Oat Varieties Research Articles

Оценка коллекции овса по основным биохимическим показателям качества в условиях Тюменской области

Abstract. Oats are an important source of valuable nutrients, especially protein and fat, with a balanced amino acid composition. This study presents long-term data on the study of the quality of grain of filmy oats in the Tyumen region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biochemical potential of various collectible varieties of filmy oats for involvement in the breeding process in the conditions of the Tyumen region. Materials and methods of the research. In 2019–2021, 167 varieties of filmy oats of various ecological and geographical origin were sown on the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals Research Institute, Tyumen Region (Russia), using generally accepted methods. Results. The most favorable conditions for the formation of protein in oat grain were 2019 (correlation coefficient r = –0.59) and 2020 (r = –0.34). The correlation of yield with fat content and starch content was not significant. The protein content in oat grain over the years of study was: in 2019 7.87–13.58 %, in 2020 – 8.74–13.33 %, in 2021 – 7.25–14.05 %. According to the protein content in the grain, the following varieties were distinguished: k-15321 (Leningrad region); k-15262 (USA). Fat content in oat grain in 2019 – 4.35 %, in 2020 – 4,00 %, in 2021 – 3,62 %. The most interesting varieties are k-15311 (Leningrad region); k-15353 (Norway); k-15256 (USA); k-15254 (Canada). The starch content in oat grain was in 2019 – 57.63 %, in 2020 – 58.40 %, in 2021 – 51.04 %. Varieties were distinguished: k-15330, k-15331, k-15329 (Ulyanovsk region); k-14863 (Estonia); k-15378 (Germany); k-15307 (USA); k-14953 (Australia). The most interesting are oat varieties that combine a complex of biochemical characteristics: k-15278 (Moscow region); k-15311 (Leningrad region); k-15330, k-15329 (Ulyanovsk region); k-15378 (Germany); k-15307 (USA); k-14953 (Australia). Scientific novelty. A long-term evaluation of 167 varieties of spring oats according to biochemical quality indicators was carried out, the sources that are of the greatest interest for breeding were identified.

Photosynthetic Activity as a Factor of the Yield Formation and Quality of the New Grain Irtysh 33 Fodder Oat Variety

Photosynthetic Activity as a Factor of the Yield Formation and Quality of the New Grain Irtysh 33 Fodder Oat Variety

Белковый азот как показатель определения степени стресса овса при почвенной засухе

Abstract. The purpose is to studying the response of oats to soil drought by the degree of change in the content of protein nitrogen in the leaves and identifying the most drought-resistant varieties for the breeding process. Methods. In the experiment, 40 varieties of oats were used, for which soil drought during tillering and flowering was artificially modeled. Determination of protein content in oat leaves was carried out on the twelfth day after the cessation of irrigation, using the Bradford reagent. Results. The reaction of oats to soil drought in the critical phases of ontogeny (tillering and flowering), expressed as a change in the protein content in the vegetative parts, was studied. On average for the collection, the protein content in tillering was 13.6 %, varying from 10.3 to 16.9 %. In flowering, this indicator decreased to 6.6–14.4 %. It was established that soil drought during the tillering period had a minimal impact on the varieties Assol’, Novosibirskiy 5, Ulov, KROSS, Fakel, Sig, Privet, Megion, Barguzin and Argument. The decrease in protein content in these varieties varied from 7.4 to 10.8 %. In the varieties Pesets, Uran, L’govskiy, Bulanyy, Tigrovyy, Ekspress, Dedal, Narymskiy 943, Pokrovskiy 9, Rovesnik and Borets, soil drought during tillering led to a decrease in the protein content in the leaves by 20.4–30.8 %. The varieties Sig, Ulov, KROSS, Chizh, Novosibirskiy 5, Megion and Fakel were the most resistant to drought during flowering. During the analysis of the data obtained, it was revealed that the varieties L’govskiy 82, Privet, Peredovik, Assol’, Ulov, Novosibirskskiy 5, and Sig reacted to a minimum degree to drought during tillering and flowering. Scientific novelty. The response to drought for 40 oat genotypes was established and the relationship between protein content and plant biomass was determined by the beginning of harvesting. The most promising genotypes for breeding drought-resistant oat varieties have been identified.

Genome-wide analysis and expression of the aquaporin gene family in Avena sativa L.

Oat (Avena sativa L.) belongs to the early maturity grass subfamily of the Gramineae subfamily oats (Avena) and has excellent characteristics, such as tolerance to barrenness, salt, cold, and drought. Aquaporin (AQP) proteins belong to the major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily, are widely involved in plant growth and development, and play an important role in abiotic stress responses. To date, previous studies have not identified or analyzed the AsAQP gene family system, and functional studies of oat AQP genes in response to drought, cold, and salt stress have not been performed. In this study, AQP genes (AsAQP) were identified from the oat genome, and various bioinformatics data on the AQP gene family, gene structure, gene replication, promoters and regulatory networks were analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR technology was used to verify the expression patterns of the AQP gene family in different oat tissues under different abiotic stresses. In this study, a total of 45 AQP genes (AsAQP) were identified from the oat reference genome. According to a phylogenetic analysis, 45 AsAQP were divided into 4 subfamilies (PIP, SIP, NIP, and TIP). Among the 45 AsAQP, 23 proteins had interactions, and among these, 5AG0000633.1 had the largest number of interacting proteins. The 20 AsAQP genes were expressed in all tissues, and their expression varied greatly among different tissues and organs. All 20 AsAQP genes responded to salt, drought and cold stress. The NIP subfamily 6Ag0000836.1 gene was significantly upregulated under different abiotic stresses and could be further verified as a key candidate gene. The findings of this study provide a comprehensive list of members and their sequence characteristics of the AsAQP protein family, laying a solid theoretical foundation for further functional analysis of AsAQP in oats. This research also offers valuable reference for the creation of stress-tolerant oat varieties through genetic engineering techniques.

PERSPECTIVES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF GROATS PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been an increase in the share of small enterprises in the grain industry, the number of which is increasing even today. At most of such enterprises, it is impossible to apply the existing longterm full grain processing technologies, there is a reduction in the number of basic technological operations, often not sufficiently substantiated, which affects the quality of the end products, which do not always meet all the basic norms of the regulations applicable to end products. Considering the modern technological solutions offered by leading manufacturers for the production of flaked products and quick-cooking products, it is possible to note the equipment of the Buhler company, which allows to monitor production control and, accordingly, achieve greater production efficiency. To date, the Buhler company offers the batch steamer MBDA for the steaming stage, which is recommended to be combined with the BCFB flaking machine. This technological equipment in combination gives high quality and reliability of the equipment itself, allows to implement energy-saving technologies at enterprises and obtain controlled production of quality products. Today, in addition to traditional grain, such crops as lentils, chickpeas, beans, wheat-spelt, spelt, naked varieties of oats and barley are processed in part or in small batches at the enterprises of the industry. Lentil is a promising leguminous crop for the grain industry. In the world, it is widely grown as a food and fodder crop. Among leguminous crops, lentils occupy an intermediate place in terms of protein content, with a protein content of 25-36%, while the share of carbohydrates is 45-55%, fat - 3-4%. The first variety of «Linza» edible lentils was registered in 2005. After that, the following varieties were registered only in 2017-2018: «Antonina» (2017), «Darinka» (2017), «YeSMaksymum» (2017), «Blondie» (2018), «Harry» (2018), «SNIM 18» (2018), Chrysolite (2018), which indicates an understanding of the potential of this culture both for the domestic market and for increasing the export potential of our country. The last to enter the register were «Serpanok» (2020) and «RED» (2021) varieties, which indicates the continued work of breeders to expand the varietal base of this crop in Ukraine.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Drought-Responsive Pathways and Key Genes of Two Oat (Avena sativa) Varieties.

To cope with the yield loss caused by drought stress, new oat varieties with greater drought tolerance need to be selected. In this study, two oat varieties with different drought tolerances were selected for analysis of their phenotypes and physiological indices under moderate and severe soil drought stress. The results revealed significant differences in the degree of wilting, leaf relative water content (RWC), and SOD and CAT activity between the two oat genotypes under severe soil drought stress; moreover, the drought-tolerant variety exhibited a significant increase in the number of stomata and wax crystals on the surface of both the leaf and guard cells; additionally, the morphology of the guard cells was normal, and there was no significant disruption of the grana lamella membrane or the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of waxes and cell-wall components, as well as those of the WRKY family, significantly increased in the drought-tolerant variety. These findings suggest that several genes involved in the antioxidant pathway could improve drought tolerance in plants by regulating the increase/decrease in wax and cell-wall constituents and maintaining normal cellular water potential, as well as improving the ability of the antioxidant system to scavenge peroxides in oats.

Agrobiological and phenological characteristics of Dagestan aboriginal grape varieties in the conditions of the Krasnodar region

Native varieties have a number of positive characteristics that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them are varieties of very early ripening (Yay izyum white and Yay izyum pink), medium ripening (Ag izyum, Khatmi), late ripening (Agadai, Koz izyum), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 Dagestan native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions for using the crop in the conditions of the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking. The research has established: one variety of very early ripening (Ag emchek); 5 early ripening varieties (Khotsa tsibil, Budai Shuli, Chaush novyy, Khatmi); 7 early-medium varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chil Gulyabi). Agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality were also determined. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 - fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety - 0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety - 1.74. For other varieties it ranges from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the fruiting coefficient (K2), the varieties Gimra and Khotsa tsibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For other varieties of oats, this indicator ranges from 1.23-1.68.

OAT ADAPTABILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS

Global climate changes cause the acceleration of environmental factors changes - temperature, unevenness of precipitation, drought, which has a significant effect on the yield. Food systems need expanded species biodiversity that are multifunctional in use and sufficiently tolerant to growing conditions. One of these cultures is oats which extremely valuable in human nutrition and provision fodder base. The purpose of the research is to establish the adaptability of oat varieties sowing under variable conditions of nutrition, thermal regime and moisture supply during the years of research. Field research with oat varieties was conducted during 2021-2023 in the stationary experiment of the Plant Breeding Department of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine in a separate subdivision "Agronomic Research Station" (Pshenychne village, Fastivskyi district, Kyiv region ) on typical low humus chernozems. Varieties of oats vary in terms of adaptability due to genetic and environmental characteristics and technological factors of cultivation. The analysis of environmental factors was carried out - thermal units accumulation, sums of active and effective temperatures, GTK for biologically active minima at the level +5C and +10C. It is proved that the ecological factors characteristic for growing oats are used for calculation indicators for the biological minimum of +5С. Sums of thermal accumulation units for the period March - July on average for the years 2021 - 2023 was 2229.7; active temperatures for a biologically active minimum of +5С –2004.2; active temperatures for biologically active minimum +10С–1768.5; effective temperatures for a biologically active minimum of +5С–1361.5; effective temperatures for the biologically active minimum +10C–797.1C. The adaptability of varieties was identified through their plasticity and stability. The plasticity of the varieties increased with an increase of macronutrients in combination with sulfur. Highly plastic and stable varieties are Ivory, Zubr, Legin Nosivskyi - the coefficient of plasticity is equal or exceeds 1 for all fertilizing systems. The Ivory variety is high plastic and stable and responds positively to improvement of nutrition conditions: coefficient of plasticity - 1.00 - 1.32, coefficient of stability - 0.00 - 0.037. The Neptune variety is low-plastic and unstable for almost every rates of fertilizers, except for combinations with sulfur. For the Svitanok variety was established a positive reaction to increasing the rates of macroelements in combination with sulfur - the plasticity coefficient increased from 0.65, the stability coefficient from 0.015 in the control variant to 1.70 and 0.018, respectively, for the introduction N120P120K120S45+N30. There was a similar reaction for the Zakat variety - coefficient increased from 0.86 in the control version to 1.44 with applying N120P120K120S45+ N30.

Impact of fodder cutting management and splitting of nitrogen doses on growth and yield of fodder Oat (Avena sativa L.)

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of fodder cutting and splitting of nitrogen management on growth and yield of various varieties of fodder oat during Rabi 2019-2020. The experiment was carried out with three treatments consisting of (Main plot) three varieties (RO-19, JHO-851, UPO-212) and (Sub plot) four fodder cutting and splitting of nitrogen viz. (T1 ) two cuttings (55 DAS & 50% flowering) with 60% N as basal + 40% N at Ist cut, (T2 ) Two cuttings (55 DAS & 50% flowering) with 50% N as basal + 50% N at I st cut, (T3 ) Three cuttings (55 DAS, 35 days after 1st cut & 50% flowering) with 50% N as basal+ 25% N at Ist cut + 25% N at IInd cut and (T4 ) Three cuttings (55 DAS, 35 days after 1st cut & 50% flowering) with 40% N as basal + 30% N at Ist cut + 30% N at IInd cut were laid out in split plot design with three replications. As per the results the values of RO-19 obtained the highest Initial plant population and Plant height (cm) as compared to JHO-851 and UPO-212, while JHO-851, Number shoots (m-1), Number leaves (m-1), Leaves : Stem ratio (Plant-1) and Green fodder yield (q ha-1) as compared to RO-19 and UPO-212. As regarded to cutting and splitting of nitrogen management on Initial plant population, Plant height (cm), Number leaves (m-1), Leaves : Stem ratio (Plant-1), Green fodder yield (q ha-1) and Total green fodder yield (q ha-1) were found maximum under Two cuttings (55 DAS & 50% flowering) + 50% N as basal + 50% N at Ist cut, while Number shoots (m-1) were found maximum under Two cuttings (55 DAS & 50% flowering) + 60% N as basal + 40% N at Ist cut respectively.

Изучение однолетних травосмесей в условиях северных территорий Архангельской области

The results of a study of annual mixtures of spring oats with spring vetch, field peas, narrow-leaved lupine and spring rapeseed in the conditions of the northern territories of the Arkhangelsk region (Kholmogory district) in 2020–2021 are presented. In the field experiment, according to generally accepted methods, the growth, development and productivity of grass mixtures were studied. The soil of the site is soddy-small-podzolic sandy loam highly cultivated. During the growing season — June and July — the weather conditions differed: in 2020, favorable conditions were formed for the life of annual crops, and in 2021 — dry. As a result of the research, it was found that in the changeable weather conditions of the northern territories of the Arkhangelsk region, it is most preferable to create annual grass stands from varieties of spring oats and field peas intended for use on green mass. Such agrocenoses, at the stated stand density, allow to obtain from 6.31 t/ha to 7.31 t/ha of dry matter, 62.03–70.44 GJ of metabolic energy and 1.01–1.15 t/ha of crude protein. Plants of narrow-leaved lupine and spring rapeseed are upright, do not need support and are not subject to lodging, it is possible to regulate the structure of the crop, and, accordingly, productivity indicators by changing the ratio of sown components and the total density of plants. The use of spring rape in a mixture with spring oats ensures, regardless of weather conditions, the productivity of agrocenoses at the level of the control variant, which makes it possible to diversify the species assortment of crops and reduce the risks of adverse factors.

FORMATION OF THE NUMBER OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC MICROMYCETE POPULATIONS IN AGROCENOSES OF OAT

The formation of the number of the phytopathogenic micromycete populations as a factor in biological pollution of oat agrocenoses is an important research field, the study of which will make it possible to create some sustainable agroecosystems. Therefore, the influence of the environmental factors (abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic, etc.) on the formation of micromycete populations on the vegetative organs of oat plants using different plant cultivation technologies was studied. This article presents the results of the ecological assessment of oat plant varieties based on the indicators of its their influence on the population number, the frequency of its occurrence, and the intensity of micromycete sporulation. Vegetative organs of oat plants of Parliamentsky and Tembre varieties were selected by BBCH scale for cereals in the phases: 5 tillers detectable (25), node 5 at least 2 cm above node 4 (35), еnd of heading: inflorescence fully emerged (39). It was determined that certain climatic conditions like an abiotic factor (namely an increase in air temperature), frequent droughts, or rare but abundant rains, significantly influenced the formation of micromycete populations in the oat leaf microbiome. Plant growing technologies, as an anthropogenic factor, influenced the spectrum of species and their frequency of the occurrence on the vegetative organs of oats of different kinds of the varieties. Using the organic technology of plant cultivation led to diversification of the spectrum of micromycete populations, but with a lower frequency of occurrence of species compared to the traditional technology of plant cultivation. Also, the varieties of oat plants, as a biotic factor, in terms of some physiological substances of plants, are able to restrain the spread of micromycete populations on the vegetative organs of plants or stimulate them. It was found out that using the traditional and organic technologies of plant cultivation on the vegetative organs of Tembre oat variety, the population density, the frequency of micromycete species occurrence, and the intensity of sporulation were significantly lower compared to the indexes of Parliamentsky oat variety plants. This points to the fact that the cultivation of oat varieties capable of resisting the formation of micromycete populations on an ecologically safe level will ensure a decrease in the level of biological pollution of agrocenoses and at the same time increase the biosafety of plant raw materials.

Production and forage quality of two oats (Avena sativa) varieties under cutting conditions

En el altiplano boliviano la avena forrajera (Avena sativa L.), es importante en la alimentación pecuaria, y pese a los factores climáticos adversos (sequia y helada) la superficie de producción va en aumento; sin embargo, hay deficiencias en rendimiento y calidad nutricional por el uso de semilla local y manejo inadecuado, una alternativa es el manejo de variedades mejoradas, por sus mejores cualidades. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la producción y calidad forrajera de dos variedades de avena en corte, en la Estación Experimental Choquenaira, Viacha, La Paz, Bolivia, durante la campaña 2020/21. Las variedades de avena evaluadas fueron Águila y Texas (SEFO - Cochabamba). Se midieron las variables: rendimiento, calidad nutritiva y costos de producción. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba t Student (error ≤ 5 %). Los resultados en rendimiento, fue 18 % menos que la campaña 2019/20, influyendo el factor sequia, las variedades (Águila y Texas) tuvieron similitud estadística, con rendimientos de MV (38.05 y 39.81 t ha-1) y MS (10.99 y 10.98 t ha-1). La calidad nutritiva también presentó poca variación con parámetros de buena calidad en %CZ (7.19 y 6.01), %PB (7.71 y 7.33), %FB (26.07 y 24.98), %FDA (31.58 y 29.66) y %FDN (54.76 y 53.78) y regular calidad en %EE (1.94 y 1.80). Los costos de producción en las variedades manifestaron, costo unitario de MV (0.26 y 0.25 Bs kg-1), rentabilidad (90.29 y 98.73 %) y B/C (1.90 y 1.99). En conclusión, se encontró un rendimiento similar, la calidad nutritiva con poca variación, y bajo costo de producción, mostrando un balance positivo.

Yield and grain quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties grown on typical chernozems

Purpose. To determine the yield potential and grain qua­lity of varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.) as a function of the nutritional and climatic conditions. Methods. Field, laboratory (grain quality determination) and statistical methods were used in the research. Results. Using different fertilization systems, seven oat varieties were studied, of which the most productive were ‘Ayvori’, ‘Lehin Nosivskyi’ and ‘Zakat’. The greatest increase in yield due to the use of fertilizers in 2022–2023 (1.24–2.73 t/ha with average increases of 0.32–2.83 t/ha) was observed for the cultivation of the ‘Ayvori’ variety. Additional increases due to the introduction of sulphur, compared to the options where only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used, were observed for the varieties ‘Neptun’ – 0. 26–0.39 t/ha; ‘Lehin Nosivskyi’ – 0.47–0.49; ‘Svitanok’ – 0.23–0.66; ‘Zakat’ – 0.39–0.64; ‘Zubr’ – 0.41–0.54; ‘Albatros’ – 0.58–0.78; ‘Ayvori’ – 0.34–0.66 t/ha. The average yield of the control varieties in 2021–2023 was as follows 2.28 t/ha – ‘Neptun’; 2.64 – ‘Lehin Nosivskyi’; 2.50 – ‘Svitanok’; 2.70 – ‘Zakat’; 2.71 – ‘Zubr’; 2.60 – ‘Albatros’; 2.81 t/ha – ‘Ayvori’. Increasing the rate of nutrient application to the soil helped to improve grain quality. Thus, with the addition of N30P30K30 + N30 BBCH32, the protein content in the grain was within 10.2–10.8%; N60P60K60 + N30 ВВСН32 – 10.4–11.2; N90P90K90 + N30 ВВСН32 – 11.0–11.8; N120P120K120 + N30 BBCH32 – 11.4–12.4%. The addition of sulphur to the fertilization system resulted in a more efficient use of nitrogen and therefore an increase in the protein content of the grain of 1.3–1.8% compared to the options where the rate of macronutrients was the same for all varieties. The content of albumins and globulins was higher in the grain of the control variant (17.0–19.3 and 20.1–21.6% respectively) and did not vary significantly between varieties. The amount of reserve proteins – prolamins and glutelins – increased (from 28.4–30.2 to 34.8–36.2%) with an increase in fertilizer rate, especially with the introduction of N120P120K120S45 + N30. Conclusions. All investigated oat varieties are highly productive and give yields in the range of 3.33–5.54 t/ha, depending on the fertilizer rate. The variety ‘Neptun’ is slightly lower in yield than the others, but has grain with a significant content of biologically valuable protein fractions. The application of sulphur­containing fertilizers increases yield, improves grain quality and allows a more efficient use of nitrogen, which makes it possible to reduce the basic rate of addition of macronutrients to the soil.

Seed yield response of fodder oat varieties to row spacing and seed rate in north-west parts of India

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important rabi cereal fodder crop of north-west India. Recently, a number of fodder oat varieties have been released in country-wide adaptability. However, limited information on optimal row spacing and seed rate for these fodder oat varieties in seed production system is available especially in the north-western parts of the country, where it is primarily grown for fodder purpose. Hence, field experiments were conducted during winter season from 2016-17 to 2019-20 to evaluate the effects of row spacing and seed rate on growth, yield attributes and seed yield of two fodder oat varieties. When averaged across years, there was 10.4% increase in oat seed yield with 30 cm row spacing over 20 cm row spacing. Higher oat seed yield in wide rows during all the years of the study was mainly attributed to more number of effective tillers, seed per panicle and panicle length. The 1000-seed weight, however, remained unaffected by the row spacing. An increase in seed rate from 37.5 to 62.5 kg/ha resulted in a decrease in seed yield and various yield attributes. However, there was no significant interaction between row spacing and seed rate for seed yields. In conclusion, for reaping maximum oat seed yield, the fodder oat varieties should be planted at 30 cm row spacing and with 37.5 kg/ha seed rate

Drought resistance and index screening of domestic selection oat varieties

The determination of drought-resistant oat varieties is based on the selection of identification indicators and the creation of a comprehensive assessment system that effectively identifies the most promising genotypes for breeding work. During three-year model experiments, 40 varieties of oats of Russian breeding were studied by measuring morphophysiological indicators and calculating the corresponding indices under stress caused by soil drought during tillering and flowering. The research was carried out in an unheated summer-type greenhouse located on the territory of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals. As a control, the same varieties that grew with regular watering and did not experience moisture deficiency were used. Plant height and crop structure elements were studied. The values of the protein content in the leaves, the chlorophyll index, the relative water content in the leaves and the membrane stability index were determined. It is established that the use of each indicator separately as a criterion of drought resistance does not make it possible to fully assess the drought resistance of oats. Assessment of genotypes by indices of susceptibility to drought (DSI) and tolerance to it (DTI) allows us to identify groups of drought-resistant varieties of oats and assess the degree of influence of soil drought on the elements of the crop structure. In the course of research, it was found that the varieties Privet, Peredovik, Sig, Faust, Novosibirsk 5, Barguzin, Assol are resistant to soil droughts during tillering and flowering. Their DSI was less than 0.83 and 0.78 units. accordingly. Such varieties as CROSS, Vilensky and Horizont also had high resistance to drought during tillering. The drought in the later period led to very severe stress, which negatively affected their productivity. The group of genotypes most susceptible to drought was: Dedal, Narymsky 943, Pesec, Lgovsky, Tigrovy, Express, Tayoschnik, Bulany, Borec and Desant. Their drought susceptibility index was more than 1.2 units.

Amino acid composition of proteins of hulled and naked oats

The expansion of the production of products with specified functional indicators (cereals, bakery products, pasta, desserts, muesli, yogurts) and feed with a certain amino acid composition is the main task of the food industry and the feed industry, and naked oats have firmly occupied their own niche in these areas of processing. The purpose of the research is to establish the amino acid composition of oat proteins of the hulled oat variety Konkur and naked varieties Bekas and Baget, to assess the balance of essential amino acids in oat proteins relative to the «reference protein» (amino acid scale according to FAO / WHO data) in order to use grain as an additive in food and feed to increase the proportion of essential amino acids in them. The research was carried out during 2018-2022 at the experimental base of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture. Grain samples of the varieties of filmy and naked oats Konkur, Bekas and Baget were used as experimental material. It was found that the highest proportion of essential amino acids was observed in varieties of naked oats 39,9-41,0 g/kg. The sum of critical amino acids (lysine, methionine, tryptophan) in naked oat varieties was 9,4-9,6 g/kg, which is 1,1-1,3 g/kg higher than in the filmy variety Konkur. According to studies, 1 g of Konkur variety protein contains 249,7 mg of essential amino acids, proteins of naked oat variety Bekas - 268,4 mg and Baget variety - 262,9 mg, which corresponds to 69,4 %, 74,6 % and 73,0 % relative to FAO/WHO recommended standards. The excess of some essential amino acids in naked oat varieties (amino acid score over 100 %) contributed to the imbalance in the ratio of essential amino acids to the «reference» values, while increasing the coefficient of difference in amino acid scores (KRAS protein of Konkur variety was 24,2 %, Bekas variety 33,9 %, varieties Baget 35,5 %), thereby contributing to a decrease in the biological value of the proteins of the varieties Bekas and Baget in relation to the protein of the filmy variety Konkur. Grain of naked oats with a high content of essential amino acids should be used as an ingredient in the production of food and feed with high nutritional value.

Analysis of adaptability of oat varieties and lines by productivity elements in the conditions of Kirov region

The research was carried out in 2020-2022 in the central part of the Kirov region, under varying weather conditions. In the nursery of the competitive variety testing, 3 varieties and 8 lines of hulled oats were studied in order to analyze their adaptive ability according to the elements of the productivity structure. Varieties and lines were characterized based on the sum of the ranks of the evaluation results according to the methods of S. A. Eberhart, W. A. Rassel (1966), N. A. Plokhinsky (1961), L. A. Zhivotkov et al. (1994), A. A. Rosielle and J. Hamblin (1981). There was a direct statistically significant effect of the mass of 1000 grains, the mass of grain from the panicle, the number of grains in the panicle on the yield (r = 0.62…0.85). The formation of the elements of the productivity structure depended on the hydrothermal conditions of individual periods of vegetation (r = 0.63…0.72). The method of two-factor analysis of variance revealed that the influence of the "year" factor on the elements of the productivity structure was more significant (33.7...64.3 %) than the "grade" factor (8.5...24.6 %). There have been identified lines and varieties able to form consistently high yields in contrasting weather conditions due to certain structural elements or their combined influence. A high adaptive capacity with a minimum amount of ranks was obtained by the number of spikelets in the 41h18 line (Σranks = 17), varieties Kirovsky 2 (Σranks = 14); by the number of grains in the panicle and by the weight of grains from the panicle – line 41h18 (Σranks = 14 and 15); by the weight of 1000 grains – lines 25h18, 91h18, 41h18, 50h18, 162h15 (Σranks = 21…27), varieties Medved’ and Kirovsky 2 (Σranks = 18…22). According to the total lowest sum of ranks (71...97), the Kirovsky grade 2, promising lines 25h18 and 41h18 have been identified.

Photosynthetic activity - as a factor in the formation of yield and quality of the new grain fodder oat variety Irtysh 33

The purpose of the research is to assess the influence of photosynthetic activity of the new promising oat variety Irtysh 33 on the formation of its yield and quality of green mass. The experiments were performed in 2017-2022. The soil of the experimental plots is ordinary leached chernozem with a humus content of 5.7…7.5 %. The experiment was carried out in 4 repetitions. The seeding rate is 4 million viable seeds/ha. The area of the plots is 10 m2. The object of research is a new promising oat variety Irtysh 33, the standard variety is Orion. Optimal moisture supply was observed in 2019 (hydrothermal coefficient = 1.10), excess moisture in 2018 (hydrothermal coefficient = 1.39), and dry conditions in 2017, 2020-2022. (hydrothermal coefficient = 0.58-0.77). On average, over the period of research, the variety Irtysh 33 was characterized by a more developed leaf apparatus (35.5 and 24.9 % higher than the standard for leaf surface area in the sweeping and flowering phases, respectively). The new variety was characterized by an increased mass fraction of dry biomass, exceeding the Orion standard by 14.6 % in the heading phase and by 10.2 % in the flowering phase. The Irtysh 33 variety provided photosynthetic potential 30 % higher than the standard. The new variety generated forage yields that were 7.3 and 3.2 t/ha higher than the standard in the heading and flowering phases, respectively. An increased quality of forage mass of the Irtysh 33 variety in the heading phase was also noted - higher than the standard for the mass fraction of protein by 0.4 %, for protein collection by 1.07 t/ha and 0.7 % lower than the standard for the mass fraction of fiber. Indicators of photosynthetic activity had a direct impact on the formation of the yield and quality of green mass of the Irtysh 33 variety, depending on the development phase. From spawning to flowering, the role of accumulation of dry biomass on the formation of the mass fraction of fiber (from r=0.515±0.02 to r=0.684±0.103, respectively) and yield (from r=0.479±0.008 to r=0.602±0.015) increased, as well as the role of net productivity of photosynthesis (for the accumulation of dry biomass from r=0.115±0.004 to r=0.419±0.017; for yield from r=0.460±0.020 to r=0.601±0.051). The average direct degree of conjugation of the assimilation surface of the leaf with the mass fraction of protein, noted in the sweeping phase (r=0.640±0.19), in the next phase changed to the average reverse (r= -0.508±0.021).

Inheritance of valuable productivity traits of hybrid combinations of local and foreign oat varieties in the conditions of the Trans-Ural region

The results of studying the character of inheritance of valuable traits of the first-generation hybrids obtained from crossing foreign and domestic varieties of oats in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals are presented. The experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2019 and 2020. The object of the study were 18 F1 hybrid populations and 6 parent varieties: Talisman, Otrada, Foma, Sang, Solidor and Ensiler. Productivity elements were evaluated according to the methodology of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. B.A. Dospekhov's methodology was used for statistical data processing. Inheritance of phenotypic traits was determined according to G.M. Beil and R.E. Atkins. Analysis of the yield structure elements demonstrated the lack of advantage of foreign selection varieties over the genotypes obtained in the Northern Trans-Urals. It has been established that the Otrada variety is not inferior to Sang, Solidor and Ensiler varieties in terms of panicle ear grain content and the thousand-kernel weight, and Foma is superior to them. It has been determined that crosses between the varieties of local and foreign selection have a high percentage of success (42–68%), which makes them promising in the breeding process. It has been revealed that 50% of hybrid combinations are characterized by depression in the trait "plant height" – the degree of phenotypic dominance in this case varies from –22.2 to –3.1 units. Crossing of Foma with foreign varieties ensured overdominance in the panicle height, its grain content and the thousand-kernel weight. According to the degree of phenotypic dominance of the productivity elements, the following promising hybrid combinations have been identified: Ensiler × Otrada, Sang × Otrada, Foma × Sang. In the above combinations, selection of high-yielding genotypes can be carried out from the second generation onwards. It is recommended to select promising lines among hybrid combinations, where one of the parental forms is the Foma variety, in the later generations. Hybrids of the first generation obtained from crossing the Talisman variety with Ensiler, Sang and Solidor varieties have no advantages over the parental forms and are unpromising for the breeding process.

Screening of Oats (Avena sativa) against Cereal Leaf Beetle within the Ranges of Himalayas of Kashmir

Cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus L.) Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera is one of the devastating pests of wheat, oat and barley in Kashmir valley. Freezing temperatures of Kashmir valley are not suitable for double cropping in a single year. In these harsh winters, farmers are not able to feed their cattle fresh greens, to overcome the problem oats serve as best green fodder not only for cattle but now a days oats are preferred as dietary meal for people. Oats is encountered by various limiting factors, among which cereal leaf beetle has posed a threat in both quality and quantity as well. Hence, an experiment was laid to study the screening of four available varieties of Oats. Investigations were carried out at the farmers field near the Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura, Kashmir, India during 2021-22 under free choice conditions to evaluate the results. Among the evaluated varieties SKO-90 registered least damage of 17% followed by SABZAR (19%), however highest damage of (35%) was found on the cultivar KENT, it was closely followed by SKO-96 with leaf damage of (33%). It is advisable that, farmers should go through the two least damaged varieties of the oats and the chemical constituents responsible for the less damage need to identified through biochemical analysis.