Yield and adaptability of spring wheat varieties of different maturity groups under forest-steppe conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals

Abstract

In the article, the authors present data on the yield of spring wheat varieties based on the results of their testing on a fallow predecessor in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region for 2019–2021. The study aims to comprehensively assessment of mid-early and mid-season varieties of spring wheat based on their ranking in terms of yield and adaptability parameters. The authors note a significant variation in the index of environmental conditions during the years of variety testing. The highest average yield was noted in the varieties Tyumenskaya 25 (mid-early, 47.7 c/ha) and KVS Akvilon (mid-ripening, 47.8 c/ha). The stress resistance index is low in all varieties and mid-season ones especially. All varieties were characterized by significant yield variability - from 21.0 (Novosibirskaya 15) to 28.7% (KVS Akvilon). Strong responsiveness to changing conditions was found in varieties Tyumenskaya 25 (bi = 1.25) and KVS Akvilon (bi = 1.21). These varieties are intense. Most varieties with a regression coefficient equal to or close to one were characterized as plastic and classified as semi-intensive. The level of yield stability of varieties is low. The best varieties in this parameter were Ekaterina (Ist = 1.91) and Ikar (Ist = 1.93). The varieties Tyumenskaya 25 (OAS = 4.1) and KVS Akvilon (OAS = 2.2) were characterized by the highest general adaptive ability. According to the sum of the ranks assessing the parameters of productivity and adaptability, the varieties Tyumenskaya 25 and Ekaterina were recognized as the best in the group of mid-early varieties (the sum of ranks, respectively, 17) and the group of mid-ripening varieties, KVS Akvilon (the sum of ranks, 17).