Nickel Salts Research Articles

Streptococcus mitis enhances metal-induced apoptosis in reconstructed human gingiva but not skin

BackgroundCommensal bacteria colonizing oral mucosa and skin play an essential role in maintaining host-microbiome homeostasis. It is unknown whether cytotoxicity resulting from metal ions leaching from medical devices may be influenced by commensal microbes. ObjectiveDetermine whether the extent of apoptosis triggered by nickel or titanium ions is influenced by Streptococcus mitis and whether apoptosis occurs via the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptosis pathway. MethodsReconstructed Human Gingiva (RHG) and Skin (RHS) were topically exposed to titanium or nickel salts in the presence or absence of S. mitis. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and Western Blot. ResultsS. mitis alone resulted in negligible cytotoxicity. After metal exposure, localized apoptosis was observed in the epithelium and fibroblasts within the lamina propria hydrogel of both RHG and RHS. S. mitis enhanced metal-mediated apoptosis in gingiva but not in skin. Apoptosis was mediated via the extrinsic pathway caspase 8. Activation of the execution phase of apoptosis occurred via caspases 3 and 7, and PARP-1. ConclusionOur study supports the finding that metals have irritant, cytotoxic properties resulting in apoptosis when leaching into skin or gingiva. Particularly for gingiva, commensal microbes exaggerate this detrimental effect.

Dual-metal-based (Mo, Ni) MOFs nanoplates for enhanced corrosion resistance and frictional resistance of epoxy resin on magnesium alloy surfaces

Magnesium alloys face severe corrosion issues due to their high electrochemical activity. In recent years, polymer coatings containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential in improving the corrosion resistance of metals. In this study, nickel salts and molybdate were used as metal sources, and 4,4′-bipyridine was used as the organic ligand. For the first time, a nickel and molybdenum-based metal-organic framework (Mo-Ni-MOF) was synthesized via hydrothermal method. Mo-Ni-MOFs were then incorporated as nanofillers into epoxy resin and coated on AK61M magnesium alloy to enhance its long-term corrosion resistance. Characterization tests including FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD and XPS confirmed the successful reaction between metal ions and organic ligands, indicating successful coordination. TEM analysis revealed that the MOFs consisted of nanosheets with diameters ranging from 20 to 100 nm. BET analysis demonstrated the porous structure of the synthesized nanoparticles, with a high specific surface area ranging from 6 to 44 m2.g−1 and an average pore size ranging from 9 to 32 nm. Salt spray tests demonstrated that MOFs synthesized under different conditions exhibited superior long-term corrosion resistance compared to pure epoxy coatings in artificial scratch coating performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing revealed a three-order-of-magnitude enhancement in |Z| at 0.01 Hz for the most effective MOF compared to pure epoxy resin. Tafel tests showed a significant decrease in corrosion current, with reductions of 2–3 orders of magnitude. Friction tests revealed a decrease in the coefficient of friction after the addition of MOFs, with reductions ranging from 0.1 to 0.4, indicating improved durability of the coating against friction.

Nickel Salt Dependency as Catalyst in the Plating Bath on the Film Properties of Cu/Cu-Ni

Metal plating frequently employs nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) as anodes. Cu/ Cu-Ni film formed has many advantages, such as better corrosion resistance and high hardness characteristics. This study aims to assess the properties of Cu/Cu-Ni film, such as phase, surface morphology, crystallographic orientation, hardness, corrosion analysis, and contact angle, which were fabricated using electrodeposition with various Ni salt additions (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 M). In addition, the cathode current efficiency (CCE) and deposition rate of the Cu/Cu-Ni electrodeposition were also investigated. An increase in Ni salt in the plating bath could enhance the pH, promoting higher CCE and depleting hydrogen evolution at the cathode, leading to the presenting Ni phase in the alloy. The higher concentration of Ni salt in the solution could also enhance the deposition rate due to a shift to a pH value, which affects the roughening of the surface morphology, promoting a higher contact angle. All crystal structures generated by Cu/Cu-Ni electrodeposition were FCC, with the preferred orientation of the (111) plane. Crystallite size and lattice strain depend on the deposition rate. Less crystallite size and lattice strain affect the film’s hardness and corrosion resistance. Moreover, the third bath had the resulting Cu-Ni layer with the best hardness and corrosion rate of around 136 HV and 0.081 mmpy.

Recovery of high-quality iron phosphate from acid-leaching tailings of laterite nickel ore

Laterite nickel ore is rich in nickel and iron resources, and the nickel element is extracted in the form of nickel salt. However, the acid-leaching tailings of laterite nickel ore (LTLNO), which contain valuable iron resources, have not been cost-effectively recovered. In this work, we designed a novel method to extract iron from LTLNO and recycle it into high-valuable iron phosphate products using only phosphoric acid and iron powder. We explored the effects of reaction parameters, such as phosphoric acid concentration, iron powder dosage, time, and temperature, on the leaching behavior of key elements. The results showed that the iron leaching rate was as high as 96.54 % when using 3.5 mol/L phosphoric acid with a liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 5 mL/g and an iron powder dosage based on the Fe/Fen+ ratio of 0.5 after 3 h at 25 °C, and a final high-purity FePO4 (99.4 %) was obtained. Kinetic analysis revealed that the leaching reaction was controlled by the diffusion through the neogenetic layer, and the leaching reactions were thermodynamically favorable. This method allows for a simpler and more efficient recovery of iron and the products of higher-value iron phosphate products than other LTLNO recycling technologies. Additionally, it offers a total economic benefit of $134/t for LTLNO treatment, demonstrating great prospects for industrial application.

Sonochemical decomposition effects of nickelocene aiming for low-temperature and dispersant-free synthesis of nickel fine particle

Sonochemical decomposition effects of nickelocene, which sublimates easily were investigated to synthesize dispersant-free nickel fine particles at low temperature. In a hydrazine monohydrate and 2-propanol mixed solvent, the reduction of nickelocene was promoted by ultrasound irradiation, and nickel fine particles were synthesized while precluding the sublimation of nickelocene. Unlike the common hydrazine reduction of nickel salts, which requires multiple-step reactions, nickelocene was reduced directly without forming intermediates. The effect of the water-bath temperature (20–60 °C) was investigated, where larger fine particles were synthesized using a higher water-bath temperature (60 °C). When irradiated at 20 °C, the reduction rate of nickelocene was low, leading to the formation of nickel fine particles and organic nanoparticles via the reduction and decomposition of nickelocene. The ultrasound frequency was also investigated, where fine nickel particles were synthesized using low-frequency ultrasound irradiation. The formation of high-temperature hotspots led to the diffusion and growth of nickel on the surface of the nickel fine particles; therefore, raspberry-like nickel fine particles were synthesized. In this study, the difficult-to-handle nature of nickelocene, owing to its sublimation properties, was easily overcome by ultrasound irradiation. Instantaneous and localized reactions at hotspots contributed to inhibiting particle growth. Furthermore, Ni fine particles were synthesized via a direct reduction pathway, which differs from previous reactions. This method represents a new, dispersant-free, low-temperature process for synthesizing Ni fine particles.

Simple Solution Plasma Synthesis of Ni@NiO as High-Performance Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Application.

Pursuing of straightforward and cost-effective methods for synthesizing high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries is a topic of significant interest. This study elucidates a one-step synthesis approach for a conversion composite using glow discharge in a nickel formate solution, yielding a composite precursor comprising metallic nickel, nickel hydroxide, and basic nickel salts. Subsequent annealing of the precursor facilitated the formation of the Ni@NiO composite, exhibiting exceptional electrochemical properties as anode material in Li-ion batteries: a capacity of approximately 1000 mAh g-1, cyclic stability exceeding 100 cycles, and favorable rate performance (200 mAh g-1 at 10 A g<M-.1). Comparative analysis across various methods for synthesizing NiO-based materials underscored the superiority of the Ni@NiO composite. Furthermore, an assessment of resource costs demonstrated the cost-effectiveness and scalability of the approach in terms of resource consumption per Ah. Lastly, the integration of a Ni@NiO anode with an NMC532 cathode in a full battery highlights Ni@NiO's potential for conversion anodes, achieving a practical gravimetric energy density of 92 Wh kg-1.

A Titanium-Based Metal-Organic Framework For Tandem Metallaphotocatalysis.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered substantial attention for their unique properties, such as high porosity and tunable structures, making them versatile for various applications. This paper constructs photoactive titanium-organic frameworks by combining Ti(IV) clusters and a bipyridine linker. The MOF is synthesized in situ through imine condensation, resulting in NU-2300. Subsequent ex situ nickel salt complexation results in NU-2300-Ni, which is then used for light-mediated carbon-heteroatom cross-couplings. The photophysical properties of the metallaphotocatalyst were investigated by UV-vis and EPR analyses, and both the Ti cluster and the bipyridine linker were found to contribute to successful catalysis, making it a tandem catalyst. The heterogeneous material retained its performance through five cycles of thioetherification. This work contributes not only to MOF synthetic strategies but also to expanding MOF applications as recyclable, tandem metallaphotocatalysts.

Exploring the molecular structure and in vitro biological potential of newly synthesized Fe(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) coordination compounds with 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole and phenylalanine ligands

This study presents a thorough investigation into the synthesis, characterization, computational analysis, and biological evaluation of FePBZPHA, CoPBZPHA, and NiPBZPHA mixed-ligand complexes. They were synthesized in high yields via reactions between chloride salts of Iron, Cobalt, or Nickel with 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (PBZ) and Phenylalanine (PHA). They underwent extensive spectroscopic, elemental, conductivity, magnetic, and thermal analysis to confirm their formation. Molar conductivity measurements indicated their non-electrolytic nature, with UV–vis spectra revealing distinct absorption bands for PBZ and PHA ligands, shifting significantly upon metal ion coordination. Stoichiometry determination confirmed the 1:1:1 (M:PBZ:PHA) ratio, while FT-IR spectra comparison elucidated intricate binding modes, supported by mass spectra and elemental analysis. Thermal analysis revealed their thermal stability and decomposition pathways. DFT calculations unveiled octahedral coordination geometries and enhanced electron affinity, electronegativity, and reactivity of metal complexes. Biological evaluation showcased significantly enhanced efficacy of metal complexes in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, with FePBZPHA exhibiting the highest potency. Molecular docking analysis highlighted their potential as therapeutic agents, with metal complexation enhancing binding affinity and interaction versatility. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the synthesis, characterization, computational analysis, and biological evaluation of FePBZPHA, CoPBZPHA, and NiPBZPHA mixed-ligand complexes, suggesting promising applications in biomedicine and materials science.

Synthesis, structural characterization, density functional theory, anticancer, and antimicrobic studies of Ni2+ and Cu2+ complexes encompassing tridentate ONS‐donor azo‐thiosemicarbazone

This study focuses on the synthesis of azo‐thiosemicarbazone ligand, which is designed by reacting 2‐hydroxy‐5‐(phenyldiazenyl)benzaldehyde with hydrazine carbothioamide. Hence, this ligand was exploited for chelation with nickel and cupric salts in (1 M:1 L) molar ratio. These synthetics were structurally investigated using a variety of physical, analytical, and spectroscopic (1D/2D‐NMR, UV–Vis, FT‐IR, and E‐mass) tools as well as theoretically. The finding demonstrated that the resulting azo‐thiosemicarbazone (H4Azo‐TSC) bonded with the nickel and cupric ions as mono/di‐basic tridentate chelators, binding them via deprotonated phenolic oxygen, imino nitrogen, and thionic/thiol sulfur atoms adopting square planar geometry. The theoretical investigation was examined by DFT/B3LYP/LanL2dZ, including energetic parameters, HOMO‐LUMO energy gap, dipole moment, and geometrical optimization, which were applied to support the complexes' geometrical structure. The in vitro microbicidal activities of the azo‐thiosemicarbazone, compared with its Ni2+ and Cu2+ complexes, display superior activity over the metal complexes against different bacterial and fungal species. The anticancer efficacy of the synthetics was tested against human lung fibroblast (WI38) and mammary gland breast cancer (MCF‐7) compared with Doxorubicin as a standard drug. The cytotoxic efficiency of metallic complexes exceeded that of un‐chelated azo‐thiosemicarbazone. The most effective complex is Ni2+ complex with IC50 equal to 11.75 and 14.05 μg/ml, respectively. It has been demonstrated that Ni2+ and Cu2+ complexes are more biocompatible than free azo‐thiosemicarbazone; this finding may be related to the chelation process.

Synthesis of Green Brucite [NixMg1−x(OH)2] by Incorporation of Nickel Ions in the Periclase Phase (MgO) Applied as Pigments

Magnesium oxide is typically white and can be colorized with transition metal insertion by doping. We present the preparation of a green-colored hydroxide by the exchange of Mg2+ on the crystalline lattice with Ni2+ in MgO, using three nickel salts. MgOst was prepared by the colloidal starch suspension method, using cassava starch. The oxides and hydroxides, before and after, were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and show that a phase change occurs: a transition from periclase (MgO) to brucite (Mg(OH)2) due to the incorporation of nickel ions from different salts (acetate, chloride, and nitrate), resulting in the solid solution [NixMg1−x(OH)2]. The FTIR spectrum corroborates the crystallographic structure identified through XRD patterns, confirming the formation of a crystal structure resembling brucite. The new samples present a green color, indicative of the incorporation of the Ni2+ ions. The antimicrobial activity of products resulting from the doping of magnesium oxide with nickel and the precursor MgOst was assessed through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. The evaluation included three bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella gallinarum (ATCC 9184), and a yeast strain, Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The obtained results were promising; the tested samples exhibited antimicrobial activity, with a MIC ranging from 0.312 to 0.625 μg.μL−1. The nickel compound, derived from the precursor chloride salt, demonstrated superior MIC activity. Notably, all tested samples displayed bactericidal activity against the S. aureus strain and exhibited a broad spectrum of inhibition, encompassing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Only the nickel compounds derived from precursors with acetate and nitrate anions demonstrated antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, exhibiting a fungistatic behavior. Based on the conducted studies, [NixMg1−x(OH)2] has emerged as a promising antimicrobial agent, suitable for applications requiring the delay or inhibition of bacterial growth.

Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydrosilylation of Alkynes: Embracing Conventional and Electrochemical Routes.

Nickel-catalyzed intramolecular hydrosilylation can be efficiently achieved with high regio- and stereoselectivities through two distinct methodologies. The first approach utilizes a conventional method, involving the reduction of nickel salt (NiBr2-2,2'-bipyridine) using manganese metal. The second method employs a one-step electrochemical reaction, utilizing the sacrificial anode process and NiBr2bipy catalysis. Both methods yield silylated heterocycles in good to high yields through a syn-exo-dig cyclization process. Control experiments and molecular electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry) provided further insights into the reaction mechanism.

Interfacial engineering layered bimetallic oxyhydroxides for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

Transition metal-based oxyhydroxides (MOOH) have garnered significant attention as promising catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). However, the direct synthesis of MOOH poses challenges due to the instability of trivalent cobalt and nickel salts, attrivuted to their high oxidation states. In this study, theoretical computations predicted that Co(OH)2 nanosheets are exclusively formed on carbon structures, owing to the stronger binding energy between CoOOH and CC compared to Co(OH)2. Furthermore, the presence of FeOOH interface reduces the binding energy between CoOOH and carbon structure. Experiment evidence confirms that CoOOH can be directly synthesized through controlled epitaxial growth on an FeOOH interface using a hydrothermal method. Moreover, the in-situ doping of iron leads to the formation of high-quality Fe0.35Co0.65OOH with exceptional OER performance, displaying a low overpotential of 240 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 43 mV dec-1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations uncover the substantial enhancement of oxygen-containing species adsorption abilities by Fe0.35Co0.65OOH, resulting in improved OER activity. This work presents a promising strategy for the efficient preparation of layered cobalt oxyhydroxides, enabling efficient energy conversion and storage.

Pyrolysis temperature effect on the efficacy of biochar/CuNi composite catalysts for emerging pollutant degradation

Sugarcane pulp bagasse biochar (SCPBB) was produced through pyrolysis from 500 to 900 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, and their SCPBB/CuNi composites was produced through wetness impregnation with copper and nickel salts followed by pyrolysis. The impact of pyrolysis temperature on SCPBB and SCPBB/CuNi for physic-chemical properties was evaluated. SEM images that spherical bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on the surface of the biochar matrix, and the size of the nanoparticles increased with increasing temperature. In particular, when the pyrolysis temperature is higher than 700 °C, the nanoparticles on the surface exhibit novel structures that are partially embedded or completely enclosed within the porous biochar matrix. FT-IR ATR and Raman spectra proved that SCPBB materials contain abundant surface functional groups and carbonaceous structures, which were preserved by the introduction of metal nanoparticles. TGA demonstrated SCPBB-500 biochar started to lose mass quickly first, followed by SCPBB-700 and finally SCPBB-900, and the weight residues of SCPBB/CuNi increased by 30 %-34 % compared with SCPBB. In addition, the catalytic performance of the synthesized material was explored for the degradation of malachite green (MG) representing dye molecules, Amoxicillin (AMX) representing pharmaceuticals, and methyl-parabens (MP) representing personal care products contaminants. Each SCPBB/CuNi sample showed catalytic degradation performance under Advanted oxidation processes (AOPs), among which the SCPBB/CuNi catalyst obtained by pyrolysis temperature 500 °C performed best. Hence, SCPBB/CuNi demonstrates promising potential as a multifunctional catalyst for diverse environmental pollutants in wastewater treatments.

Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and biological activity of 4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzylideneamino)phenol and complexes

Molecular nanoclusters comprising a heterometallic 3d-4f stoichiometry are an interesting class of compounds. In this paper, a chloro-containing Schiff base 4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzylideneamino)phenol (H2L) was prepared by condensation reaction of 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde with 2-amino-4-chlorophenol in methanol. The Schiff base is predisposed to chelate within a cluster core both 3d and 4f metal ions. Reaction of H2L with nickel salts afforded a tetranuclear NiII complex [Ni4L4(MeOH)4] (1), while with nickel salts and lanthanide(III) nitrate three tetranuclear NiII-LnIII complexes [Ni2Eu2L4(NO3)2(DMF)2] (2), [Ni2Er2L4(NO3)2(DMF)2] (3), [Ni2Tb2L4(CH3COO)2(DMF)2]·4DMF (4) were obtained. H2L and the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis spectra. H2L has also been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Molecular structures of the compounds have been determined by single crystal X-ray determination. In the complexes, the Schiff base ligands coordinate to the metal atoms via ether oxygen, imino nitrogen and two phenolate oxygen atoms. All the Ni atoms in the complexes are in octahedral coordination. The rare earth metal atoms are eight coordinated by the phenolate and ether oxygen of the Schiff base ligands, and anionic and solvent oxygen atoms, forming square antiprismatic coordination. The compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and antifungal activities on Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, and gave interesting results.

Synthesis and polyester printing applications of transition metal complexes of tridentate 5-(m-tolyldiazenyl)salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives

Thiosemicarbazone metal complexes are intriguing molecules with a variety of applications in several fields, including the pharmaceutical sector, analytical chemistry, and textile industries. Here, we designed and synthesized 12 transition metal complexes based on thiosemicarbazone as a tridendate group and azo moiety as a chromophore part, in addition to evaluating their color strength and fastness properties. The tridentate ligand derivatives of 5-(m-tolyldiazenyl)salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone reacted with four transition metal salts (copper, cobalt, nickel, and iron salts) in refluxing alkaline ethanol to afford the corresponding thiosemicarbazone complexes. The ligands behaved as double-deprotonated tridentate ligands that connected to the transition metal ions through the deprotonation of phenolic-OH and thiol-SH, as well as the azomethine nitrogen atom, to generate fused five- and six-membered heterocycle rings. The obtained metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, atomic absorption, IR, and UV–Vis spectra. The color strength and fastness properties of the printed fabrics were tested, showing good to excellent properties.

Design of Experiments for Optimized Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Ni Nanoparticles: A Green Chemistry Approach

AbstractMetallic nickel nanoparticles supported on a high specific surface area carbon powder were synthesized by a classical polyol method without external reducing agent or surfactant. Ni/C materials were characterized by TGA, XRD, cyclic and linear voltammetry. To decrease the number of experiments, a Taguchi design of experiments (DoE) was implemented and the effects of different synthesis parameters (nature of the nickel salt, loading of Ni on carbon, nNaOH/nNi ratio and reaction time at reflux) on different responses (crystallite size, electrochemically active surface area and current density for the glucose oxidation reaction at 1.5 V) determined. Optimization of parameter values for decreasing the crystallite size down to 14 nm was achieved using the DoE. For the other responses, strong interactions between parameters avoided straightforward optimization of parameter values. However, some trends could be drawn from the experimental matrix showing that the synthesis of a catalyst loaded with only 10 wt% Ni, with NiCl2 as precursor salt, with a nNaOH/nNi ratio of 6 for 80 minutes at reflux was a good compromise between atom, time and energy savings, costs efficiencies, and electrochemically active surface area and catalytic activity towards the glucose oxidation reaction, particularly in terms of mass activity.

Deactivation of nickel/biochar catalyst through metal-volatiles interaction in pyrolysis of poplar sawdust loaded with nickel salt

Metal/biochar is an important category of catalyst that can be prepared via direct impregnation of metal salt to a biomass feedstock. However, during pyrolysis of metal salt@biomass for catalyst preparation, metal-volatiles interaction might affect exposure or dispersion of metal species. To verify this, loading of nickel acetate to poplar sawdust directly and to the sawdust-derived biochar was conducted to prepare Ni/biochar and biochar/Ni at 500 or 750 °C, aiming to understand the effect of metal-volatiles interaction on exposure of nickel species in resulting Ni/biochar. The results indicated Ni species catalyzed cracking, dehydrogenation, and reforming reactions in sawdust pyrolysis, producing more bio-oil/gases at the expense of biochar and also making biochar of higher aromatic degree with improved thermal stability. The in-situ IR characterizations also evidenced high activity of Ni towards dehydration and cracking of carbonyls for enhancing aromatization of biochar. In biochar/Ni catalysts prepared via loading nickel to biochar, little metal-volatiles interaction existed and nickel species weakly interacted with the biochar, resulting in remarkable migration and agglomeration of nickel, forming nickel size of 2–3 times larger than that in Ni/biochar. However, biochar/Ni possessed higher capability for adsorption/activation of H2, thus exhibiting superior catalytic activity than Ni/biochar for hydrogenation of phenolics.

Hypothesizing the Green Synthesis of Tamoxifen Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death all over the world and is not only limited to females but also affects males. For estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, tamoxifen has been considered the gold-line therapy for many decades. However, due to the side effects associated with the use of tamoxifen, its use is only limited to individuals in high-risk groups and limits its clinical application to moderate and/or lower-risk groups. Thus, there is a necessity to decrease the dose of tamoxifen, which can be achieved by targeting the drug to breast cancer cells and limiting its absorption to other body parts. Artificial antioxidants used in the formulation preparation are assumed to upsurge the risk of cancer and liver damage in humans. The need of the hour is to explore bioefficient antioxidants from natural plant sources as they are safer and additionally possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The objective of this hypothesis is to prepare tamoxifen-loaded PEGylated NiO nanoparticles using green chemistry, tumbling the toxic effects of the conventional method of synthesis for targeted delivery to breast cancer cells. The significance of the work is to hypothesize a green method for the synthesis of NiO nanoparticles that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, decrease multidrug resistance, and can be used for targeted therapy. Garlic extract contains an organosulfur compound (Allicin) which has drug-metabolizing, anti-oxidant, and tumour growth inhibition effects. In breast cancer, allicin sensitizes estrogen receptors, increasing the anticancer efficacy of tamoxifen and reducing offsite toxicity. Thus, this garlic extract would act as a reducing agent and a capping agent. The use of nickel salt can help in targeted delivery to breast cancer cells and, in turn, reduces drug toxicity in different organs. This novel strategy may aim for cancer management with less toxic agents acting as an apt therapeutic modality.

Transport Properties in Multicomponent Systems Containing Cyclodextrins and Nickel Ions.

In this work, we propose a comprehensive experimental study of the diffusion of nickel ions in combination with different cyclodextrins as carrier molecules for enhanced solubility and facilitated transport. For this, ternary mutual diffusion coefficients measured by Taylor dispersion method are reported for aqueous solutions containing nickel salts and different cyclodextrins (that is, α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD) at 298.15 K. A combination of Taylor dispersion and other methods, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, will be used to obtain complementary information on these systems. The determination of the physicochemical properties of these salts with CDs in aqueous solution provides information that allows us to understand solute-solvent interactions, and gives a significant contribution to understanding the mechanisms underlying diffusional transport in aqueous solutions, and, consequently, to mitigating the potential toxicity associated with these metal ions. For example, using mutual diffusion data, it is possible to estimate the number of moles of each ion transported per mole of the cyclodextrin driven by its own concentration gradient.

Electrochemical Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation

AbstractOlefin hydrogenation is one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis. Electrochemical transition metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation is an attractive approach to replace the dangerous hydrogen gas with electrons and protons. However, this reaction poses major challenges due to rapid hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of metal‐hydride species that outcompetes alkene hydrogenation step, and facile deposition of the metal catalyst at the electrode that stalls reaction. Here we report an economical and efficient strategy to achieve high selectivity for hydrogenation reactivity over the well‐established HER. Using an inexpensive and bench‐stable nickel salt as the catalyst, this mild reaction features outstanding substrate generality and functional group compatibility, and distinct chemoselectivity. In addition, hydrodebromination of alkyl and aryl bromides could be realized using the same reaction system with a different ligand, and high chemoselectivity between hydrogenation and hydrodebromination could be achieved through ligand selection. The practicability of our method has been demonstrated by the success of large‐scale synthesis using catalytic amount of electrolyte and a minimal amount of solvent. Cyclic voltammetry and kinetic studies were performed, which support a NiII/0 catalytic cycle and the pre‐coordination of the substrate to the nickel center.