OAT ADAPTABILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS

Abstract

Global climate changes cause the acceleration of environmental factors changes - temperature, unevenness of precipitation, drought, which has a significant effect on the yield. Food systems need expanded species biodiversity that are multifunctional in use and sufficiently tolerant to growing conditions. One of these cultures is oats which extremely valuable in human nutrition and provision fodder base. The purpose of the research is to establish the adaptability of oat varieties sowing under variable conditions of nutrition, thermal regime and moisture supply during the years of research. Field research with oat varieties was conducted during 2021-2023 in the stationary experiment of the Plant Breeding Department of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine in a separate subdivision "Agronomic Research Station" (Pshenychne village, Fastivskyi district, Kyiv region ) on typical low humus chernozems. Varieties of oats vary in terms of adaptability due to genetic and environmental characteristics and technological factors of cultivation. The analysis of environmental factors was carried out - thermal units accumulation, sums of active and effective temperatures, GTK for biologically active minima at the level +5C and +10C. It is proved that the ecological factors characteristic for growing oats are used for calculation indicators for the biological minimum of +5С. Sums of thermal accumulation units for the period March - July on average for the years 2021 - 2023 was 2229.7; active temperatures for a biologically active minimum of +5С –2004.2; active temperatures for biologically active minimum +10С–1768.5; effective temperatures for a biologically active minimum of +5С–1361.5; effective temperatures for the biologically active minimum +10C–797.1C. The adaptability of varieties was identified through their plasticity and stability. The plasticity of the varieties increased with an increase of macronutrients in combination with sulfur. Highly plastic and stable varieties are Ivory, Zubr, Legin Nosivskyi - the coefficient of plasticity is equal or exceeds 1 for all fertilizing systems. The Ivory variety is high plastic and stable and responds positively to improvement of nutrition conditions: coefficient of plasticity - 1.00 - 1.32, coefficient of stability - 0.00 - 0.037. The Neptune variety is low-plastic and unstable for almost every rates of fertilizers, except for combinations with sulfur. For the Svitanok variety was established a positive reaction to increasing the rates of macroelements in combination with sulfur - the plasticity coefficient increased from 0.65, the stability coefficient from 0.015 in the control variant to 1.70 and 0.018, respectively, for the introduction N120P120K120S45+N30. There was a similar reaction for the Zakat variety - coefficient increased from 0.86 in the control version to 1.44 with applying N120P120K120S45+ N30.