New Areas Of Knowledge Research Articles

Development of the innovative economy based on the transformation of the knowledge-intensive enterprises

In modern conditions of economic transformation, the task of innovative development of the economy of the Russian Federation is the use of advanced technologies in the development of high-tech industries. Russia’s entry into the top five world economies will be facilitated by its breakthrough into new areas of knowledge and technology, accelerating the processes of the country’s integration into the world economy. In the search for a solution to this problem, it is necessary to consider the latest trends in the development of the world economy, which are manifested in the context of globalization and the transformation of knowledge into a leading factor in economic growth. These trends include the formation and development of an innovative economy of a new type based on the transformation of the knowledge-intensive sector. As part of ensuring this ambitious goal, it is required to build a new innovative infrastructure that can integrate the interests of science, education, government and business, create high-tech industries and integrate into the knowledge-intensive sector, which, in turn, will ensure the accelerated innovative development of the economic system. A knowledge-based economy is a qualitatively new economic system in which production processes, organizational forms of enterprises and economic ties between them, the economic mechanism and property relations are largely transformed under the influence of technological factors. One of the strategic directions of Russia’s economic development is modern science, innovative education and a complex of high-tech industries. This study is based on the fact that in Russia there is a change in the nature of technological and innovative development, considering competitive advantages. In this regard, the most important task of the modern period of the formation of an innovative economy of a new type is the need to search for new drivers to realize the possibility of the country’s entry into the top five developed countries of the world by 2024. The relevance of this study is due to new approaches to innovative development in the context of the transformation of the knowledge-intensive sector, which is formed in partnership between the state and business.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИХ ПРОЕКТОВ ПОДРОСТКОВ В ТУРИСТСКО-КРАЕВЕДЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The relevance of the appeal to the organization of research projects of adolescents in tourism and local history in institutions of additional education is justified by the need to educate an growing citizen who is able to critically understand and appreciate the most important historical events, prominent individuals, small Motherland, adequately and perceive information of a social nature and actively learn new areas of knowledge, assign universal values (Man, Family, Labor, Knowledge, Culture, Earth, World, Fatherland) within the framework of accessible improvement of the surrounding world. Tourism and local history is a peculiar basis for the implementation of research projects of adolescents in the real format of life, forming the development of an active life position of a holistic-oriented person — an growing patriot and citizen during acquaintance with the history and nature of his native land, communication coherence in choosing goals, coordinating positions, virtuosity in the application of methods of solving personal and group problems when developing a socially needed project, its presentation and protection. In tourist and local history projects of additional education institutions , adolescents are given the opportunity to freely choose their fields of activity. Their personal interests, needs, abilities are taken into account, as well as the possibility of their free self-determination and self-realization. Organization of research projects in tourism and local history activities with the following possibilities: semantic (organization of multilevel communications of subjects of axiological communication, exchange of moral ideas, feelings, ideas, values), transforming (activation of positive self-attitude of adolescents, translation of samples of accumulated experience of constructive interaction into various spheres of society), integration (freedom of teenagers to choose forms, methods of tourist and local history activities), the author presents in the form of a structure: motive — problem — goal — tasks — methods and methods — plan — actions — results — reflection. This structure is described on the example of the tourist and local history association “Seekers” MBUDO “Center for Additional Education” in Tulgan and is a real technological chain, which in turn consists of five “P”: problem, search, design, product, presentation.

Ética das virtudes: em busca da excelência

A teoria ética das virtudes é o modelo mais antigo de filosofia moral, mas a partir do Renascimento foi relegada para segundo plano com o surgimento da ética kantiana do dever e do consequencialismo de Bentham e Mill. No âmbito da saúde, as teorias éticas centradas na virtude e no caráter continuaram a ser preponderantes até aos anos 70 do século passado, quando surgiu a bioética como uma nova área do saber, que procura refletir sobre as implicações éticas resultantes dos progressos científicos e tecnológicos na vida humana e animal, e no ambiente. Assistiu-se a uma mudança de paradigma na ética dos cuidados de saúde, de um modelo baseado na virtude e na inviolabilidade da vida humana, expresso no Juramento de Hipócrates, para um modelo cimentado na autonomia e qualidade de vida do paciente, para o que contribuiu a proposta da metodologia principialista de Beauchamp e Childress e da crescente influência do utilitarismo nas comissões de ética. Nos últimos anos, tem havido um interesse renovado pelas teorias éticas da virtude devido ao contributo de pensadores como Elizabeth Anscombe, Alasdair MacIntyre e Edmund D. Pellegrino. Foi realizada uma revisão sobre a teoria ética das virtudes a partir das obras de Edmund D. Pellegrino e David C. Thomasma, pioneiros da bioética e dos principais promotores da ética das virtudes na prática clínica, bem como após pesquisa do tema nas bases de dados NCBI/PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information) e SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online). Após uma apresentação da história do conceito filosófico de virtude e dos aspetos mais representativos da teoria ética das virtudes, são destacadas oito virtudes particularmente relevantes para a atividade clínica: a fidelidade à promessa, a compaixão, a prudência, a justiça, a coragem, a moderação, a integridade e o altruísmo. Estas e outras virtudes são, em nossa opinião, essenciais para uma prática médica mais humanizada que tenha em conta o bem do paciente, e contribuirão também para contrabalançar a hegemonia do principialismo e de teorias éticas que desvalorizem o papel central do agente no debate bioético atual.

Матеріалознавство в Україні

In the short historical essay, the ways of formation of Materials Science in Ukraine are considered, and tendencies of its development over the World were taken into account. The outstanding human resources and excellent raw deposit capabilities of Ukraine have led to creating Ukrainian scientific schools back in the days of the Russian Empire, which were comparable to the Ural and another world schools of metallurgists and metal scientists. The further development of science on materials in Ukraine is closely related with establishing the Academy of Sciences in 1918. From the first twelve members of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, three of them namely V.I. Vernadsky, P.A. Tutkovsky and S.P. Tymoshenko, had represented the natural sciences. The election of E.O. Paton to the Academy in 1929 for "technical sciences" specialty had initiated the usage of promising achievements of fundamental sciences for development of applied ones. Since that, the famous Institutes of Ferrous Metallurgy (1936), Metal Ceramics and Special Alloys (1955) and others were founded. The idea to develop the new area of knowledge, which would combine the different types of interatomic bonding to be resulted in new materials and would not be preferable to metallic materials only, has been already in time, namely in 1963. B.Ye. Paton jointly with I.M. Frantcevych had created the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science, which included a few institutes namely: electric welding (Paton Welding Institute, PWI), cermets and special alloys (Institute for Problems of Materials Science (IPMS since 1964), foundry (problems of casting since 1964, and Institute of Physics and Technology Metals and Alloys (PTIMA since 1996), mechanical engineering and automation (Institute of Physics and Mechanics (IPM since 1964). And although the institutions are quite different in their profiles, their uniting direction is materials science. As early as 1963, V.N. Yeremenko was elected as the first academician for the "materials science” specialty. Therefore, the issue of a new collection of scientific papers under the title "Progress in Materials Science" is natural and vitally required. It is corresponding to global trends in the formation of scientific and technical priorities in developed countries and is as the task for Ukraine too.

Aplicaciones médicas de las redes sociales. Aspectos específicos de la pandemia de la COVID-19

For years, social networks have been incorporated into the day-to-day of the majority of the population. In this context, a new area of knowledge in medicine has been developed: infodemiology. It is defined as the evaluation, with the objective of improving public health, of health-related information that users upload to the network. In addition, social networks offer many possibilities for conducting public health campaigns, accessing patients, or carrying out treatment interventions.

Improving the effectiveness of learning military concepts through interactive methods

The information and knowledge accumulated by mankind over the centuries should be assimilated and enriched by each new generation and serve the development of society. The acquisition of accumulated information and knowledge is a very complex process and should be organized only on a scientific basis. But every process is a social phenomenon. Therefore, it has its own rules and characteristics. The didactic department of pedagogy deals with the study, analysis of the rules of the educational process and the search for new areas of knowledge, the development of effective methods of their acquisition. Philosophy, psychology, and physiology also study the educational process, human cognition, and the phenomena of thinking. However, didactics approaches these issues as a specialized science and conducts research. Didactics deals with all aspects of education, its organization, acquisition of knowledge, definition of the content of education, methods and rules of teaching.

Conditions for experiential knowledge exchange in collaborative research across the sciences and creative practice

ABSTRACT Interdisciplinary research across the sciences and creative practice offers potential to explore new areas of knowledge previously hidden between disciplines. However, diverging epistemology and expectations make collaboration difficult. We interviewed 11 researchers working in projects that combined scientific and creative practice research, to investigate how they dealt with different epistemological approaches. In some cases, the discrepancies that were first experienced as hindrances turned into enablers, opening up new vistas for learning. Our findings show that the prerequisites for experiential knowledge transfer need to be built consciously by engaging in hands-on practices and shared cognitive activities that may extend beyond the personal comfort zone. Furthermore, the common goals and research questions need to be motivating for all involved. Although academic research funding agents encourage interdisciplinary research, funding alone is not sufficient to motivate people to work and truly learn together. By combining different types of knowledge in co-creation processes, participants are able to better share each other’s views and construct a multifaceted understanding. An analysis of the interviews suggests how a conscious development of interdisciplinary practice helps educate thinkers and makers to feel comfortable in the unsettling zone between disciplinary boundaries, and thus contribute to innovative research.

Development of the conceptual foundations of tax management

Importance. The goal of the strategy for sustainable development of the Russian Federation is to ensure stable indicators of economic growth, as well as to solve socio-economic, industrial, technological and environmental problems on the basis of optimal use of innovative and scientific and technical potential, updating equipment and technologies, and expanding sales markets. At the same time, the effectiveness of the innovation process itself will largely depend on the readiness of economic entities to introduce and use modern knowledge-intensive technologies, which may manifest themselves in tax policy.Objectives. Justification and clarification of the facts that tax management is an integral part of the entire tax policy and is a system of principles and methods in the development and implementation of management decisions, the choice of the tax system, the calculation of tax payments, as well as constant monitoring of their implementation.Methods. The instrumental and methodological apparatus of the research is based on the use of General scientific and special methods, including abstract-logical, monographic, computational and constructive, methods of risk analysis, economic and mathematical modeling, graphic, methods of multidimensional statistical analysis, content analysis.Results. At all times, taxes have been the most important tool of state regulation, implementing the main tasks of the state. Taxation creates tax relations that need to be properly regulated through the application of tax legislation. This interaction encourages economic entities to manage their tax payments. Therefore, they begin to apply in their activities a wide variety of methods of making managerial decisions, called tax management in the market. Tax management is a management model of tax management implemented by taxpayers in a macro-economic environment that exploits their production capacity. Tax administration, as part of the market economy management system, is a relatively new area of knowledge in Russia, which was formed in the late XX-early XXI centuries. In particular, tax management appeared in the economic environment, i.e. in practice. Attempts to generalize and develop this category took place much later.Conclusions and Relevance. The article presents the author's concept of accounting and tax management analysis in a trade organization, which reflects a number of aspects of the concept: system representation of information resources, means and sources of information, forms and methods of transmitting various data. This will be the basis for integrating the information base that meets the needs and requests of tax administration.

Automatic generation of methodological materials in the study of technical and engineering texts in a foreign language

Masters, postgraduate students, engineers and scientists in Russia should study new areas of knowledge in a foreign language, for example, in English. But they have a double task arises: 1) learning English for a specific professional field; 2) studying the professional field using the acquired knowledge of the English language. The main requirement here is the minimum time for training. The purpose of the training process under consideration is to develop knowledge and skills for reading texts in a specific area of knowledge. At this stage the problem of active English language proficiency, i. e. writing your own articles or speaking is not considered. The student does not have the similar material in Russian. The material studied contains new concepts that are not known to the student. In standard university textbooks simple material is used that is already known to the student in Russian. Therefore, the student can understand the meaning of the content which significantly simplifies the learning process. But in this case the situation is different. Automation of training material’ design within the framework of the situation is carried out in two stages: the analysis of the studied materials and the synthesis of training materials. At this stage the existing software such as Microsoft Word and Excel together with Visual Basic for Application (VBA) can be used. The corresponding algorithms are applied for each operation. The automated development of training materials’ proposed technology for mastering a foreign language in a narrowly specialized field of knowledge enables to increase the effectiveness of subsequent training in a foreign language.

Pesquisas em recursos de alta tecnologia para comunicação e transtorno do espectro autista

Cerca de um terço dos indivíduos diagnosticados com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) não conseguem desenvolver a oralidade. Os benefícios da Comunicação Alternativa (CA) para pessoas com TEA são bem reconhecidos e podem ser usados ​​para ampliar a fala limitada ou atuar como o método de comunicação principal (ou seja, alternativo). Os dispositivos de geração de fala referem-se a uma variedade de soluções de alta tecnologia, incluindo dispositivos de comunicação eletrônica dedicados (comunicadores/vocalizadores), processadores de texto com voz sintetizada e dispositivos móveis multifuncionais (ex. iPad, iPod e tablets com sistema Android) carregados com aplicativos de CA, e que são um opções viáveis para indivíduos com autismo. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar os estudos que investigam a alta tecnologia para comunicação e TEA, publicados no Augmentative and Alternative Communication Journal, que é o periodico oficial da Sociedade Internacional de Comunicação Aumentativa e Alternativa (ISAAC), no período de 2011 a 2018. Esta é uma área nova de conhecimento que está em rápido crescimento e com poucos estudos no Brasil. Os resultados dos 15 artigos analisados indicam que pessoas com TEA se beneficiam com o uso da alta tecnologia. Pesquisas futuras em criação de recursos de comunicação, intervenção com usuários e descrição dos repertórios verbais são recomendadas.

Transformations of Governmentality Regimes under the Influenceof New Areas of Knowledge: the Case of Behavioral Economics

Transformations of Governmentality Regimes under the Influenceof New Areas of Knowledge: the Case of Behavioral Economics

In Memoriam and Tribute to George Freeman Solomon Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles1931-2001

“The natural healing force within each one of us is the greatest force in getting well.” Hippocrates Prof. G.F. Solomon was one of the first scientists to hypothesize that the relationship between brain activity and the body’s immune system can be important for determining health and influencing the course of the disease and its outcome. John Solomon is the founder of psychoneuroimmunology, an interdisciplinary field of research into the interaction of the brain, behavior, and immune system that has played a key role in the study of behavioral and biological mechanisms that link psychosocial factors, health, and disease. His research helped to found a new area of knowledge - psychoneuroimmunology, which aims to uncover the mechanisms by which the brain is able to influence the functions of the immune system.

Нам нужны думающие студенты… где растут дети, научившиеся главному – умению думать?

Глобальная проблема педагогической науки заключается в непрерывном образовании в условиях быстрого развития инновационных отраслей экономики, где объект обучения должен превратиться в субъект, способный исследовать, созидать и развивать прогресс общества. Подготовка специалиста начинается с начальной школы и продолжается непрерывно на протяжении всей деятельности гражданина, стремящегося быть полезным обществу и стране. Человек, умеющий моделировать, анализировать, критически подходить к изучению нового, всегда будет востребованным этим обществом. В этом основная задача современной педагогической науки.

Humanities-as-Technique: New Images of Knowledge and Ontological Construction

The sociocultural landscape of contemporaneity can be represented as a porous inhomogeneous space consisting of border zones. These zones (exchange zones), understood by P. Galison (1999, 137-60) as “local coordination of beliefs and actions,” can be deployed due to already existing conditions, for example, a project may arise at a university. However, such zones do not create sustainable social configurations and infrastructures associated with new areas of knowledge. In this article, we expand the concept of trading zones and call them zones requiring local ontologies that arise on the border between different knowledge and imagination systems and, in turn, require their own infrastructure. This approach supports the view on humanities not as “pre-packaged” knowledge (Daston 2009, 807), but as special “technique” forming local ontologies. For a humanities-as-technique to emerge, it is necessary that two or more systems of knowledge coincide in time and form an intermediate zone, on the basis of which some local ontology can unfold. Thus, for example, when combining contemporary philosophy and contemporary mathematics (topology), new images of knowledge emerge. Humanities-as-technique are considered as the basis for the establishment of trading zones, which are understood as local ontologies. We also propose a system of concepts that can be used to describe and construct these trading zones on the territory of the humanities in a techno-oriented cultural environment.

Shifting Paradigms of Research in English Studies in India

English Studies in India has undergone significant changes, leading to a shift in
 research paradigms. Right through the British colonial period of nearly two hundred
 years English literature and language were used as important instruments of political
 domination and acculturation. Even after the British colonialism ended the dominance
 of English continued in all spheres of life. English has become the language of the
 privileged class and studying English literature a symbol of prestige. However, in its
 quest for relevance, English Studies had to incorporate new areas of knowledge under
 its purview. Literary theory made a big splash in English Studies and changed the way
 of approaching and assessing literature. English Studies also saw rigorous debates
 about the relationship between English Literature and ELT and different approaches
 in their pedagogy. Then, postcolonial literature and theory made its impact felt in
 the field. Two other domains that have enriched the field of English Studies are
 Comparative literature and Translation Studies. English writings emanating from India
 grew in plenitude and self-assurance and the language itself underwent substantial
 change to acquire its distinct Indian characteristics. Literatures produced in 24 Indian
 languages are being copiously translated into English and researches in English
 studies are happening at this contact zone of creative literature in English and literature
 available in English translation.

Cross-Talk between Inflammatory Mediators and the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Process in the Development of Thyroid Carcinoma.

There is strong association between inflammatory processes and their main metabolic mediators, such as leptin, adiponectin secretion, and low/high-density lipoproteins, with the cancer risk and aggressive behavior of solid tumors. In this scenario, cancer cells (CCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) have important roles. These cellular populations, which come from differentiated cells and progenitor stem cells, have increased metabolic requirements when it comes to maintaining or expanding the tumors, and they serve as links to some inflammatory mediators. Although the molecular mechanisms that are involved in these associations remain unclear, the two following cellular pathways have been suggested: 1) the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) process, which permits the differentiation of adult stem cells throughout the acquisition of cell polarity and the adhesion to epithelia, as well to new cellular lineages (CSCs); and, 2) a reverse process, termed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), where, in pathophysiological conditions (tissue injury, inflammatory process, and oxidative stress), the differentiated cells can acquire a multipotent stem cell-like phenotype. The molecular mechanisms that regulate both EMT and MET are complex and poorly understood. Especially, in the thyroid gland, little is known regarding MET/EMT and the role of CCs or CSCs, providing an exciting, new area of knowledge to be investigated. This article reviews the progress to date in research on the role of inflammatory mediators and metabolic reprogramming during the carcinogenesis process of the thyroid gland and the EMT pathways.

Fundamentos epistemológicos transdisciplinares de educación y neurociencia

El proceso de emergencia de la nueva área de conocimiento, producto de la convergencia entre los campos de la neurociencia y la educación, se encuentra aún en su etapa de consolidación. En este punto de evolución disciplinar, resulta imprescindible definir un marco multidimensional para la construcción del conocimiento, con el fin de fundamentar la consiliencia entre los campos académicos implicados. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión crítica de la literatura asociada a las cuestiones epistemológicas, que subyacen en el intento de comunicación entre disciplinas, proporcionando un marco teórico que parte de cuestiones epistémicas básicas, para finalmente concretizarse en unas bases que fundamenten la sinergia entre las ciencias de la educación y las ciencias del cerebro. En el conjunto de literatura revisada emergió de forma explícita el estado de indefinición terminológica del área referida como neurociencia educativa, neuroeducación, o mente, cerebro y educación. Esta inconcreción en la nomenclatura encuentra su correlato en la ambigüedad epistemológica de las distintas propuestas, así como la necesidad de superación de modelos unidireccionales de comunicación. En conclusión, este tipo de modelo relacional, situado en el marco interdisciplinar, podría estar demandando una evolución hacia un enfoque transdisciplinar: con el establecimiento de una bidireccionalidad efectiva que incorpore a los profesionales e investigadores educativos como agentes activos en los procesos de construcción de conocimiento de este nuevo campo

A Proposed Modular Work Integrated Learning Framework for South Africa

The skills’ crisis in South Africa is a growing problem, exacerbated by the lack of adequate structures to study and assess the gap between the skills offered by young graduates and those required in the labor market. The purpose of this paper is to verify whether the achieved competencies of graduates are comparable with the expectation from the employers. This raises the awareness of the need for training institutions to train students on new areas of knowledge, skills, and attitudes capable of responding to the specifications of the contemporary workplace in the competitive economic environment of South Africa. In order to address the skills’ gap, work integrated learning (WIL) and other internship programs can be deployed in a partnership between the training institutions and the industry. To accommodate working students in finding a willing industrial company to fulfill their WIL requirement, the introduction of a modular WIL program is aimed at providing a space to groom more skilled hands in a flexible mechanism allowing students to complete their qualification on a part-time basis, made of compulsory and optional practical combined subjects. This paper proposes a framework for modular WIL. In such a context, the focus is on the processes of monitoring, evaluation, and progression of students within the framework.

Programas doctorales en Chile: una propuesta tipológica para interpretar su diversidad

Chile has experienced an accelerated development of doctoral programs. In recent years, the offer has doubled, and the variety of options has significantly expanded with the creation of programs in new areas of knowledge, in different territorial contexts, of an interdisciplinary nature, organized collaboratively among universities. The study seeks to describe and understand the diversity of this offer with the aim of enriching quality improvement initiatives for the programs. Through a cluster analysis, a typology of doctoral programs was constructed based on nine variables that account for four dimensions: inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes.The typology describes and reveals the horizontal diversity within the system, differing from the logic of other tools, such as rankings. The results show an offer organized around five types of programs: strong, consolidated, emerging, developing and weak. The diversity of the system has an ambivalent character: on the one hand, the development of programs in new areas of knowledge, in different territorial contexts and with new characteristics; on the other, the vast differences between the types of programs show that the system does not currently guarantee equivalent quality levels for doctoral students.

Ecological approaches to creating architectural objects as basis for formation of living environment

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of developing an evolving progressive trend in architecture, related to energy saving, saving resources and the resources, spent in the construction and operation of buildings. The purpose of the article is to identify innovative concepts for solving the problem associated with the measures to preserve the habitat, maintain the ecological balance and reduce the negative impacts of human activities on the natural environment. The leading approach to the study of this problem is based on the tendency to involve new areas of knowledge in architectural research under the conditions of the development of scientific and technological progress. This allows us to outline the contours of the material and technical equipment of a completely new eco-space that provides a quality of life. The materials of the article and the given examples can be useful for the theory and practice of the formation of architectural objects on the basis of ecological approaches to their creation, which can be the key to the development of innovative technologies.