Non-food Sectors Research Articles

Segmentation Of Kartu Halo Customers Based On Lifestyle In Telkomsel Branch Manado

The sales of Kartu Halo products in Branch Manado every month at 2018 have increased significantly, this is indicated by the average increased in customer base from early January to August in 2018 of 982 customers. The increase of customer base also inline with the economic growth of North Sulawesi by 6.49% Year on Year in 2018. With the increase in economic growth, the level of expenditure in the city of Manado also increases every month, spending in the non-food sector reaches 50.76% of total monthly expenditure. 30.26% are in the goods and services sector. In large and developing cities in Indonesia has the potential for growth and lifestyle changes in terms of telecommunications services needs. Shifting of consumers behavior from wired communication to wireless mobile communication makes companies competitive to providing the best services and products to make company revenue increased. In Telkomsel, the Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) generated from Kartu Halo as a postpaid card product that contributed 3.68 times more than the ARPU Telkomsel prepaid product at the end of 2017. There are various methods by the company to increased revenue growth, one of them were increasing market share. To increase the market share can be increase the customer base with offering products according to the intended customer segment. The purpose of this studies were to find out how the segmentation of Kartu Halo customers in Branch Manado based on lifestyle activities, interests, and opinions from consumers. This research is classified as a type of explorative descriptive research whose data collection is carried out by distributing questionnaires to 420 samples through social media of Kartu Halo product users at Branch Manado. The results of the questionnaire obtained valid and reliable results with a Chronbach's alpha value of 0.907. By using the two steps cluster of cluster analysis, the results of this study indicate that there are two clusters, namely the first cluster Experientials, which have Education and average income doing research, in choosing products, and running activities online. And the second cluster is Functionalist, who spends money on something important and has a high level of confidence.

Climate Change: Impact, Issues and Strategies

Agriculture production of India has been continuously rising; however, India still continues to have an alarming figure of undernourished population. Global climate change is widely viewed as one of the most significant challenges society is facing today. Combined with increased competition for land, water and labour from non-food sectors, climate change and associated increase in climatic variability will exacerbate seasonal or annual fluctuations in food yield. There are many options to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change, to minimize risks to agricultural systems. Options range from change in crop management, such as sowing time, stress resistance varieties, change in cropping systems and land use, to adjust to new climates. Government of India through its various schemes are also helping the country to adapt and mitigate the vagaries of climate. CRIDA with the help of NICRA and its climate related studies are identifying and demonstrating various climate resilient technologies to Indian farmers

Solanum betaceum Fruits Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds to Be Used in Foods and Non-Foods Applications.

The fruit supply chain generates large amounts of waste that are often used as animal feed and in the production of both composts and fertilizers and biogas (anaerobic digestion). Since these types of procedures imply high economic costs related to drying, storage, and transport processes, more efficient and environmentally friendly utilization and recycling of this kind of waste are becoming significant for governments and industries. However, improper waste disposal increases the burden on the environment. Many of these fruit wastes, such as Solanum betaceum fruit waste, viz., peels, seeds, and pomace, could be considered potent bio-resource materials for several applications in the food and non-food industries due to their richness in valuable compounds. The basic composition of Solanum betaceum fruits seed has a high content of protein (20%), fiber (around 25%), sugar (11-20%) and low lipid content (0.4%), while S. betaceum peel has a low content of sugar (2-9%), protein (8-10%) and lipid (0.2-0.8%) and high fiber content (23%). Regarding the phytochemicals, the wastes have a high level of phenolics (0.2-0.6%) and pigments such as anthocyanins (0.06%). The inherent bioactive compounds of waste can be used as natural ingredients for foods, cosmetics, medicines, and the production of packaging materials production. Along this line, the present review covers all possible approaches for the valorization of S.betaceum waste in the food and non-food sectors.

Factors Affecting Economic Development and Job Opportunity in Samarinda

This study aims to determine the Effect of Household Consumption and Investment on Economic Growth and Employment Opportunities in Samarinda City. Quantitative type of research. With a total of 15 years of research period calculated from 2006 - 2020. The analytical tools used are outer model, inner model, partial hypothesis testing with SmartPLS. The results showed that household consumption variables with food and non-food sector consumption indicators have a significant effect on economic growth. Investment variables with indicators of Domestic Investment (PMDN) and Foreign Investment (FDI) have a significant effect on economic growth. Variable Household consumption with indicators of consumption in the food and non-food sectors has a significant effect on employment opportunities. Meanwhile, investment variables with indicators of Domestic Investment (PMDN) and Foreign Investment (FDI) do not affect employment opportunities. The variable economic growth with the prevailing price GRDP indicator and constant price GRDP has a significant effect on job opportunities in Samarinda City for the period 2006 - 2020.

Punica granatum Peel Waste - An Underutilized Substrate of Therapeutic Potential: An Overview.

India is the second largest consumer and producer of fruits globally. It leads to ample solid waste per year from fruit processing industries that have been proven hazardous to the surroundings. Punica granatum (Pomegranate) belongs to the Lythraceae subfamily Punicoideae, which exhibits immense nutritional properties and delicious flavoring components. The weight of this fruit mainly consists of peel, i.e., 50%, followed by 40% of arils and 10% of seeds. Thus, the major byproduct is peel that holds many valuable bioactive compounds in higher concentrations viz saponins, carotenoids, steroids, polyphenols, quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, phenolic acids, flavonoids, ellagitannins, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, anthocyanidins, triterpenoids, glycosides, tannins, and many more. Consequently, it results in wideranging therapeutic applications, including antioxidative, anti-microbial, antihypertensive, anticarcinogenic, anti-genotoxic, anti-inflammatory, glucoregulation, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects along with prebiotic potential. Considering their nutritional and therapeutic aspects, these peels can be used for many purposes rather than being disposed off. With a value-added approach, it is utilized in many food and non-food sectors. So, this review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of P. granatum peel and enlighten its diverse applications in the food industry.

Valorization of Starch to Biobased Materials: A Review.

Many concerns are being expressed about the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and long-term viability of polymer-based substances. This prompted the quest for an alternative source of material that could be utilized for various purposes. Starch is widely used as a thickener, emulsifier, and binder in many food and non-food sectors, but research focuses on increasing its application beyond these areas. Due to its biodegradability, low cost, renewability, and abundance, starch is considered a “green path” raw material for generating porous substances such as aerogels, biofoams, and bioplastics, which have sparked an academic interest. Existing research has focused on strategies for developing biomaterials from organic polymers (e.g., cellulose), but there has been little research on its polysaccharide counterpart (starch). This review paper highlighted the structure of starch, the context of amylose and amylopectin, and the extraction and modification of starch with their processes and limitations. Moreover, this paper describes nanofillers, intelligent pH-sensitive films, biofoams, aerogels of various types, bioplastics, and their precursors, including drying and manufacturing. The perspectives reveal the great potential of starch-based biomaterials in food, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, and non-food applications.

Active secretion of a thermostable transglutaminase variant in Escherichia coli

BackgroundStreptomyces mobaraenesis transglutaminase (smTG) is widely used to generate protein crosslinking or attachment of small molecules. However, the low thermostability is a main obstacle for smTG application. In addition, it is still hard to achieve the secretory expression of active smTG in E. coli, which benefits the enzyme evolution. In this study, a combined strategy was conducted to improve the thermostability and secretory expression of active smTG in E. coli.ResultsFirst, the thermostable S. mobaraenesis transglutaminase variant S2P-S23V-Y24N-S199A-K294L (TGm1) was intracellularly expressed in pro-enzyme form in E. coli. Fusing the pro-region of Streptomyces hygroscopicus transglutaminase (proH) and TrxA achieved a 9.78 U/mL of intracellular smTG activity, 1.37-fold higher than the TGm1 fused with its native pro-region. After in vitro activation by dispase, the TGm1 with proH yielded FRAPD-TGm1, exhibiting 0.95 ℃ and 94.25% increases in melting temperature and half-life at 60 ℃ compared to FRAP-TGm1 derived from the expression using its native pro-region, respectively. Second, the TGm1 with proH was co-expressed with transglutaminase activating protease and chaperones (DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE) in E. coli, achieving 9.51 U/mL of intracellular FRAPD-TGm1 without in vitro activation. Third, the pelB signal peptide was used to mediate the secretory expression of active TGm in E. coli, yielding 0.54 U/mL of the extracellular FRAPD-TGm1. A script was developed to shuffle the codon of pelB and calculate the corresponding mRNA folding energy. A 1.8-fold increase in the extracellular expression of FRAPD-TGm1 was achieved by the Top-9 pelB sequence derived from the coding sequences with the lowest mRNA folding energy. Last, deleting the gene of Braun’s lipoprotein further increased the extracellular yield of FRAPD-TGm1 by 31.2%, reached 1.99 U/mL.ConclusionsThe stabilized FRAPD-smTG here could benefit the enzyme application in food and non-food sectors, while the E. coli system that enables secretory expression of active smTG will facilitate the directed evolution for further improved catalytic properties. The combined strategy (N-terminal modification, co-expression with chaperones, mRNA folding energy optimization of signal peptide, and lipoprotein deletion) may also improve the secretory expression of other functional proteins in E. coli.

Aktivitas Antibakteri Kitosan dari Tulang Rawan Cumi-Cumi (Loligo sp.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

Squid (Loligo sp.) is one of fisheries commodities export in Indonesia. Squid has cartilage that can be utilized in the food and non-food sectors. The inner skin of the squid cartilage contains chemical compounds are chitin and chitosan. The objectives of this research are to produce chitosan from squid cartilage and tested the antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan in bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The research method was carried out in twophase; the manufacturing phase of chitosan from squid cartilage and the testing phase for the antibacterial activity of chitosan. The results of the first phase of this study indicate that the chitosan produced meets the quality standards of chitosan with water content 7.82% (bk), ash content 0.57% (bk), nitrogen content 3.18% (bk) and degree of deacetylation 87.43%. Further more the results obtained in the second phase showed that the higher of chitosan concentration, the greater of inhibition zone in the tested bacteria. The best antibacterial activity was found at 0.8% chitosan concentration, with an inhibition zone of 12.8 ± 0.06 mm in E. coli and 11.1 ± 0.12 mm in S. aureus. At a concentration of 0.8% showed a greater inhibitory value when compared to 70% alcohol.

Recent Advances in Applications of Bioactive Egg Compounds in Nonfood Sectors.

Egg, a highly nutritious food, contains high-quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals. This food has been reported for its potential pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, immunomodulatory effects, and use in tissue engineering applications. The significance of eggs and their components in disease prevention and treatment is worth more attention. Eggs not only have been known as a “functional food” to combat diseases and facilitate the promotion of optimal health, but also have numerous industrial applications. The current review focuses on different perceptions and non-food applications of eggs, including cosmetics. The versatility of eggs from an industrial perspective makes them a potential candidate for further exploration of several novel components.

The Effect of Variation of Raw Material Ratio on Hydrogel Based on K-Carrageean - Acrylamide as a Carrier of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer

Hydrogels based on natural polymers such as carrageenan are currently being developed to improve efficiency in agriculture. By enriching hydrogels with fertilizers, they will be released slowly into the soil. Enrichment of fertilizers on carrageenan-based hydrogels was carried out and analyzed with the response of swelling ability, gel fraction value of grafting degree, to the hydrogel's ability to release the fertilizer trapped in it. Carrageenan is used because its use as a natural polymer has not been widely explored, especially in the non-food sector. The results showed that the average swelling value of carrageenan-based hydrogel to ammonium nitrate solution ranged from 750.00% - 1,633.33%. The gel fraction values obtained ranged from 74.06% to 87.51%, and the degree of grafting ranged from 85.33% to 93.59%. These values indicate a relatively high degree of tissue density and grafting of acrylamide monomer on carrageenan, which means that the carrageenan:AAm based hydrogel has strong mechanical properties. The ability to release ammonium nitrate samples from the hydrogel carrageenan-based has a value ranging from 8.86% to 44.92% in five days of observation. Interpretation of the test results, the best ratio of carrageenan:AAm is 1:1, due to its relatively low release value but still has good swelling and mechanical properties.Keywords: Hydrogel; Carrageenan; Acrilamyde; Fertilizer release

Развитие дарксторов как конкурентоспособной формы доставки товаров

The aim of the scientific article is to study the transition of retail entities from the store format to the e-commerce format using the competitive advantages of dark stores. The subject of the research is competitive advantages when using high-tech and flexible forms of supply chains and in the delivery of goods. The relevance of the scientific article is due to the fact that the pace of development of online trade in 2018-2020 testifies to the growth of the largest companies in the e-commerce sector annually. This growth is due to high-tech trend trends that have been actively developing in recent years. They are structurally formed into a single system, the elements of which are: the use of Big data, the digital transformation of trade business processes, the integration of global marketing technologies, the use of smart forecasting and analysis of consumer behavior, personalization, orientation towards virtual content. This system is inherently aimed at the globalized development of trade relations. The authors investigate the essence of the concept of “dark store”, analyze the competitiveness of this phenomenon in e-commerce in modern conditions. Dark stores promote the development of a new generation of commerce, with competitive advantages, they do not interfere with existing production and distribution processes, but rather complement them. Currently, all large trade organizations of the food and non-food sectors are engaged in electronic commerce. First of all, online commerce is organized through online stores and marketplaces, but there are still many other electronic means of making a transaction - this is a page on a social network or a chatbot of a messenger, dark stores that require additional research. It is appropriate to characterize such marketplaces as aggregator sites playing the role of specialized structural intermediaries with a stable base engaged in the sale and distribution of the products of commercial agents. E-commerce in the dark store format thus contributes to the high-quality and competitive development of global economic ties.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN KUALITAS MUTU KARAGINAN RUMPUT LAUT DI INDONESIA

Carrageenan is a product produced from the extraction process of red seaweed (Rhodophyceae). Carrageenan can be used in various business fields, both in the food and non-food sectors, which function as a gelling additive, binder, emulsifier and stabilizer. The research method used is Literature Review with data collection and screening that has inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained indicate that the quality characteristics and quality for water content and average gel strength have not met the established standards, while the yield value, ash content and average viscosity have met the quality standards set by FAO, FCC and EEC. . The factors that greatly affect the characteristics and quality of carrageenan from seaweed are alkaline concentration, seaweed harvesting age, temperature and extraction time as well as the type and environmental conditions where the seaweed grows.

Place of Environmental Management in Ukraine in the System of Modeling Management of Sustainable Development of the Region

The level of dependence of the ecological state and its management in the Khmelnytsky region of Ukraine on the welfare of the population of this region is analyzed. The relationship between the level of income of the population of the region and the level of motivation of the same population in the sorting of buildings using a systematic approach within the ecological and economic system. The shift of consumption by the population of the region from the non-food sector to the food sector causes not only a change in parity in the triangle "man - business entity - nature", but also proves the lack of public interest in sorting household waste. This level of social responsibility and motivation of the region's population will indicate non-compliance with the goals of sustainable development of the region. The model of dependence of need for sorting of waste on the level of income of the population offered by us in article confirms it. The forecast of income growth of the population of Khmelnytsky region makes it possible to make assumptions about the growing interest of the population in sorting household waste, which will ultimately contribute to the sustainable development of the region

The potential of chitosan from comb-pen (Atrina pectinata) shell waste on the characteristics of hand body cream

The comb-pen shell is one of the sources of chitosan, which is a natural substance derived from chitin and could found in Indonesia. In the non-food sector, chitosan can used as antibacterial, antioxidant, and thickening on hand body cream ingredients. This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition chitosan from comb-pen shell waste to the characteristics of hand body cream. The parameters, including pH, TPC, and Homogeneity were tested on the first day and after fourteen-day storage at room temperature. The pH test results ranges from 7.8 to 8.0. The TPC test result is <10 CFU/25 g in every sample on both test. The hand body cream homogeneity has the same homogeneity level between the control and the treatment samples. The viscosity results were obtained from literature studies regarding the manufacture of hand body cream using chitosan from small crab (Portunus pelagicus) shells. The characteristics of hand body cream has a good result on every parameter tests shown that are fulfilled the standard of Indonesia Nasional Standards (SNI). The addition of chitosan from comb-pen shell (Atrina pectinata) waste affects the characteristics of hand body cream.

Multi-target response surface optimization of the aqueous extraction of Macauba kernel oil

Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a promising tropical palm for the production of vegetable oil for both the food and non-food sectors. In this work, a multi-target response surface optimization of the aqueous extraction of Macauba kernel oil aimed to maximize the oil yield and minimize the free acidy and peroxide value. High yield was achieved at a high pH, long extraction periods and moderate temperatures, but these conditions contributed to elevating the peroxide value of the oil. On the other hand, pH presented the only significant effect on the oil’s acidity, which decreased with the increase in pH in the aqueous medium. Therefore, the multi-target response surface optimization based on a desirability approach showed that pH 11, room temperature (25 °C) and a 60 min agitation time was preferred to obtain high yield and low free acidity and peroxide values. These conditions resulted in 30% yield (63.1% of the yield obtained by solvent extraction), 0.3% free acidity, and a peroxide value of 2.9 meqO2/kg. The oil from the optimized aqueous extraction had a higher saturated fatty acid content compared to that from solvent extraction, especially fatty acids with &lt; 14 carbon atoms, which can make the oil harder and more useful for producing special fats for specific food applications.

E-commerce and the end of price rigidity?

Online grocery platforms play an increasing role in many countries’ food sectors. However, little is known about their pricing strategies. Are online prices less rigid than prices in brick-and-mortar stores, as theoretical and empirical studies from non-food sectors suggest? What does an acquisition by an internet giant imply for price adjustments in a formerly traditional offline store? Using a large data set of daily Amazon Fresh price quotes, we analyze the frequency and magnitude of price changes online. We find highly frequent and mostly small price adjustments for all major food categories sold by Amazon Fresh. For products from Whole Foods Market, which was acquired by Amazon in 2017 and whose assortment has since then been distributed online and offline, price behavior is completely different: Prices continue to be sticky and to follow traditional offline retail pricing patterns. We conclude that Amazon has indeed introduced a new way of dynamic pricing into food retail. However, at least until now this change is limited to Amazon Fresh’s online channels and has not yet spread to the acquired Whole Foods Market stores.

Safety and passivation of faecal contamination in waste

Absorbent hygiene wastes like nappies and incontinence pads are ubiquitous in municipal and healthcare waste streams around the world as they are convenient products used in child-care and adult incontinence management. Absorbent Hygiene Product (AHP) manufacturing is resource-intensive as the products are required to be of the highest value as they are in almost-constant contact with sensitive body parts. The potential for recovering such valuable resources such as cellulose-based fibres and super-absorbent polymers for reuse in non-food sectors like the construction and wastewater industries has been considered in this study. Appropriate decontamination via chemical methods have been examined using AHPs contaminated with human-associated bacteria. Findings suggest that for simulated AHP wastes inoculated with 108–109 CFU g-1 of human-associated bacteria like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes, a 1:1 ratio of 0.5% calcium hypochlorite/AHP waste is adequate to inactivate the bacteria particularly when combined with an inorganic salt for at least 60 min. Specifically, 4 to 5 log10 reductions were observed. Following such disinfection, material storage and temperatures above 25ºC minimise incidences of microbial regrowth. The disinfection protocol was not found to adversely affect the AHP quality. Overall, such findings suggest that AHP recycling is a potential alternative to current AHP waste disposal practices like incineration (with or without energy recovery) and landfilling.

Moisture adsorption in water caltrop (Trapa bispinosaRoxb.) pericarps: Thermodynamic properties and glass transition

AbstractMoisture sorption isotherms of water caltrop pericarp (WCP) powders were determined at 20, 30, and 40°C over water activity (Aw) range of 0.11 and 0.97. The adsorption isotherms decreased with the increase of temperature and exhibited Type II BET adsorption characteristics. The monolayer moisture content values calculated by the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Bor equation were found to be 0.0561, 0.0509, and 0.0409 g/g solids at 20, 30, and 40°C, respectively. The values of net isosteric heat of adsorption and differential entropy decreased from 26.094 to 0.250 kJ/mol, 76.665 to 0.358 J mol−1 K−1 with water content varying from 0.30 to 0.07 g/g solids, respectively. The isokinetic theory showed that the water adsorption process of WCP powders was governed by enthalpy. The values of specific surface area available for adsorption at 20, 30, and 40°C were 198.95, 180.40, and 145.11 m2/g, respectively. The spreading pressure increased with the increase of Aw values at a fixed temperature and decreased when temperature rising at a given Aw level. The effective pore size for WCP powders increased with the increment of water content and temperature, ranging from 1.648 to 21.761 nm. The glass transition temperature (T g) of WCP powders was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and its values decreased from 72.34 to 2.42°C as water content ranged from 0.0499 to 0.352 g/g solids. The result showed that WCP powders remained stable at 30°C when the moisture content was lower than 0.149 g/g solids.Practical applicationsWater caltrop (Trapa bispinosa Roxb) has been widely cultivated in China and other Southeast Asia because of its medical functions and delicious taste. The micronized water caltrop pericarp (WCP) is an excellent source of dietary fiber and phenolics and has been applied in various food and nonfood sectors. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of water adsorption isotherms of WCP powders. In addition, a state diagram was established based on the water activity concept and glass transition theory. The results documented in this study will help design the energy process for producing WCP powders and predicting storage stability.

Extraction and crosslinking of bromelain aggregates for improved stability and reusability from pineapple processing waste

The present study is first of its kind that focuses upon the extraction of bromelain from pineapple core waste and stabilising it as insoluble cross-linked aggregates. The influence of process variables such as the choice of precipitant, type of cross-linker, concentration of cross-linker and the reaction time for cross-linking step was investigated upon the activity recovery of bromelain cross-linked aggregates. The optimization of this biocatalyst preparation specifically recovered 87% of the enzymatic activity available in pineapple core waste by ammonium sulphate (60%, w/v) precipitation followed by cross-linking for 4 h with 80 mM glutaraldehyde. Cross-linked bromelain aggregates were thermally more stable and exhibited higher pH stability in comparison to free bromelain. The cross-linked bromelain aggregates exhibited higher operational stability in different organic solvents at 4 °C. The highest operational stability (% stability given in parenthesis) was observed in acetone (100%) followed by hexane (53.6%), ethyl acetate (39.6%), ethanol (32.5%) and chloroform (14.9%). The kinetic studies revealed higher Km value (5.45 mM) after the formation of cross-linked bromelain aggregates as compared to free bromelain (5.04 mM) with almost similar Vmax values. Cross-linked bromelain aggregates also showed significant reusability characteristics with an activity retention of >85% after 5-time cycles. Such recyclability of bromelain cross-linked aggregates could lead to potential industrial applications in both food and non-food sector. In addition, the present extraction method avoids costs related to purification and expensive immobilization carriers.

Wishful thinking or wise policy? Theorising tourism-led inclusive growth: Supply chains and host communities

• Tourism contributes to employment overall, but precarious work conditions and low pay may limit opportunities for poverty alleviation. • The opportunities for tourism-led inclusive growth decrease as destinations are developed or redeveloped to maximise tourist growth and spend. • Economic linkages to local economies are weakened despite the clear potential for strengthening backward linkages in food and non-food sectors. • Low-income households and SME businesses are most affected by large-scale tourism projects with loss of land, business premises and livelihoods. • Privileging large capital, foreign firms and crony conglomerates is a regional trend and a major hurdle for tourism-led inclusive growth policy. Tourism is perceived as driving economic growth for developing countries by generating employment, income and government revenue. In debates over the relationship between economic growth and poverty alleviation, the inclusive growth paradigm emerged in World Bank, OECD and other development publications, becoming a UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 8). However, inclusive growth remains highly contested, and specifically, tourism’s role in economic growth has been little discussed. This paper contributes to the debate by interrogating tourism-led inclusive growth using evidence from developing economies in South-East Asia, a region with booming international tourism. It raises the fundamental question whether tourism-led growth can be inclusive in the short- to medium-term, drawing on evidence from fieldwork in Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia and Myanmar. Fieldwork utilised a rapid rural appraisal approach using qualitative methods, mainly semi-structured interviews. Although tourism can generate employment overall, this can be precarious and poorly paid, limiting opportunities for poverty alleviation. Tourism-led growth may widen inequalities in host communities and weaken backward linkages to the local economy, despite its potential for strengthening such linkages to food and non-food sectors. Remoteness and transportation also weaken such linkages. Low-income households and locally owned businesses are most affected by the construction of large-scale tourism projects – which although increasing overall tourist arrivals and expenditure - can result in the loss of land, business premises and livelihoods. In addition, privileging large capital, foreign firms and crony conglomerates is a regional trend and a major obstacle for tourism-led inclusive growth policy. Ownership patterns and destination governance also play critical roles in defining a destination’s direction/pace of development, steering it towards or away from tourism-led inclusive growth. Given tourism’s significance for many developing countries, the paper contributes to wider debates over inclusive growth both for theorising, and in its policy relevance for national development strategies and poverty alleviation.