Трутни медоносных пчел башкирской популяции среднерусского подвида на севере ареала

Abstract

Specialists conducted local molecular and genetic studies of working individuals of honeybees in apiaries of the northern forest-steppe zone, covering the area of the Bashkir population of the Central Russian subspecies of honeybees, during which some reserves of Apis mellifera mellifera were identified. However, there are no detailed studies on the dynamics of the morphotypic and phenotypic structure and taxonomic assessment of drones in this territory. The material for this work is based on field studies conducted in the Askin, Baltachevsky, Burayevsky, Kaltasinsky, Karaidelsky, Krasnokamsky, Mishkinsky, Nurimanovsky, Tatyshlinsky and Yanaulsky districts of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2017–2020. The object of research was the drones of honeybees. In total, more than 17 thousand copies of drones were collected and processed. The paper uses the method of F. Ruttner on the assessment of morphotypes. The studies were carried out on dry samples of bees. To determine the color of the hairs on the abdomen, the color scale of Prf. Goetze was used. As a result of the study of the phenotypes of honeybee drones, based on the analysis of morphotypes and color of the hairs on the abdomen, the distribution of three phenotypes was established (O-dark cuticle (brown – coffee), Is – a wide saddle – shaped stripe (black-smoky), 2R-two yellow rings on the cuticle (brown-coffee)) on apiaries of the northern forest-steppe zone, forming the Bashkir population of the Central Russian subspecies. It was revealed that all morphotypes were characterized by the presence of hair color corresponding to the standard of the Central Russian subspecies. The phenotypic diversity of bees living in the studied apiaries is determined, first of all, by the complex influence of the anthropogenic factor. At the same time, the timely implementation of breeding programs for the conservation and breeding of native bees, a certain geographical isolation of the northern forest-steppe zone, the isolation of apiaries will preserve the subpopulation structure of bees in this territory.