Negative Orientation Research Articles

License to Retaliate: Good Deeds as a Moral License for Misdeeds in Reaction to Abusive Supervision

ABSTRACT Abusive supervision research demonstrates that subordinates often engage in deviance following abuse despite the negative consequences of doing so. Drawing on moral licensing theory, we propose that the relationship between abusive supervision and deviance is moderated by the extent to which subordinates perform positive voluntary work behaviors. We further suggest that moral disengagement moderates this moral licensing effect and that this relationship will hold when controlling for social exchange principles. In Study 1, we found that the relationship between abusive supervision and organizational deviance was strengthened by high organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and was not significant at low levels of OCB. In Study 2, we found that the moral licensing effect was strengthened in individuals with a propensity to morally disengage, even when controlling for negative reciprocity beliefs and social exchange orientation. Implications for moral licensing and abusive supervision research are discussed.

Psychosocial Profile of Juvenile and Adult Offenders Who Acknowledge Having Committed Child-to-Parent Violence.

The main objective of this study was to establish the psychosocial profile of adolescents and adults who have admitted to committing child-to-parent violence (CPV) and were serving a judicial sanction or prison sentence, respectively. Two groups of participants took part in this study. The first group was made up of 89 male youths who were serving judicial sanctions, and the second group was made up of 70 men serving a prison sentence. A cross-sectional retrospective design with concurrent measurements was used in this study. Group differences in the exposure-to-violence variables were conducted. Automatic regression models were used to estimate a self-reported CPV. In relation to the variables of indirect exposure to violence, statistically significant differences between those who admitted having committed CPV and those who did not, irrespective of being adults or adolescents, were found for seeing violence in class and at home but not for seeing violence on the street or on television. Regarding the variables related to experiencing violence, the results showed statistically significant differences in experiencing violence at home but not in class or on the street. The best predictive model of CPV includes some of the dimensions of self-concept, specifically academic and family self-concept, as well as the avoidant and rational problem-solving styles and the negative orientation toward problems. The results have shown the existence of a CPV offender profile that is common to minors and adults.

Социально-психологические особенности формирования просоциальности у подростковых лидеров отрицательной направленности

<p>Nowadays insufficient attention in science and penitentiary practice is paid to socio-psychological factors that cause the development of destructive leadership of positive and negative orientation. The material is devoted to the improvement of methods and technologies of preventive psychological work with juvenile offenders who are leaders in their environment. The authors describe the main features and characteristics of destructive leadership with positive and negative orientation, substantiate the forms of psychological and pedagogical influence in the organization of preventive work with juvenile offenders. A program of prosocial personality development has been developed, aimed at overcoming deviant behavior and developing (strengthening) the prosocial orientation of the individual through the formation of an axiological, instrumental and motivational-need component of the personality.</p>

Body image and self-esteem in teenagers

The image of the body is the dynamic perception of the body as it looks, feels, and moves. It is formed by perception, emotions, and physical sensations and is not static, but can change in terms of mood and physical ways. In terms of self-esteem, which is a positive and negative orientation towards itself, a general assessment of values or qualities. His study is analyzing the relationship between self-esteem levels in relation to perceptions adolescents have of body image. The study was conducted as a champion of 120 students in Maminas high school. The selection of the champion was in a casual way. The ages of the students ranged from the age 13 to the age 18. The measuring instruments used for this study are 2 questionnaires. The body image avoidance questionnaire [Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ)], consists of 19 questions about image avoidance for the body. The second questionnaire is that of self-esteem (SES, Rosenberg, 1965), which was used to measure the degree of self-esteem. In line with the study’s objectives, results showed that there is an important link between the image of the body and the level of self-worth in adolescents and that there are significant gender differences in the image of the body in adolescents. Four were hypotheses raised in this study, whereof these hypotheses, 3 were proven and only one of the hypotheses collapsed. The results achieved were supported by similar field studies.

An intervention study on self-esteem among tribal adolescent girls in Adilabad and Komaram Bheem districts of Telangana state

Self-esteem is an overall evaluation of the person’s value expressed in a positive or negative orientation towards himself/herself. Its development starts from birth and constantly changes under the influence of experience. The formation of self-esteem and shaping of personality are of pronounced significance during adolescent period. Self-esteem helps the adolescent girls to be empowered and makes it possible for them to take control over their own lives. The aim of the present study was to see the effect of intervention on self-esteem of the tribal adolescent girls in Adilabad and Komaram Bheem districts of Telangana state. A sample of 160 adolescent girls in the age range of 17 to 21 years was selected using purposive random sampling method. A scale on adolescent girls’ self-empowering personal skills was constructed and standardised. The results revealed that self-esteem of adolescent girls enhanced their empowerment.

Presentation, Alienation and Reconstruction of Female Media Image in Modern Network Live Broadcast

As a new mass media, network media has influenced the history of mass media with its two-way interaction of information, multimedia communication and extensive public participation. Modern network communication provides ordinary people with the opportunity to express themselves. Network broadcast provides a popular public performance situation for the female group. Although on the surface, it shows the liberation of women’s thoughts, discourse power and independent consciousness. It presents a media image of freedom, openness, independence and self. However, driven by the profit-seeking motive, the traditional unequal gender consciousness promotes the alienation of female media images in the performance situation into “commodities” to be shaped, selected, stared at and consumed. This not only creates a bad image of women but also creates a negative value orientation and social and cultural atmosphere, which undermines the harmonious development of society. Based on the historical review of “media and social gender studies”, this paper systematically expounds the appearance and characteristics of female media images in the modern network broadcast environment, as well as the alienation of female media images and the causes. Some constructive suggestions are put forward for constructing a benign network of female media image in modern society.

The role of social engineering in modern Russian society

The article analyzes the role and content of modern social engineering in the conditions of increasing macroeconomic instability and the spread of unfair competition. The reasons for the development of the negative nature and orientation of modern social engineering technologies are revealed. The theses on the expediency of considering social engineering in "broad" and "narrow" meanings, as well as on the development of "special social engineering" and its techniques as carrying asocial or antisocial content are put forward and substantiated. Recommendations are formulated to ensure the necessary level of information security of economic entities.

Coping, Social Support, and Caregiver Well-Being With Families Living With SCI: A Mixed Methods Study.

To explore coping, problem solving, social support, and well-being among family caregivers of adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). This was a mixed methods study (qualitative interviews and standardized surveys) with a diverse sample of 39 adults with SCI and their caregivers from four rehabilitation hospitals in the United States, including one Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital. Cluster analysis was used to explore whether distinct profiles of caregivers could be identified, and it was used in conjunction with qualitative data to explore patterns in well-being. Measures of well-being included leisure time satisfaction, social integration, anxiety, depression, physical health complaints, caregiver burden, and quality of life. The importance of individual and extra-individual resources, namely coping and social support, emerged from early qualitative analyses and guided subsequent mixed methods examination of the data. A cluster analysis yielded three caregiver profiles: (1) effective problem solvers with moderate satisfaction with social support, (2) mixed problem solvers with stronger negative orientations and mixed satisfaction with social support, and (3) low endorsers overall. Profiles helped us explore patterns across our data set and efficiently identify differences in caregiver social support, coping, well-being, and unmet needs. Data echo the need for multimodal interventions aimed at skill development, respite options, and screening, support, information, and referral around mental health and burden. SCI care and rehabilitation programs should consider incorporating strategies for bolstering effective caregiver problem-solving skills, reducing negativity and ambivalence, and enhancing social support.

Актуальные вопросы постановки на профилактический учет лидеров и активных участников группировок отрицательной направленности

Introduction (statement of the problem): Every year, about one and a half thousand convicts and persons in custody who are potential subjects of criminal liability under Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are registered as leaders and active participants in groups of a negative orientation every year. Occupation of the highest position in the criminal hierarchy. The hypothesis of the study is that the presence of signs of a person that characterizes him as a leader or an active participant in groups of a negative orientation is a sufficient basis not only for putting on a preventive register, but also for initiating a criminal case against such a person under Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Moreover, preventive registration seems to be an insignificant measure to prevent the activities of a person who commits a crime. The problem of the lack of a legal definition of the concept of “a group of a negative orientation”, “a person occupying a higher position in the criminal hierarchy” is indicated. The subject of the study was Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation dated May 20, 2013 no. 72 “On Approval of the Instruction for the Prevention of Offenses among Persons Detained in the Institutions of the Penitentiary System”. As part of the proof of the hypothesis, the goal was to conduct a comparative analysis of the characteristics of a person who is a leader or an active participant in a negative grouping and a person occupying a higher position in the criminal hierarchy. The tasks of the study were based on its purpose, namely, they consisted in comparing the signs of “leader” and “highest position”; “grouping of negative orientation” and “criminal hierarchy”. The main research methods were the formal-legal method, which made it possible to use concepts in their legal meaning, comparative analysis, which was used when comparing the categories under study and identifying common and distinctive features, as well as the method of legal forecasting, which made it possible to assume what kind of consequences would occur if or not making changes to the legal regulation of the relations in question. The main scientific results of the study were the confirmation of the scientific hypothesis set at the beginning of the study, namely: confirmation of the fact of the identity of the categories “leader and active participant in a negative grouping” and “person occupying the highest position in the criminal hierarchy”, which will allow law enforcement agencies to initiate criminal cases on article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in relation to persons put on preventive records as leaders and active participants in groups of a negative orientation.

(2021) Volume 2, Issue 4 Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC Authors: Dr. Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Abstract: This study is an attempt to highlight the cultural implication of CPEC on Pak-China relations, how it will align two nations culturally, and what steps were taken by the governments of two states to bring the people closer.

(2021) Volume 2, Issue 4 Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC Authors: Dr. Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Abstract: This study is an attempt to highlight the cultural implication of CPEC on Pak-China relations, how it will align two nations culturally, and what steps were taken by the governments of two states to bring the people closer.

Positive, Negative and Criminal Orientation of Beggars in Okara: Perspective of Students

Positive, Negative and Criminal Orientation of Beggars in Okara: Perspective of Students

التكيف الذاتي للعائلات السورية المهاجرة في الجزائر

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى التكيف الذاتي لعائلات المهاجرين السوريين في الجزائر اعتماد على نموذج " مونتغومري". تضم متغيرات الدراسة الراتب، استعمال المهارات في الوظيفة الحالية، الرضا العام، إسهام الوظيفة في التثاقف، الأمان الوظيفي والفرق بين ظروف الوظيفة الحالية والمتوقع منها كعناصر للتكيف الذاتي. تم جمع البيانات باستعمال مقابلات مع 49 مهاجرا سوريا يعيشون في ولايتي جيجل والجزائر، لمدة تسعة أشهر سنة 2016م ، حُللت البيانات باستعمال الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية. توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود اتجاه سلبي نحو غالبية عناصر التكيف الذاتي، مع وجود بعض التوجهات الإيجابية. كما بينت النتائج كذلك وجود علاقة دالة بين نوع العمل الممارس، الجنس، سنة القدوم، اللغة، والأجر على التوالي مع مستوى التكيف الذاتي.

The Mediating Effect of Social Problem-Solving Between Perfectionism and Subjective Well-Being.

This study examined the relationship between perfectionism and subjective well-being (SWB) and dimensions of social problem-solving ability. The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), Social problem-solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 202 Chinese adults. The results found that: (1) Subjective well-being was significantly negatively correlated with the discrepancy dimension of perfectionism and was also significantly negatively correlated with the negative problem orientation of social problem-solving. (2) The discrepancy dimension reflected in maladaptive perfectionism was significantly positively correlated with the negative aspects of social problem solving (Negative Problem Orientation, NPO; Impulsivity-Carelessness Style, ICS; and Avoidance Style, AS). (3) The negative problem orientation (NPO) dimension in SPSI-R, as a partial mediator, mediated the negative correlation between maladaptive perfectionism and subjective well-being. In conclusion, perfectionism and social problem-solving ability had different degrees of influence on the SWB of Chinese adults, and attention could be paid to dealing with discrepancy and how to reduce negative problem-solving tendency in education and clinical practice.

Factors in university teaching staff perfectionism

Introduction. The attention to the study of perfectionism in universities in Ukraine can be explained with modernization and development of Ukrainian higher education, as an access to the European educational research environment. The interest to the perfectionism in teaching staff of university can be explained by new requirements for professional activity and these factors demand from a teacher of higher school can be an achievement of new standards, obtaining successfully by focusing on avoiding failures. The study is conducted within the pedagogy field. Aim. In this article, the author identifies and analyzes the impact of social-demographic factors (such as age, gender, place of residence), organizational and professional factors (such as job experience, academic degree, post, direction of teaching activity, number of students, university status, level of social-psychological climate etc.) on the manifestations of perfectionism. Results. The four manifestations of perfectionism, which are: Absence of perfectionism (where normal and pathological perfectionism are represented at a low level); Perfectionism with negative orientation (consists of the respondents with pathological type of perfectionism); Ambivalent perfectionism (included the respondents in which the pathological and normal types of perfectionism are equally highly represented); Perfectionism with positive orientation (consists of the respondents with manifestations of normal type of perfectionism). Conclusions. The findings of this investigation show the impact of social-demographic, organizational and professional factors on the manifestations of perfectionism.

From Trait Affect and Conscientiousness to Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility

This study investigates the mediating role of cognitive flexibility on the relationship between trait positive/negative affect, and conscientiousness with individual entrepreneurial orientation. A total of 508 (175 male and 333 female) undergraduate students participated in the study. Three separate mediation analyses were carried out. The results revealed that cognitive flexibility partially mediated the relationship between trait positive affect and individual entrepreneurial orientation as well as the relationship between conscientiousness and individual entrepreneurial orientation. The results also showed that cognitive flexibility fully mediated the association between trait negative affect and individual entrepreneurial orientation. Findings of this study show that interventions and individual development programs may be conducted to increase cognitive flexibility of individuals with high levels of trait negative affect, low levels of conscientiousness and low levels of trait positive affect. This might potentially strengthen their levels of individual entrepreneurial orientation.

Negative psychoanalysis for anxia corda

Abstract Conventional psychology is positively oriented (+). This orientation leads to the stigmatization of negative aspects of human existence. A course along which psychoanalysis and philosophy, especially existential philosophy is, in opposition to the course of conventional psychology, negative (−). Already Lucretius stated that a person has an anxious heart (anxia corda), which can’t be healed. Existential philosophy recognized anxiety as the core of human existence. Their perspective is inverted in comparison to the perspective of conventional psychology, which posits normality and happiness at the heart of a person, and views anxiety as an optional and undesirable deviation from this centre. Due to their negative orientation psychoanalysis and existentialism can better comprehend humans, particularly their constitutive tragic dimension.

Time Perspective, Hope and Self-Regulation among Preparatory Year University Students: Exploring the Connections

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between time perspective, hope and self-regulation among foundation year students at a Malaysian public university. A survey questionnaire on the three constructs was completed by 118 Malay students aged between 18 to 21. The findings showed a significant positive correlation between the future time perspective and self-regulation (r = 0.251, p = 0.007). However, the association is a weak one. Likewise, a significant relationship was found between hope and two of the temporal orientations, i.e., the future orientation (r = 0.399, p = 0.001) and the past positive at r = 0.271, p = 0.003., which is also considered a weak relationship. However, no significant association was observed between the past positive time perspective and students’ self-regulation. On the contrary, the past negative and present-fatalistic time orientations have a significant negative relation with hope at r = - 0.308, p = 0.001 and r = - 0.207, p = 0.028, respectively. A similar result was obtained for the association between self-regulation and the PN orientation at r = - 0.290, p = 0.002. It was also found that hope and students’ self-regulation are strongly correlated (r = 0.268, p = 0.004). In essence, the results imply that students with a high future time orientation are likely to have high levels of hope and self-regulation. Therefore, time perspective, especially the future orientation, and self-regulation skills could be important intervention factors for addressing students’ academic obstacles. The findings of this study are beneficial for counselors, educators, and supervisors in designing intervention programs to help students become more positive and optimistic individuals.

Future time perspective and trust in government: The mediation of the consideration of future consequences

Evidence suggests that college students’ future-related feelings and cognition may influence their trust in government. This study aims to explore whether the association between college students’ future time perspective and trust in government is mediated through the consideration of future consequences (CFC). A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 1,617 college students (86.6% women) aged 17 to 31 years in China via an online questionnaire. The results showed that the students’ positive, negative and confused future orientation was positively associated with their trust in government. The consideration of far- future consequences positively mediated the relationship between a positive future orientation and trust in government. These findings support the possibility to evaluate college students’ government trust level according to their future orientation, which will improve their positive political participation.

The Investigation of University Students Social Problem-solving Skills in Terms of Perceived Parental Attitudes and Cognitive Flexibility Levels

The aim of this study is to determine whether social problem-solving skills and perceived parental attitudes and cognitive flexibility levels differ according to gender, to examine the relationships between these variables and to determine the level of predicting the social problem-solving skill of university students by parental attitude and cognitive flexibility. For this purpose, data was obtained by applying Personal Information Form, Social Problem-solving Inventory-Short Form (SPÇE-KF), Parental Attitude Scale (ABTÖ), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (BEE) to 574 university students. For statistical analysis, Independent Groups T Test, the Pearson Product-Moments Correlation Analysis, Multiple Hierarchical Regression Analysis were used. According to the results of the study, it was seen that the negative orientation to the problem, democratic, protective and authoritarian parental attitude mean scores were significantly different by gender. Significant correlations were found between the total scores from the Social Problem-solving Inventory and the predictive variables Parental Attitude Scale sub-dimensions and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory sub-dimensions. Democratic parental attitude, authoritarian parental attitude, cognitive flexibility sub-dimensions which are alternatives and control are significant predictors of social problem-solving total score. Independent variables explain 46% of the total variance related to social problem-solving inventory total score.

Interpersonal dysfunction in individuals high in chronic worry: relations with interpersonal problem-solving.

Interpersonal dysfunction has been proposed as an important maintenance factor in chronic worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Perceptions of problems and the problem-solving process as threatening, and unhelpful (e.g. avoidant, impulsive) problem-solving styles are implicated in worry and have also been suggested to be associated with dysfunctional interpersonal styles. The present study assessed the relationships between interpersonal dysfunction and problem-solving orientation, approach, and effectiveness in a sample of individuals high in chronic worry and investigated the indirect effect of interpersonal dysfunction on GAD symptom severity through negative problem-solving beliefs and approaches. Fifty-nine community participants completed questionnaires and an interpersonal problem-solving task. Greater interpersonal dysfunction was significantly associated with greater negative problem-solving orientation and greater habitual avoidant and impulsive/careless problem-solving styles. Greater interpersonal dysfunction was associated with poorer effectiveness of solutions when the task problem involved conflict with a romantic partner. Negative problem-solving orientation fully mediated the relationship between interpersonal dysfunction and GAD symptoms. These findings support that problem-solving processes are implicated in interpersonal dysfunction and that negative beliefs about problem-solving account for the relationship between interpersonal dysfunction and GAD symptoms. Theoretical implications are discussed.