Northern Forest-steppe Zone Research Articles

Microbiota of spring wheat seeds grown within the contrasting agroclimatic conditions of the Tyumen region

Relevance. Pathogenic microbiota of seed grain can cause death of seedlings, root rot, weakening of plants and a decrease in yield. Monitoring of seed grains pathogens infection rate is always relevant because the composition of the microbiota is dynamic due to the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors.Methods. Phytopathological analysis of spring wheat seeds grown at the state variety testing sites of the Tyumen region was carried out in contrasting years: cool and excessively moist in July 2015 and hot with moderate rainfall in 2016. We used the “wet chamber” method. 144 samples were analyzed.Results. Fungus of the genus Alternaria were the most abundant representatives of the grain microbial community. Average infection rate of seed samples with fungi Alternaria spp. was 49.5%. No differences were found by year of the study. In 2015 compared to 2016, higher prevalence of fungus of the genus Fusarium (4.8% vs. 1.6%) and bacteria (5.7% vs. 0.7%) was observed in the seed material. The maximum indicators of Fusarium infestation were observed in samples from Nizhnetavda variety testing site located in the subtaiga zone – up to 30% (variety Ikar). In 2016 compared to 2015, higher infection of seed material with helminthosporiose (7.1% vs. 2.6%) and mold fungi (2.3% vs. 0.2%) was observed. The prevalence of Bipolaris sorokiniana fungi was the highest in wheat samples grown in the northern forest-steppe zone, especially samples from the Yalutorovsky variety testing site — the limit value was 27% (variety SKENT-3). Harmfulness fungus of the genus Alternaria was significantly lower compared to other key representatives of grain microbiota. The average score of seedling damage was 1.4 vs. 2.2–2.6, seed germination indices — 94.1% vs. 53.2–67.4%.

Evaluation of spring barley cultivars released in Belarus under the environmental conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals

Background. Studying the genetic diversity of ex situ barley accessions under contrasting environmental conditions (humid with a lack of heat, favorable, arid, etc.) makes it possible to assess them according to the duration of the growing season, resistance to lodging, potential productivity, drought resistance, grain quality, and environmental plasticity. Materials and methods. The results of an 8-year trial (2016–2023) of 11 spring barley accessions of Belarusian origin in the northern forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Province are presented. The experiments followed the protocols adopted for the state variety trials. An SKS-6-10 seeder was used for sowing, the plot area was 5 m2 , and cv. ʻAbalakʼ served as the reference. The seeding rate was 550 viable seeds per 1 m2 . Results. A majority of the studied accessions matured later than the medium-ripening reference cultivar. Weather conditions during the growing season in the Northern Trans-Urals had a decisive effect on the harvest formation, protein content and starch content in barley grain (74.6%, 70.8% and 81.8%, respectively). The effect of the genotype on these indicators was 7.9%, 17.5% and 6.2%, respectively. Starch content also depended on the genotype × environment interaction (9.7%). Fat content was almost equally affected by the genotype (25.1%) and the environment (26.7%). The genotype × environment interaction was more significant (31.2%). Conclusion. The following sources were identified among the tested cultivars: ‘Vodar’ (high yield, drought tolerance, etc.); ‘Magutny’ (high yield, and environmental plasticity); ‘Khago’ (large grain, low hull content, and increased protein and starch content levels); ‘Lipen’ (high test weight, increased starch content, and environmental plasticity); ‘Fobos’ (drought tolerance, and increased protein content); ‘Dublet’ (lodging resistance, and increased protein content); ‘Taler’ (reduced protein content, and environmental plasticity); ‘Pospekh’ (reduced protein content).

Adaptability of hybrid populations of Linum usitatissimum L. in conditions of the Northern Transural region

Relevance. The selection of genotypes with high adaptive properties for the conditions of the Tyumen region allows us to contribute to the development of a regional strategy for breeding and genetic work, selection and cultivation of varieties in connection with changing weather and climatic conditions.Material and methodology. The research was carried out over a three-year period (2020-2022) in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region. Intervarietal hybridization (4x4 scheme), evaluation of the obtained material according to morphological (4 pcs.), biological (1 pc.), adaptive indicators (2 pcs.) was carried out using generally accepted methods. The objects of study were 12 combinations of fiber flax, first obtained in the region.Results. Significant differences (p<0.05*) were determined between hybrid populations of fiber flax in the influence of genotype, environment, and genotype-environment interaction on the degree of implementation of the studied traits. Correlation relationships have been identified that determine the fiber content in the stem (r=0.79-0.91*, growing season, plant height, inflorescence length, softness, camber), the number and weight of seeds per plant (r=0.79-0 ,91*, inflorescence length, number, size and crackability of the capsule). Based on the results of individual selection in the third hybrid generation (F3), early ripening (4 pieces), tall (n=4), with the maximum number of bolls (n=4) and the number of seeds in them (n=7), fiber content (n =4) in the stem of the combination.Conclusions. Hybrid combinations of fiber flax with high levels of stable properties (G1, G3, G9, G10, G11), productivity criteria (G1, G2, G4, G7, G8, G9, G11, G12) can be valuable in breeding work.

Качество зерна новых сортов яровой пшеницы в Северном Зауралье

Abstract. The production of high-quality food wheat grains depends to a large extent on the quality potential of the cultivated varieties and the conditions that ensure its implementation. Studies have identified quality-resistant varieties and factors that ensure an optimal combination of yield and grain quality. The purpose of the research is to consider the possibilities of new varieties of spring wheat to form the technological properties of grain in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. Methods. Studies were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region at the Ishim state section. The soil is leached chernozem. The predecessor in the experience is pure steam. The technological properties of wheat grain were assessed by the West Siberian Interregional Center for Comprehensive Quality Assessment of the Tested Varieties (Barnaul). The main criteria for assessing wheat varieties are taken as the gluten content in flour, the strength of flour according to the alveograph and the liquefaction of the test according to the farinograph, these indicators in local conditions are often limiting when assessing varieties according to bakery strength. According to the results of studies, it was established that the indicator “gluten content in flour” in the studied varieties significantly depended on meteorological conditions. For example, in 2022, with a higher degree of moisture and a lower degree of heat compared to 2021, in the predominant part of the varieties (80 %), the amount of gluten in the flour was lower than the standards for wheat filler. At the same time, the following varieties showed high opportunities to provide flour with the amount of gluten: Tyumenskaya 25, Agronomicheskaya 5, Baganochka, Dorada, Tyumenskaya 29, Varden. Varieties stood out – their indicators were at the level of requirements for strong wheat: Baganochka, Ishimskaya 12 and Lenta 45. In terms of “dough liquefaction”, a significant part of the varieties corresponded to the class “wheat-filler”. At the level of strong wheat were indicators in the varieties Ishimskaya 12, Zagora Novosibirsk, Nitsa. Scientific novelty: In the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, new scientific information has been obtained on the formation by new varieties of spring soft wheat of the state test of technological indicators characterizing the baking power of flour. The highest gluten content in flour of 70% yield was distinguished by the varieties Agronomic 5, Dorada, Varden, Baganochka, Ishimskaya 12, and Lenta varieties were characterized by high indicators of the physical properties of the test on the alveograph; Ishimskaya 12 on the farinograph, Zagora Novosibirsk, Nice.

Efficiency of mineral fertilization of spring wheat

The results of application of Agree’s leaf mineral fertilizer on spring wheat in the system of complex crop protection under conditions of insufficient moisture are presented. Field studies were carried out in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region in the experimental fields of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region - Branch of Federal State Institutions Federal Re-search Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. According to the results of the research, the positive effect of Agree’s NK liquid complex fertilizer in the complex of plant protection products application on the parameters of plant structural elements was revealed. Increase in ear length by 1.4 cm, number of spikelets by 2.5 pieces, number of grains in the ear by 6 pcs, weight of grain from 25 stems by 6-16 g, weight of 1000 grains by 4 g according to variants of agrochemicals application in tillering and earing phases: No 3 Agree’s NK, 2 l/ha + Agree’s NK, 2 l/ha; No 6 Agree’s N, 2 l/ha + Agree’s NK, 2 l/ha; No 7 Agree’s N, 3 l/ha + Agree’s NK, 2 l/ha. Application of agrochemicals in one phase of crop development, maximum rates had no positive effect on spring wheat yield. Application of agrochemical schemes Agree’s NK, 2 l/ha + Agree’s NK, 2 l/ha; Agree’s N, 2 l/ha + Agree’s NK, 2 l/ha; Agree’s N, 3 l/ha + Agree’s NK, 2 l/ha increased yield to 0.6-0.8 t/ha or 24-31%. The application of agrochemical Agree’s in the phase of the beginning of earing contributed to the improvement of technological quality of wheat grain, gluten content was higher than the control by 2-4%. Gluten quality 75-100 units, which is satisfactory. The use of agrochemicals has a clear advantage in the treatment of plants on the leaf in the system of their protection, an integrated approach to the use of agrochemicals is necessary, taking into account the treatment of at least 2 phases of plant development or one, but in the phase of unfolding of the flag leaf and the beginning of earing.

Productivity of a collection Solanum tuberosum varieties in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals

Research to evaluate the collection of Solanum tuberosum varieties was carried out in the conditions of 2023, the Northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region. In the collection, 49 varieties of different ripeness groups were studied, the varieties are represented by different geographies of origin of Russian and foreign breeding centers. Potato varieties differ significantly from each other in phenological indicators; among the early varieties, upon the onset of full budding, the varieties Colombo, Lyubava, Isetsky, and Antonina stood out. In the mid-early group, the budding phase began 9-11 days earlier in the varieties Stepana, Svitanok Kyiv, Nevsky, Adretta, Ausonia, Belmando, Sineglazka, Arnika, and Lily. Among the mid-season varieties Otrada and Sokur, the budding phase began 8 days earlier than the standard (Tuleevsky variety). The onset of phenological phases with a delay in relation to the control in early-ripening varieties was 6-58%, in mid-early varieties 4.5-18%, and in mid-ripening varieties up to 10%. In terms of yield in the early ripening group, the varieties Labella (27.41 ‒ 37.49 t/ha) and Colombo (28.64 ‒ 38.60 t/ha) were higher than the standard variety Zhukovsky (26.74 ‒ 35.65 t/ha). In the mid-early period, the following varieties distinguished themselves in yield: Arnika (33.84 t/ha), Banba (30.07 t/ha), Adretta (29.19 t/ha), Sarma (29.02 t/ha). As a result, varieties were identified that showed an increase in yield in conditions of a year with a lack of moisture, exceeding the standard in the early-ripening group of 11% of varieties, and in the mid-early and mid-ripening groups of 44% of varieties.

Promising lines (Pisum sativum) of the chameleon morphotype in the Northern Trans-Urals

The research was conducted at the Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-West, a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in the Northern Forest-Steppe Zone of the Tyumen Region. The varieties of grain of the “chameleon” morphotype were evaluated according to productivity parameters. The study of breeding lines and varieties was carried out according to the type of competitive variety testing. Weather conditions during the research period varied significantly. The yield varied in the range of 2.4-5.5 t/ha, and on average over a number of years the yield was 4.06-4.16 t/ha. The yield exceeding the standard of the Sibirsky 1 variety was observed for 1 line out of 4 (TM06-457) by 2%. The seed productivity from an area of 1 m2 averaged 374‒431 g, with the standard being exceeded by the TM06‒257 and TM06‒457 lines. The varieties increased the vegetation period by 1.2‒1.8 days, lodging resistance increased by 0.4 points, the protein content was 19‒25%, with the standard being exceeded by 5.3‒5.9% for the studied lines, and the structural parameters of the plant were exceeded over the standard. Of the entire set of tested lines, the TM06-257 lines and the slightly inferior TM06-457 stood out for most of the plant structure parameters.

Optimizing Work Planning for Grain Crop Cultivation: Software Components

The paper considers modernization of the agricultural sector with the aim of enhancing its efficiency and competitiveness through the implementation of digital technologies. Additionally, it analyzes the methods and software employed for the selection of technologies and technical tools. (Research purpose) The research aims to develop software modules for managing the production of crop products. This involves the selection of appropriate agricultural technologies and the optimal utilization of the machine and tractor fleet. The software designed is expected to take into account the farm agroclimatic and production conditions. (Materials and methods) The development of software components for a web-based software package aimed to facilitate the annual work planning in grain crop cultivation, is based on a method rooted in the evaluation of natural, climatic, and production conditions. (Results and discussion) The findings support the feasibility of developing software components for a web-based software package by selecting agricultural technologies and determining optimal utilization options for technical means. The research resulted in the development of a structural scheme for the software package designed as a web-based application, encompassing such software modules as «Selection of technologies» and «Selection of technical means». These modules share a unified interface and operate on a common database. The operation of software modules for selecting technologies was tested in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk region in 2022.The tests examined the cultivation technologies for wheat at a standard intensification level across four working areas with varying predecessors. (Conclusions) The developed software components will be subsequently integrated into the software package in the form of a web application. This application can serve as a support system for making informed managerial decisions in the realm of machine-based agricultural technologies. The software package facilitates the automation of technology selection, the creation of an annual work plan, and the computation of economic indicators.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БАКТЕРИЙ PSEUDOMONAS PROTEGENS DA1.2 ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ БАШКИРСКОГО ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ

The data of 3-year field experience with soft spring wheat in the conditions of the Northern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. Treatment with nanomet and chistalan herbicides led to a significant reduction in the number of weeds and a decrease in the threshold of their harmfulness, while herbicides had a pronounced negative effect on the physiological and biochemical processes of wheat plants. The positive effect of the introduction of Pseudomonas protegens DA1.2 bacteria together with herbicides was revealed due to a decrease in the content of MDA, an increase in the content of chlorophylls and nitrogen index, all this led to an increase in yield. According to field experiments, the yield for an average of 3 years was 37.9 c/ha, an increase in wheat productivity of 24.5% or more of the control was observed in variants of joint treatment with bacteria with the herbicides. The studied strain can be recommended for increasing yields and more effective use of herbicides in the conditions of the Urals of the north-western part of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Comparative assessment of yield and adaptive potential of pea and soybean varieties in the conditions of the northern foreststeppe zone of Northern Trans-Urals

The research aims to comprehensively assess pea and soybean varieties based on their ranking by yield and adaptive parameters in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region for the years 2019-2021. The authors identified the significant environmental variability during the years of variety testing. The best pea variety in terms of average yield and average yield in contrasting conditions was Ostinato (33.8 and 36.9 c/ha, respectively), while for soybean, it was the Siberiada variety (13.2 and 11.9 c/ha, respectively). The realisation of yield potential was low for all varieties and did not exceed 75%. Pea varieties outperformed soybean varieties regarding 1000 grain weight and plant height. The vegetation period for soybean varieties was 25-30 days longer than for pea varieties. All sorts exhibited high resistance to lodging. Stress resistance was low for all types, especially peas, ranging from -11.8 for the Siberian variety to -20.0 c/ha for the Ostinato pea. Yield variability among varieties ranged from 33.4% (Ostinato pea variety) to 53.4% (SibNIISK-315 soybean variety). The regression coefficient for all pea and soybean varieties was equal to or close to one, from bi = 0.96 (Siberiachka soybean variety) to bi = 1.04 (Ostinato pea variety and Siberiada soybean variety), indicating their plasticity. Soybean varieties exceeded pea varieties in terms of homeostasis. The best for peas in this indicator was the Ostinato variety (Hоm = 5.06), and for soybeans, it was the Siberiada variety (Hоm = 2.06). The pea variety Ostinato (2.4) and the soybean variety Siberiada (0.8) demonstrated the highest overall adaptive ability. Based on the sum of rankings for yield and adaptability parameters, the best pea variety was Ostinato (sum of orders 11). For soybeans, it was the Siberiada variety (sum of rankings 11).

Varietal zoning of spring wheat and estimation of its varieties according to productivity and adaptability in the Tyumen region

The purpose of the current study was to estimate the varietal zoning of spring wheat in the Tyumen region, as well as a productivity and adaptability potential of its varieties in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the region. Varietal zoning of spring wheat in 2022 included 18 varieties. The largest mean productivity was produced by the varieties ‘Ekaterina’ (3.14 t/ha, a middle-early variety), ‘KVS Akvilon’ (3.60 t/ha, a middle maturing variety) and ‘Melodiya’ (3.86 t/ha, a middle late variety). The best stress resistant varieties were ‘Novosibirskaya 15’ (a middle-early variety, –1.59), ‘Chernyava 13’ (a middle maturing variety, –1.42) and ‘Melodiya’ (a middle late variety, –2.08). The varieties ‘Ekaterina’ (a middle-early variety), ‘Ikar’, ‘Aviada’, ‘Omskaya 36’, ‘KVS Akvilon’ (a middle maturing variety), ‘Riks’ and ‘Melodiya’ (a middle late variety) belong to the strongly responsive, intensive varieties, with a regression coefficient bi > 1. The best stable varieties in the middle-early group were the varieties ‘Iren’ (Si 2 = 1.82), ‘Tyumenskaya 25’ (Si 2 = 0.92) and the varieties ‘Lutescens 70’ (Si 2 = 0.92), ‘Chernyava 13’ (Si 2 = 1.18), ‘Tyumenskaya 29’ (Si 2 = 1.61) in the middle maturing group. The varieties ‘Ekaterina’ (Pcond = 197.8 %, a middle early variety), ‘Tyumenskaya Yubileinaya’ (Pcond = 202.5 %, a middle early variety), ‘Chernyava 13’ (Pcond = 170.9 %, a middle maturing variety), ‘Grenada’ (Pcond = 122.9 %, a middle maturing variety) and ‘Melodiya’ (Pcond = 154.2 %, a middle late variety) were characterized with the largest indicator of the productivity level and stability. According to the general adaptability, the best middle early variety was ‘Ekaterina’ (GA = 0.39), the middle maturing ones was ‘Chernyava 13’ (GA = 0.18) and ‘KVS Akvilon’ (GA = 0.26), the middle late variety was ‘Melodiya’ (GA = 0.19). According to the sum of the ranks of productivity and adaptability indicators, the most valuable variety in the middle early group was ‘Ekaterina’ (the sum of ranks was 20), in the middle maturing group was ‘Chernyava 13’ (the sum of ranks was 23) and in the middle late group was ‘Melodiya’ (the sum of ranks was 10).

Evaluation of oat varieties in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of THE Republic of Bashkortostan

Evaluation of oat varieties in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of THE Republic of Bashkortostan

Ecological assessment of varieties and hybrids of winter rye in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Ecological assessment of varieties and hybrids of winter rye in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Трутни медоносных пчел башкирской популяции среднерусского подвида на севере ареала

Specialists conducted local molecular and genetic studies of working individuals of honeybees in apiaries of the northern forest-steppe zone, covering the area of the Bashkir population of the Central Russian subspecies of honeybees, during which some reserves of Apis mellifera mellifera were identified. However, there are no detailed studies on the dynamics of the morphotypic and phenotypic structure and taxonomic assessment of drones in this territory. The material for this work is based on field studies conducted in the Askin, Baltachevsky, Burayevsky, Kaltasinsky, Karaidelsky, Krasnokamsky, Mishkinsky, Nurimanovsky, Tatyshlinsky and Yanaulsky districts of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2017–2020. The object of research was the drones of honeybees. In total, more than 17 thousand copies of drones were collected and processed. The paper uses the method of F. Ruttner on the assessment of morphotypes. The studies were carried out on dry samples of bees. To determine the color of the hairs on the abdomen, the color scale of Prf. Goetze was used. As a result of the study of the phenotypes of honeybee drones, based on the analysis of morphotypes and color of the hairs on the abdomen, the distribution of three phenotypes was established (O-dark cuticle (brown – coffee), Is – a wide saddle – shaped stripe (black-smoky), 2R-two yellow rings on the cuticle (brown-coffee)) on apiaries of the northern forest-steppe zone, forming the Bashkir population of the Central Russian subspecies. It was revealed that all morphotypes were characterized by the presence of hair color corresponding to the standard of the Central Russian subspecies. The phenotypic diversity of bees living in the studied apiaries is determined, first of all, by the complex influence of the anthropogenic factor. At the same time, the timely implementation of breeding programs for the conservation and breeding of native bees, a certain geographical isolation of the northern forest-steppe zone, the isolation of apiaries will preserve the subpopulation structure of bees in this territory.

Pedo-climatic changes of drained floodplain soils within the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia)

The article provides an assessment of climatic characteristics and changes in floodplain soils after the implementation of a drainage system. The study was conducted in the northern forest-steppe zone of the East European Plain (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). Through the analysis of long-term meteorological observations from 1961 to 2020, it was found that there was a steady increase in air temperature in all months and throughout the year, an increase in the period with positive temperatures, a slight increase in annual precipitation, and a reduction in precipitation during certain months of the warm season. Over the past 40 years, the drainage system has transformed the soil cover from Gleysols to Anthrosols, due to a decrease in the level of groundwater, agricultural use, as well as warming of the climate in the region. Thus, the transformation of soil cover can potentially contribute to climate change through the depletion of soil organic carbon stocks and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, currently, the natural and climatic conditions, morphological, water-physical, and agrochemical properties of Anthrosols allow for the production of two harvests of fodder crop (Bromus inermis L.) during the vegetation period. In general, the change in climatic indicators in the study area is consistent with the global trend. Our results underscore the sensitivity of soil systems to climatic variations and human activities, highlighting the need for local studies to understand regional and global environmental changes.

УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ КАРТОФЕЛЯ СОРТА КАВАЛЕР В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СРОКА, СПОСОБА И ГЛУБИНЫ ПОСАДКИ В ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЕ ЧЕЛЯБИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The yield of potatoes of the Kavaler variety in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region in the period 2020-2022 largely depended on the weather conditions of the growing season (factor contribution – 15%), planting time (52%), seed placement depth (11%), somewhat less – on the method of planting (4.2%) and the interaction of factors " year” and “planting depth” (7.2%). According to the years of research, the planting time had the greatest influence on the yield, which determines 79% of the variation in 2020, 38% in 2021 and 65% in 2022, as well as the method of planting potatoes, which controlled 6.5%, 11.4%, and 4.0% respectively of the total variation of this trait. A significant effect of the depth of planting seed tubers on the yield of potatoes was noted only in the dry conditions observed in 2021 (factor contribution of – 44.4%). The potatoes achieved high yields due to the well timed planting (May 10-12th). The Kavaler variety exhibited an average productivity of 25.04 t/ha over a three-year period, showing a 4.11 t/ha increase in yield compared to the late planting dates (June 5- 6th). Ridge planting was more advantageous in the conditions of 2020 and 2022, whereas in the dry year of 2021, flat planting proved to be more effective.

Yield and adaptability of spring wheat varieties of different maturity groups under forest-steppe conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals

In the article, the authors present data on the yield of spring wheat varieties based on the results of their testing on a fallow predecessor in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region for 2019–2021. The study aims to comprehensively assessment of mid-early and mid-season varieties of spring wheat based on their ranking in terms of yield and adaptability parameters. The authors note a significant variation in the index of environmental conditions during the years of variety testing. The highest average yield was noted in the varieties Tyumenskaya 25 (mid-early, 47.7 c/ha) and KVS Akvilon (mid-ripening, 47.8 c/ha). The stress resistance index is low in all varieties and mid-season ones especially. All varieties were characterized by significant yield variability - from 21.0 (Novosibirskaya 15) to 28.7% (KVS Akvilon). Strong responsiveness to changing conditions was found in varieties Tyumenskaya 25 (bi = 1.25) and KVS Akvilon (bi = 1.21). These varieties are intense. Most varieties with a regression coefficient equal to or close to one were characterized as plastic and classified as semi-intensive. The level of yield stability of varieties is low. The best varieties in this parameter were Ekaterina (Ist = 1.91) and Ikar (Ist = 1.93). The varieties Tyumenskaya 25 (OAS = 4.1) and KVS Akvilon (OAS = 2.2) were characterized by the highest general adaptive ability. According to the sum of the ranks assessing the parameters of productivity and adaptability, the varieties Tyumenskaya 25 and Ekaterina were recognized as the best in the group of mid-early varieties (the sum of ranks, respectively, 17) and the group of mid-ripening varieties, KVS Akvilon (the sum of ranks, 17).

Spatial resource modeling of agricultural land use for sustainable crop production

Agriculture requires balanced amount of different-quality land resources, labor force and assets for sustainable and efficient functioning. The efficiency of any production is achieved by increasing the productivity of labor and other basic factors of production, as well as by saving costs. The necessity and possibility of modeling to form land use of an agricultural organization are discussed in this work. The authors specified object and subject of modeling, and also established the parameters of agricultural land use for the northern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region ensuring the sustainable efficiency of crop production. The order of implementation of the spatial-resource modeling is shown in this paper as well.

Занятие охотой у татар Большереченского района Омской области в прошлом и в настоящее время (по новым полевым материалам)

The hunting is considered in the settlements of the Tatars of the Bolsherechensky district of the Omsk region over the past three years on the basis of field ethnographic materials. The objects of hunting, lands, forms and methods of hunting are briefly characterized, some preserved worldviews related to hunting are listed. The hunting is currently of an amateur nature, is the leisure of men and one of the elements of their daily life. А collective driven hunt for a wolf on a horse are described also. This is one of the important specific features, in the past, characteristic of the northern forest-steppe zone.

Современные эколого-эпизоотологические и эпидемиологические особенности природных очагов бешенства в Омской области

The aim of the work is to study modern ecological, epizootological and epidemiological features of rabies in the Omsk region at the beginning of the 21st century, as this region is traditionally considered a rabies-prone territory. The paper describes the cases of rabies infection in human in the Omsk region in 1962–2020 and determines the features of treatment-seeking behaviour after traumatic contacts with animals in 2001–2020. The features of the epizootic process within the period 2001-2020 were studied. The number of foxes and raccoon dogs, i.e., the main natural hosts and distributors of rabies was analyzed. The epizootic index and infection density in different districts of the region for 2001-2020 were revealed. A modern epidemiological zoning was carried out and the risk of rabies incidence in different districts of the Omsk region was determined. The epizootic process of rabies in the region was determined to undergo significant changes at the beginning of the 21st century. A pronounced downward trend was revealed in the number of detected animal diseases. Epizootics form persistent foci, localized during the study period mainly in the subzone of the northern forest steppe. This previously unobserved feature of the landscape confinement of foci to the northern forest-steppe zone is apparently associated with a change in the population structure of natural hosts of the infection and a significant increase in the number of raccoon dogs. Conclusions: to optimize preventive measures, it is necessary to pay attention to the vaccination of all groups of animals involved in the epizootic process, to continue oral vaccination of wild predators. There are conditions for the formation of persistent natural foci of infection and the possibility of epizootics to get activated. This determines the relevance of constant virological monitoring of the populations of foxes, raccoon dogs, corsacs and badgers, as well as monitoring the density of populations of these species.