Prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity and related factors among Iranian older people: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program.

Abstract

Osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome (OSO) is a condition that involves osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. It leads to a reduction in the quality of life of the elderly and an increase in hospitalization which has attracted the attention of physicians. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenic obesity in people over 60years of age in Bushehr. We used data from the Bushehr study, which included 2426 participants aged ≥ 60years. We assessed osteoporosis/osteopenia based on T-score; sarcopenia based on hand grip strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and walking speed; and obesity based on fat mass and BMI for diagnosing OSO. We first examined the factors related to OSO in the univariable analysis and then fitted the multiple logistic regression model, separately for women and men. The result was summarized as adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. In total, 2339 elderly were examined in our study, of which 464 elderly were suffering from osteosarcopenic obesity. The standardized prevalence of OSO was 23.66% (95% CI: 21.15-26.16) in women and 18.53% (95% CI 16.35-20.87) in men. Age was positively linked to osteosarcopenic obesity in both genders and so was diabetes in men. However, education, physical activity, and protein intake were negatively linked to osteosarcopenic obesity in both genders, as well as hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension in women. The prevalence of OSO among men and women of Bushehr city is high and is related to increasing age, low levels of education, physical activity, and protein intake among women and men.