Negative Manifestations Research Articles

ROAD TO ECO-ROUTING: A MODEL OF REGULATORY APPROACH FOR THE EU

Global warming is of key importance among the many negative manifestations of human impact on the environment. The main cause of climate change and the observed global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere, while the largest share of emissions is generated by transportation sector. It is declared that by 2050 GHG emissions in the transportation sector will be reduced by 90 per cent. In the part relating to road transport, a key role is to be played by digitization, transport automation, the use of intelligent traffic control systems and the abandonment of combustion engines in favour of electric ones. This study aims to present possible legal solutions aimed at introducing eco-routing solutions for vehicle traffic in the EU and obstacles to its widespread implementation and is aimed to begin discussion about this matter and the further studies in this area.

Интернет-мем как инструмент выражения общественного мнения немцев по отношению к вакцинации от Ковид-19 в Германии

The aim of the study is to identify the cognitive mechanisms of the emotional impact of Internet memes of the thematic group “Vaccination against Covid-19” in German society. The study is novel in that it represents the first attempt to analyse the Internet memes of the German community in order to determine the attitude of German citizens to such a socially significant event as vaccination against Covid-19. It is found that the topic under consideration is the basis for attracting the attention of the Internet community due to the contradictions existing in society. It is shown that the authors of the Internet messages focus on the negative manifestations of the vaccination process: refusal to vaccinate, criticism of government measures, mistrust of the vaccine. The effect of various pragmatically loaded precedent phenomena is considered. The necessity of referring to the historical, cultural and social experience of the nation for decoding the meanings in the considered Internet memes is shown. As a result, the study has proved that the attitude of German citizens to vaccination against Covid-19 is extremely negative. For the purpose of emotional impact, terrible fragments from the history of the Third Reich are involved in the Internet messages.

Думи на водещите броя

Думи на водещите броя

Development and implementation of Yu.V. Moikin's ideas about professional stress (analytical review)

According to the International Labor Organization, 50–60% of all lost working days are associated with work-related stress. Back in the late 80s, early 90s of the last century, Yu.V. Moikin emphasized that labor physiologists face the need to identify psychophysiological and neurophysiological mechanisms of transition from the norm to the occurrence of nervous overstrain under the influence of chronic emotional stress. Currently, it is possible to recognize the fact that the prolonged influence of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal, sympathoadrenal, thyroid systems involved in the development of stress reactions and causing changes in lipid, carbohydrate, electrolyte metabolism and other metabolic processes in the body leads to the development of diseases. Stress-limiting systems, including GABAergic, opioid, dopaminergic, serotonergic, protect the body from the excessive influence of stress factors. The interface between the stress-implementing and stress-limiting systems is genetically determined. The modern concept of occupational stress suggests the need to analyze both external factors and individual characteristics that play an important role in the development of stress reactions and their fixation in the form of stable negative manifestations. The analysis of the genetic correspondence of an individual to the position and the nature of the work performed will contribute to the optimal realization of professional skills and abilities of a person.

Moral and ethical aspects of the activities of private military companies. Part 2.

As part of the continuation of the study of the moral and ethical aspects of the activities of private military companies, the authors in this work study the internal factors of PMC activities that form their perception by society. The work becomes particularly relevant in the context of the special military operation of the Russian Armed Forces on the territory of Ukraine, where, according to official media reports, private military companies of Russia played a significant role in achieving the goals of the SVO. The rhetoric of the media about PMC fighters on the side of Russia changed to the opposite after the demarche of PMC "Wagner". The focus of this study is made on the causes and patterns in the operational activities of PMC concerning the formation of a staff to the use of various tactics of armed operations, which are the greatest triggers of negative perception. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach that allows to fully explore the directions of the relationship between individual criteria in recruitment, management methods and principles in the activities of PMCs and their representation in the public consciousness. Content analysis of publications in the media and social networks was used as a basis for the study of public perception. The consideration of private military companies from the point of view of their corporate culture is unique. The image of the company is formed by its actions and those who work for it and those for whom they work. The authors establish a system of relationships between these factors and the attitude to these companies on the part of society, systematize the directions of influence of these factors and draw a general and private conclusion about what role they play and how to reduce negative manifestations.

A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION DEVELOPMENT AND THE MODERN STATE OF CORRUPTION IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC THE LEGISLATION IN THE CORRUPTION FIELD (ACCORDING TO KYRGYZ REPUBLIC MATERIALS)

Corruption is a social phenomenon that prevalence represents a colossal scale and has negative consequences such as economic and political instability. It destructs the normal regulation in healthcare, education, and justice. Corruption is one of the negative manifestations in society and affects both the Kyrgyz Republic and many countries of the world. In order to successfully combat corruption, national legislation, as well as international regulatory legal acts, are improved every year. In this article, the author considers the relevance of the study of corruption, analyzes it in a historical aspect (in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods). Retrospective analysis helps to reveal the current state and the problem's causes. The normative legal acts adopted in the Kyrgyz Republic on combating corruption are given, and the United Nations Convention against Corruption is also mentioned. In conclusion, the author proposes the improvement of legal work in the field of combating corruption.

Strategic directions of Ukrainian engineering post-war recovery

Strategic directions of Ukrainian engineering post-war recovery

QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS: EDUCATIONAL LOSSES AND DYSFUNCTIONS OF DIGITALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION AND DISTANCE LEARNING

The article highlights and analyses primary educational losses and key dysfunctions of digitalization in higher education and distance learning in emergencies. The article analyses academic studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the problem of distance learning and the digitalization of education. The main educational losses and dysfunctions of digitalization in higher education are systematized, and factors affecting the quality of higher education during distance learning are determined. The analysis of today’s academic views on positive and negative manifestations of digitalization in higher education made it possible to identify specific dysfunctions related to motivation, control of educational results, communication, and socialization processes. The study is due to the emergencies and difficult circumstances in Ukraine, which significantly affect the organization and the quality of the educational process, and change the landscape of digital technologies and approaches to their implementation in higher education. The article reveals the opportunities and risks associated with digitalization in higher education and distance learning. Distance education caused losses in study time, limited access to the educational process, and changes in educational procedures and academic achievements. The digitalization of higher education resulted in the transformation of the roles of a teacher and a student, influenced the motivation and behaviour of the students and their cognitive processes, and caused particular dysfunctions and educational losses.

Education management in the context of the development of the digital educational environment: problems of the realization of the rights of minors to education

Introduction. The use of digital technologies on minors can be assessed in two ways, on the one hand, they bring many benefits (online communication, the use of various research platforms for self-development, free access to information, etc.), on the other hand, they have a negative impact (cyberbullying, cyberfraud), destructive and even illegal content, immersion in the virtual world, digital addiction, etc.). The purpose of this article is to study the implementation of the rights of minors to education in the field of developing a digital educational environment. Materials and methods. The study of the problem of realizing the rights of minors to education using the digital environment was carried out by the method of sociological research, in which 500 respondents aged 13 to 18 years old, students of general and secondary vocational education institutions of the city of Yelets, Lipetsk Region (Russian Federation) took part, who were asked to answer to 6 questions on digital human rights and how to protect them. Results. The study allows us to state that adolescents aged 13 to 18 years have a low level of knowledge about existing digital rights (34%), ways to protect them (58%), negative manifestations in the network (70%), and therefore it is necessary to strengthen information and educational activities by carrying out activities aimed at the formation of a digital culture of underage citizens. Scientific novelty. The results obtained allow us to substantiate the role of the managerial component in the realization of the right to education by underage students in connection with the active introduction of various digital products and technologies into the structure of the educational process. Practical significance. The conducted research makes it possible to identify recommendations for improving the existing model of education management in the context of the digital educational environment and improving the effectiveness of minors' realization of their right to education in the digital educational reality.

Mechanisms of the formation of psychological disadaptation in combatants with a distinction based on the signs of adjustment disorders and PTSD

IntroductionContemporary for combatants with signs of adjustment disorders (AD) consists of “distorted” thoughts about the displacement of the value of one’s role, the loss of a certain significant position. This can be seen from the analysis of complaints about the feeling of anxiety, tension, asthenia, mood swings, lack of emotional regulation and the assessment of well-being criteria.It is important to understand what is a preventer of maladjustment, and what is a predictor of the formation of psychological adaptation disturbances in combatants with a distinction based on the signs of AD and PTSD.ObjectivesBased on the analysis of violations of the psycho-emotional sphere, peculiarities of perception of the social environment, understanding of one’s role in traumatic events, and personal adaptation potential, predictors and preventers of violation of psychological adaptation among combatants are determined.MethodsThe clinical investigation based on psychiatric examination with the narrative motivation interview,psychological examination by Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.ResultsThe predictors of impaired psychological adaptation in combatants withAD: Low indicators of moral normativity, which structure thoughts and help in the interpretation and analysis of negative experienced events of a stressogenic level.Preventers of violation of psychological adaptation in combatants with AD:Communicative potential, which lies in the structure of personal adaptation potential. This indicator indicates the presence of a need in the social environment and opportunities for realization, that is, as a resource of the individual. The ability to receive from the social environment a sense of support, reinforcement of self-esteem, motivation for activity, determination of the goals of future projects. Predictors of impaired psychological adaptation in combatants with PTSD: Low communicative potential, which, under the significant influence of stressogenic factors, isolates from close social interaction and does not allow family members to influence the emotional state. Family support is diminished and perceived as a trigger for anger. Fixation on the intensity of emotional experiences, maintaining the tone of negative manifestations, as a form of receiving punishment. Keeping under control one’s values in the life system and an attempt to reorient oneself to the future.ConclusionsRelying on preventers as the resource base of the personality of combatants and predictors as targets of psychocorrective intervention in the tasks of the medical and psychological rehabilitation program, algorithms for further psychocorrective intervention were determined.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Features of migration of the population of Kyivan Rus

The problem of migrations is always relevant, as the movement of large masses of people affects the political and economic foundations of many states. The Middle Ages are no exception, it was then during the development of feudal monarchical states that various types of migration flourished. The paper is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of migration processes during the existence of the early feudal state – Kyivan Rus, which can be considered the beginning of the statehood of modern Ukraine. It was established that the migration itself was caused both by the military and political instability of the lands of Russia, and by climate change, improvement of conditions for agriculture in some territories and deterioration in others. To one degree or another, migration was accompanied not only by the spread, but also by mutual penetration of cultural forms, standards of material and spiritual subsystems when they collide. Migration and cultural exchange are inextricably linked. The development of the state provoked the appearance of marriage (dynastic) diplomacy, a significant role in which was assigned to dynastic marriages of Kyivan princes with the rulers of foreign countries. Large-scale transformations caused by the Baptism of Russia contributed to the migration to its territory of religious figures, artists, craftsmen, etc. Not all migration was associated with negative manifestations in the life of the population of Kyivan Rus. The development of statehood and the cities of Kyivan Rus gave rise to a surge in labor migration, in many respects it was due to the need to ensure trade routes passing through the territory of the state, the possibility of acquiring professions and specialties from the Roma, who began to visit Rus en masse after its baptism. The constant conflicts that accompanied the entire period of the existence of Kyivan Rus contributed to slave migration. The capture of captives during raids was a common phenomenon in those days, and slaves were considered one of the «items of income». Deprivation of freedom was usually carried out by young people who, to the best of their ability and ability, tried to improve their existence and integrate into a foreign society. Slavs who participated in migration processes either migrated with their families or, in the absence of families, settled with them in new places. As for the military and captive slaves, according to historical sources, they were not forbidden to start families, in many ways such a desire was even encouraged, as it promoted and strengthened the loyalty of the former and increased the number of the latter.

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF VITAMIN B6

The aim of the study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms that determine the possibility of using vitamin B6 in clinical practice for the correction of various pathological conditions.Materials and methods. Information retrieval (Scopus, PubMed) and library (eLibrary) databases were used as research tools. In some cases, the ResearchGate application was used for a semantic search. The analysis and generalization of the scientific literature on the topic of research, covering the period from 1989 to the present, has been carried out in the work.Results. It has been shown that all chemical forms of vitamin B6 are able to penetrate the membranes of most cells by free diffusion, while forming phosphorylated forms inside. Pyridoxal phosphate is a biologically important metabolite that is directly involved as a cofactor in a variety of intracellular reactions. Requirements for this cofactor depend on the age, sex and condition of the patient. Pregnancy and lactation play a special role in the consumption of vitamin B6. In most cases, a balanced diet will provide an acceptable level of this vitamin. At the same time, its deficiency leads to the development of a number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammations and diabetes. Negative manifestations from the central nervous system are also possible with an excessive consumption of B6.Conclusion. Replenishment of the vitamin B6 level in case of its identified deficiency is a necessary condition for the successful treatment of the central nervous system diseases, diabetes and correction of patients’ immune status. At the same time, it is necessary to observe a balanced intake of this cofactor in order to avoid negative effects on metabolism in case of its excess.

Global trends in general approaches to victimological crime prevention

Victimogical ideas were born several thousand years ago. Self-defence of a potential victim at the dawn of humanity was the main method of crime. Then, as other mechanisms for social evil appeared and developed, self-defence became one of the problems of the victim himself. The state and society, trying to protect the individual, developed other measures that did not require the participation of the victim in their logical analysis, which addressed to such phenomena as crime, criminal.
 The preventive role of law consists in regulating spheres of social life, during which existing criminogenic factors are either eliminated or their action is seriously hindered. The law cannot destroy the economic, social, and cultural causes and conditions of crime, but it can influence their negative manifestations: localize, block, and organize appropriate counteraction to negative phenomena and processes.
 Accelerating the processes of European integration requires the introduction into law enforcement practice not only of modern forms and methods of combating crime, but also standards of protection of human rights and freedoms recognized by the world community. Real democratic transformations are inseparable from the humanization of social relations because a person, his life and health, honour and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized as the highest social value.
 Currently, in several European countries, including Great Britain, the Netherlands, and France, the situational form of prevention is part of the official crime prevention policy. Despite this, there are concerns that “the use of this approach to crime prevention will have wider societal consequences of limiting freedom and unequal access to the positive outcomes of crime prevention.”
 Analysis of modern global trends in crime prevention shows that in the vast majority of states it is carried out with the help of “official” systems of fighting crime, i.e., law enforcement agencies and criminal justice.

Prevention of interference in the activities of judicial bodies

The article is devoted to the criminological knowledge of one of the most widespread negative manifestations in the sphere of justice in Ukraine in the form of the phenomenon of interference in the activities of judicial bodies (Article 376 of the Criminal Code). Using the results of theoretical and empirical (materials of criminal proceedings; expert survey of four groups of respondents) research, a system for preventing the specified criminal offenses is proposed. It is emphasized that non-punitive (criminological) influence on this socio-legal phenomenon is more effective compared to punitive (criminal-legal) means of combating it. It is proposed to include areas and measures of general social, special criminological and victimological prevention in the system of prevention of interference in the activity of courts. Attribution of the general social level to the determining directions of prevention of the phenomenon under consideration is argued. It is noted that the structure of general prevention is determined by the specifics of the sphere of justice and includes: measures to strengthen guarantees of independence of judges; measures within the scope of judicial reform; reforming spheres and bodies related to justice (political system, prosecutor's office, advocacy, socio-cultural sphere). Special prevention is based on organizational and managerial, informational, regulatory and technical measures. A special emphasis is placed on the need to implement victimological prevention measures. It concerns the development and improvement of the existing professional skills of judges, necessary to protect their independent status, as well as to prevent their initial, as well as repeated, victimization. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of preventing this phenomenon correlates with the breadth and depth of implementation of established international and European standards of independence of judicial bodies in the sphere of justice of Ukraine.

Identification of the similarity of urban mobility country patterns during the period of COVID restrictions: methodology and results

The term “Black Swan” by N. Taleb (Taleb, 2007) well illustrates a sudden, negatively manifesting itself in relation to the surrounding world factor. Actively used since 2015, this concept implies a shock impact on economic and production systems, which include transport and logistics systems. COVID-19 and its negative manifestations are a good example of such a 'black swan’. The serious crisis of the world economic system, which began in February-March 2020 and lasted about 450-600 days, was caused by a total restriction of elementary physical contacts between people and any manifestations of their pedestrian and transport mobility associated with it. The widespread lockdowns served this very purpose. However, lockdowns varied across countries in terms of timing, duration, methodological approaches, the strength of restrictions, and control measures. As a result, the mobility of the urban population varied with the influence of the external environment and was not identical in different cities. This paper presents the results of comparative studies of the urban population mobility dynamics in three European cities: two cities of one country – Moscow and St. Petersburg, and another European capital – Amsterdam. At the same time, the goal was to identify the urban mobility country patterns similarity during the period of COVID restrictions. Two tasks were solved: a cross-country comparison of trends in urban population mobility during 2020-2021 and a comparison of trends in population mobility in two cities of the same country.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫХ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ У ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОГРАММЫ «ЛУЧШИЙ АКТИВ»

In the context of changing trends in the development of Russian society, the information war for the “minds” of young people, the problem of education and prevention plays an important role at the state level. The recent tragic events in our country associated with the manifestations of “schoolshutting” and “collumbine” prove the relevance of the problem of preventive education of young people. Today, such pedagogical categories as “education” and “prevention” should be considered in a single interconnected university environment, due to the increase in negative manifestations among young people. We believe that the mission of the university today is the formation of a safe educational and preventive environment, which will be aimed not only at the safety of students, but also at comprehensive, harmonious and professional development. For the organization of this environment, we offer a special pedagogical impact — the “Best Asset” program, which contributes to the formation of this environment and is a kind of tool for the assimilation of universal competencies among students. Since modern education in Russia is built on a competence-based approach, the essence of which is to acquire the necessary key competencies that satisfy the labor market. We believe that the “Best Asset” program as a means of organizing the educational and preventive environment of the university should meet modern realities and form universal competencies among students, which are so necessary for employers. The article discusses the formation of universal competencies among students through the implementation of the “Best Asset” program at the university.

MAIN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CHARACTEROLOGICAL FEATURES OF FORCED MIGRANTS: THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE

The article presents an up-to-date study of the psychological characteristics of Ukrainian forced migrants, which are fundamentally different from previous waves of migration, since the nature of adaptation has changed significantly after introduction of the 2001 Directive on mass forced migration. On the one hand, Ukrainians had an opportunity to adapt faster due to the rapid legalization of their stay, which was confirmed by a high employment level of the respondents. On the other one, the emphasis on the temporary nature of asylum causes uncertainty, fear of the future, uncertain prospects and also reduces motivation for adaptation. We determined that the nature of forced migration had a negative prolonged influence on a migrant's personality, hindering adaptation and well-being. The main aspects of forced migration were highlighted; adaptation in this case went harder than that at other types of migration due to migrants' negative attitudes towards integration into a new country and a feeling of being expelled from one's own country. Forced migrants obtained a new status and believed in the temporary nature of their protection, which caused a breach in their own identity, a sense of uncertainty and indeterminacy. Emphasis is placed on the nature of interactions with the host society, which are interdependent so that an attitude towards a migrant is loyal if he/she adapts and quickly becomes independent. Refugees go through a number of difficult life situations, which is inevitably reflected on their psyche in the forms of culture shock, traumatization, identity crisis and even personal marginalization. Emotional overload provokes many negative manifestations: closed-mindedness, sensitivity to public opinion, defensive position, irritability, cognitive impairment, maladjustment.

ВПЛИВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ НА НАЦІОНАЛЬНУ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНУ БЕЗПЕКУ ДЕРЖАВИ

The article characterizes the importance of economic security for the state as a key component of national security and one of the main functions of the state. It is determined that under martial law, the importance of maintaining economic security at the state level has increased and has become a key area of activity of the state. The scientific work contains an analysis of the current features of the functioning of enterprises on the territory of Ukraine, threats and risks faced by business entities with the beginning of martial law. The authors found that the main problems are currently the rise in prices for raw materials, materials, goods, dangerous conditions of doing business, lack of labor, difficulties in transporting raw materials or finished goods through the territory of Ukraine, a decrease in demand for products/services, interruptions in electricity and heat supply. The article contains information on the assessment of the contribution of enterprises to ensuring economic stability and sustainable economic growth of Ukraine, supporting the country's defense capability, implementing the state interests and the interests of the population. The article establishes that the list of areas in which the activities of enterprises may pose a threat to the economic security of Ukraine includes unjustified overpricing, illegal trade with Russia and Belarus, including the smuggling of goods, economic activity where the ultimate beneficiaries are residents of Russia and Belarus and other negative manifestations that prevent business from restoring the economy of the state. The article contains information on the activities of the Bureau of Economic Security as the main state body entrusted with the task of combating offenses that encroach on the functioning of the state economy. As a conclusion, the authors estimate the contribution of enterprises to ensuring national economic security to be quite significant. Important in the context of supporting the economic security of Ukraine is the support of enterprises of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, other military formations, providing the population and other business entities with the necessary goods and services, the receipt of financial resources from enterprises to the sphere of public finance.

ПАРАМЕТРИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ НЕРІВНОСТІ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ РОЗРОБКИ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

The article discloses the parameters and indicators of measuring the state and changes in social inequality as a component and component of the formation of financial policy. The relevance of the analysis of the problems of the development of the financial policy of the state is determined by the large number of participants and the importance of taking into account the antagonistic interests of subjects interacting in the conditions of socially-oriented states, that is, those that prioritize the development of human capital, the creation of conditions for ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, the formation equal opportunities and leveling of negative manifestations of social inequality. It is proposed to consider social inequality as an indicator for evaluating the measures implemented in the field of financial relations and increasing the effectiveness of levers and tools for the implementation of the state's financial policy in terms of the development of a socially oriented economic system. The definition of the essence of "financial policy" is considered. The statement about the understanding of the essence of the financial policy of the state in terms of certain actions of the state regarding the management of financial resources in order to achieve the established goals and the performance of its functions by the state has been formed. The parameters of the measurement of social inequality and its interrelationship for the formation and implementation of the financial policy of the state are considered, namely from the point of view of the indicator of the effectiveness of the achievement of the established goals and the effectiveness of the levers of the financial policy. The importance of the study of social inequality in terms of the analysis of action not only in the sphere of social security is emphasized. It is proposed to study and analyze social inequality as an indicator of the effectiveness of financial policy implementation in the conditions of a socially-oriented economy, in two directions, namely: the level and quality of life of the population.

Conditions for the formation of social determinates of adolescent behavior in modern conditions and laws

Today's way of life of young people, in particular adolescents, is associated with globalization, therefore it is necessary to scientifically observe the nature of globalization and its impact on social life. Because through the globalization of cultural processes, ideas of various positive and negative manifestations enter the minds of young people. In this article highlights of conditions and laws for the formation of social determinates of adolescent behavior in modern conditions.