a high proportion of overweight and obese people. It implies that sedentary behavior has long-term consequences, both for individuals and cities. Sedentary behavior is caused by several factors, including a lack of space and facilities that encourage physical activity. As public facilities accessible to various groups of users, green open spaces have the potential to promote a healthy lifestyle by encouraging physical activity. In the context of improving public health, an excellent green open space feature should provide space that is accessible to all groups and communities. This study examines how green open spaces’ feature in the Jabodetabek area encourages physical activity among its users and the possibility of impacts derived from community formation in green open spaces. Through methods of literature study, questionnaire survey, and analysis, it is found that green open spaces stimulate its users to walk more through the provision of adequate jogging tracks with annual shady trees. This finding can be used to create guidelines for the design features of green open spaces that promote a healthy lifestyle for the community and help decrease the obesity rate in Indonesia.

Use of Vegetables in the Manufacture of Burgers Compared with Beef Burgers and the Study of Chemical Properties

The study aimed and reached the manufacture of natural bovine burgers that contain a good proportion of protein, fat and ash, while it was noted that the vegetable burgers (eggplant and zucchini) gave a product low in fat and protein as well as in carbohydrates, which is beneficial to the nutrition of obese people as well as a high level of protein in the blood. Meat and its products are distinguished from the food that the consumer wants to eat because of its unique taste and its richness in nutrients that provide the best quality in terms of protein, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and a number of minerals and vitamins, especially the vitamin B group. is considered harmful to health, and that its consumption is linked to many diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and other types of cancer.

Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on Some Biochemical Parameters in Obese People

This study examined the effects of a few biochemical variables on obese Iraqi males and females with a 30.5 body mass index (BMI) when they were fed a ketogenic diet. The present study demonstrates how an individual who follows a ketogenic diet has an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol). This research's objective was to assess the levels of some biochemical variables in obese people who were eating a ketogenic diet. Following 35 days on a ketogenic diet, the results show a significantly higher P ≤ 0.05 level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC). Additionally, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), cortisol, HOMA-IR, urea, BMI, and creatinine all show a considerable reduction, P ≤ 0.05.

Natural Functional Beverages as an Approach to Manage Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, commonly associated with unhealthy habits and obesity, and it is becoming a serious health issue worldwide. As a result, new approaches to treat diabetes are required, and a movement towards more natural approaches is emerging. Consuming fruit and vegetables is advised to prevent diabetes since they contain several bioactive compounds. A simple and effective strategy to include them in the diets of diabetic and obese people is through beverages. This review aims to report the anti-diabetic potentials of different vegetable and fruit beverages. These functional beverages demonstrated in vitro potential to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and to improve glucose uptake. In vivo, beverage consumption showed a reduction of blood glucose, increase of insulin tolerance, improvement of lipid profile, control of obesity, and reduction of oxidative stress. This suggests the potential of vegetable- and fruit-based functional beverages to be used as a natural innovative therapy for the management of diabetes.

Diet Change Improves Obesity and Lipid Deposition in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice

The number of obese people is increasing dramatically worldwide, and one of the major causes of obesity is excess energy due to high-fat diets. Several studies have shown that reducing food and energy intake represents a key intervention or treatment to combat overweight/obesity. Here, we conducted a 12-week energy-restricted dietary intervention for high-fat diet-induced obese mice (C57BL/6J) to investigate the effectiveness of diet change in improving obesity. The results revealed that the diet change from HFD to NFD significantly reduced weight gain and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, providing scientific evidence for the effectiveness of diet change in improving body weight and fat deposition in obese individuals. Regarding the potential explanations for these observations, weight reduction may be attributed to the excessive enlargement of adipocytes in the white adipose tissue of obese mice that were inhibited. Diet change significantly promoted lipolysis in the adipose tissue (eWAT: Adrb3, Plin1, HSL, and CPTA1a; ingWAT: CPT1a) and liver (reduced content of nonesterified fatty acids), and reduced lipogenesis in ingWAT (Dgat2). Moreover, the proportion of proliferative stem cells in vWAT and sWAT changed dramatically with diet change. Overall, our study reveals the phenotypic, structural, and metabolic diversity of multiple tissues (vWAT and sWAT) in response to diet change and identifies a role for adipocyte stem cells in the tissue specificity of diet change.

The Potential Effect of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax on Obesity Prevalence in Tanzania.

Obesity and the associated non-communicable diseases contribute significantly to the disease burden in Tanzania. Obesity can be attributed to the consumption of Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) due to their high sugar content that leads to high caloric intakes. This study estimates the effect of SSB tax on the prevalence of obesity. A mathematical model that compares the reference population which is unchanged and a counterfactual population in which tax intervention has been introduced is developed. Changes in price and consumption of SSBs, and subsequent changes in energy intake are applied to estimate the body mass change by age groups. The change in body mass by age groups is merged with the reference population to estimate changes in body mass index and obesity. Imposing a 20% SSB tax in Tanzania is estimated to reduce the average overall energy intake by 76.1 kJ per person per day. This change is associated with an overall reduction of prevalence of obesity by 6.6%; and by 12.9% and 5.2% in adult males and adult females, respectively. The number of obese people will potentially decrease by about 47,000 among adult males and about 85,000 among adult females from the current levels. The SSB tax is a potential strategy to complement efforts to reduce obesity prevalence in Tanzania. The revenue generated from the tax should be channelled towards public health promotion programs.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists: a ray of hope for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome

Dear editor, The Glucagon-like-peptide receptor- 1, agonists belong to a class of drugs that have been used to treat type 2 diabetes. Liraglutide and Semaglutide are drugs of this class, commonly sold under the brand names Saxenda and Wegovy respectively. These drugs have also been approved by the FDA for weight loss in diabetic and non-diabetic obese people.1 The mechanism of action of GLP-1 agonists involve stimulating insulin secretion and delaying gastric emptying. Moreover, GLP-1 receptors are found on adipose tissue, where they promote the conversion of stored fat into energy. They also target the appetite center in the hypothalamus which increases satiety and reduces food intake to cause weight loss. A large number of females who struggle with obesity, concomitantly suffer from Polycystic Ovarian syndrome (PCOS) also which is a multifactorial endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting 4-20% women around the world.2 One of the major manifestations of this syndrome is weight gain and difficulty in losing it. In contemporary medicine, the treatment of PCOS is limited to lifestyle intervention and symptomatic management. Thus, the patients of PCOS are often told by their doctors to simply lose weight. Physicians around the world agree that weight loss is crucial for women with PCOS who are obese to attain better metabolic, reproductive, and cardiovascular outcomes, because if not treated, obesity worsens the presentation of PCOS. But it is noteworthy that the ongoing hormonal imbalances, increased appetite and insulin resistance in this syndrome, all work against the body’s natural mechanism to lose weight and make it extremely difficult for the patient. This creates a dire need for external interventions regarding weight management in PCOS. Where conventional methods like dietary modifications and exercise alone do not provide substantial results, GLP-1 agonists can be a breakthrough for the management of PCOS since recent research and clinical data also provides evidence of correlation between obesity, GLP-1 kinetic alterations, and pathophysiology of PCOS.3 Hence the use of GLP-1 agonists can be a viable option for treatment of PCOS as multiple clinical trials have shown significant weight reduction, decrease in testosterone levels, improvement in insulin sensitivity and menstrual cycles.4 As the prevalence of PCOS continues to rise in Pakistan, the major presenting complaints include; weight gain, facial hair, acne and menstrual irregularities in teenage girls and infertility in married females. ---Continue

Body mass, neuro-hormonal stress processing, and disease activity in lean to obese people with multiple sclerosis.

Overweight and obesity can worsen disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Although psychobiological stress processing is increasingly recognized as important obesity factor that is tightly connected to proinflammatory metabolic hormones and cytokines, its role for MS obesity remains unexplored. Consequently, we investigated the interplay between body mass index (BMI), neural stress processing (functional connectivity, FC), and immuno-hormonal stress parameters (salivary cortisol and T cell glucocorticoid [GC] sensitivity) in 57 people with MS (six obese, 19 over-, 28 normal-, and four underweight; 37 females, 46.4 ± 10.6years) using an Arterial-Spin-Labeling MRI task comprising a rest and stress stage, along with quantitative PCR. Our findings revealed significant positive connections between BMI and MS disease activity (i.e., higher BMI was accompanied by higher relapse rate). BMI was positively linked to right supramarginal gyrus and anterior insula FC during rest and negatively to right superior parietal lobule and cerebellum FC during stress. BMI showed associations with GC functioning, with higher BMI associated with lower CD8+ FKBP4 expression and higher CD8+ FKBP5 expression on T cells. Finally, the expression of CD8+ FKBP4 positively correlated with the FC of right supramarginal gyrus and left superior parietal lobule during rest. Overall, our study provides evidence that body mass is tied to neuro-hormonal stress processing in people with MS. The observed pattern of associations between BMI, neural networks, and GC functioning suggests partial overlap between neuro-hormonal and neural-body mass networks. Ultimately, the study underscores the clinical importance of understanding multi-system crosstalk in MS obesity.

Research on the Marketing Strategy of Plus-size Women's Clothing -Based on 5C Theory

According to data, there are more than 90 million obese people and 200 million overweight people in China, many of whom are women. Therefore, the plus-size women's clothing market is increasingly demanded by the market. This article is based on the 5C theory to study the current marketing strategies of plus-size women's clothing in China and what marketing strategies should be adopted by Chinese plus-size women's clothing brands in the changing market environment. Through literature reading and analysis, it can be concluded that based on the 5C theory, the current marketing strategy of plus-size women's clothing brands is: In order to cope with the changing market environment, Chinese brands need to respond flexibly, continuously innovate and optimize marketing strategies, and keep pace with the times. Advance, maintain competitiveness, and integrate Chinese traditional culture and clothing to move towards the international stage.

Prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity and related factors among Iranian older people: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program.

Osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome (OSO) is a condition that involves osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. It leads to a reduction in the quality of life of the elderly and an increase in hospitalization which has attracted the attention of physicians. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenic obesity in people over 60years of age in Bushehr. We used data from the Bushehr study, which included 2426 participants aged ≥ 60years. We assessed osteoporosis/osteopenia based on T-score; sarcopenia based on hand grip strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and walking speed; and obesity based on fat mass and BMI for diagnosing OSO. We first examined the factors related to OSO in the univariable analysis and then fitted the multiple logistic regression model, separately for women and men. The result was summarized as adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. In total, 2339 elderly were examined in our study, of which 464 elderly were suffering from osteosarcopenic obesity. The standardized prevalence of OSO was 23.66% (95% CI: 21.15-26.16) in women and 18.53% (95% CI 16.35-20.87) in men. Age was positively linked to osteosarcopenic obesity in both genders and so was diabetes in men. However, education, physical activity, and protein intake were negatively linked to osteosarcopenic obesity in both genders, as well as hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension in women. The prevalence of OSO among men and women of Bushehr city is high and is related to increasing age, low levels of education, physical activity, and protein intake among women and men.

Exploring the impact of body mass change on fatigue and activity of the muscular system during daily routine.

Correct body weight is one of the factors that allows you to maintain a properly functioning body. Abnormal body weight can cause muscle tissue remodelling, affecting activity and muscle fatigue. Changes in the muscular system can cause occurrence of functional limitations. To determine the effect of weight change on fatigue and activity of the muscular system during daily activities. The evaluation of musculoskeletal functioning was based on the results of computer simulations conducted in the AnyBody Modeling System. The following activities were analysed: standing, sitting down and getting up from a chair, holding and lifting an object, and walking. The simulations of the activities were carried out using averaged kinematic data, and by changing body mass in the range of 50 kg to 100 kg by increments of 2 kg, to map different nutritional status from excessive thinness to extreme obesity. Identification of loads in the musculoskeletal system was based on solving an inverse dynamics problem and then the estimation of muscle force values using static optimization. The simulation results allowed to determine the value of muscle fatigue and the level of muscle activity. For activities (i.e., standing, walking, sitting down and getting up from a chair) it was observed that the value of muscle fatigue increases with increasing body mass. However, for activities that cause more load on the musculoskeletal system, i.e. lifting and holding an object, the highest value of muscle fatigue was observed in underweight individuals. The change in body weight alters the functioning of the muscular system and thus the ability to perform activities. It was shown that in case of underweight, overweight or obese people, abnormal body weight can be the reason for occurrence of difficulties in performing the activities of lifting and holding a 20 kg object, as well as walking.

Anti-Obesity Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Progress and Challenges.

Obesity has reached an epidemic proportion in the last thirty years, and it is recognized as a major health issue in modern society now with the possibility of serious social and economic consequences. By the year 2030, nearly 60% of the global population may be obese or overweight, which emphasizes a need for novel obesity treatments. Various traditional approaches, such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, have been utilized in clinical settings to treat obesity. However, these methods frequently show the possibility of side effects while remaining ineffective. There is, therefore, an urgent need for alternative obesity treatments with improved efficacy and specificity. Polymeric materials and chemical strategies are employed in emerging drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enhance therapy effectiveness and specificity by stabilizing and controlling the release of active molecules such as natural ingredients. Designing DDSs is currently a top priority research objective with an eye towards creating obesity treatment approaches. In reality, the most recent trends in the literature demonstrate that there are not enough in-depth reviews that emphasize the current knowledge based on the creation and design of DDSs for obesity treatment. It is also observed in the existing literature that a complex interplay of different physical and chemical parameters must be considered carefully to determine the effectiveness of the DDSs, including microneedles, for obesity treatment. Additionally, it is observed that these properties depend on how the DDS is synthesized. Although many studies are at the animal-study stage, the use of more advanced DDS techniques would significantly enhance the development of safe and efficient treatment approaches for obese people in the future. Considering these, this review provides an overview of the current anti-obesity treatment approaches as well as the conventional anti-obesity therapeutics. The article aims to conduct an in-depth discussion on the current trends in obesity treatment approaches. Filling in this knowledge gap will lead to a greater understanding of the safest ways to manage obesity.

Role of Q-heterochromatin and thermal conductivity of the human body in the development of obesity

Introduction and Aim: Obesity, commonly known as a complex multifactorial disease, has emerged as a significant medical and societal issue in recent decades. The objective of this study is to assess if there is a significant impact of Q-heterochromatin (Q-HR) and thermal conductivity (k) in the body on the risk of obesity. Methods: This prospective analytical cohort study included 300 individuals from both genders aged 35.24 4.21 years who do not have oncological, hormonal, or other forms of diseases that predispose to morbid obesity. Results: In obese individuals, the temperature distribution in the peripheral and central parts of the body has a high level of variability relative to the control. In the main group, Q HR has a clear gradient from 0 to 2, and the average numerical parameter is 1.21 0.11, which is more than twice as low as in the control group (2.94 0.14). In obese individuals, the chromatin concentration decreased with increasing temperature gradient (X2 = -16.8; p0.001). Conclusion: The level of Q-HR is considerably lower in obese people compared to the control group. When compared to the control, obese people had a higher k between the central and peripheral sections. The level of Q-HR and k were shown to be inversely correlated.

Association between Obesity and Periodontitis in US Adults: NHANES 2011–2014

Introduction: It is controversial whether obesity and periodontitis are related. A representative US population was examined for the relationship between obesity and periodontitis. Methods: In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014, participants (n = 6,662) aged 30 years or older and who underwent periodontal examinations were chosen for analysis. An assessment of obesity was based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Estimates of obesity and periodontal disease were made using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: According to an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for periodontitis, BMI (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01∼1.02) and WC (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1∼1.01) were significantly associated with periodontitis, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the OR for patients with high WC with periodontitis was 1.18 (1.04∼1.33) compared to normal WC. BMI and WC subgroups showed no significant interaction (p for interaction >0.05), except for the age interaction in BMI. Among young adults aged 30–44 years, obesity was significantly associated with periodontitis in subgroups; the adjusted OR for having periodontal disease was 1.02 (1∼1.03) and 1.01 (1∼1.02) for subjects with BMI and WC, respectively. When all covariates were adjusted, BMI ≥30 kg/m² was statistically significantly associated with prevalence of periodontal disease among people aged 30–44 years (p < 0.001). Conclusions: BMI and WC are significantly associated with periodontitis, even after adjusting for many variables, and were equally significant in obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) young people (30–44 years).