Development and implementation of Yu.V. Moikin's ideas about professional stress (analytical review)

Abstract

According to the International Labor Organization, 50–60% of all lost working days are associated with work-related stress. Back in the late 80s, early 90s of the last century, Yu.V. Moikin emphasized that labor physiologists face the need to identify psychophysiological and neurophysiological mechanisms of transition from the norm to the occurrence of nervous overstrain under the influence of chronic emotional stress. Currently, it is possible to recognize the fact that the prolonged influence of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal, sympathoadrenal, thyroid systems involved in the development of stress reactions and causing changes in lipid, carbohydrate, electrolyte metabolism and other metabolic processes in the body leads to the development of diseases. Stress-limiting systems, including GABAergic, opioid, dopaminergic, serotonergic, protect the body from the excessive influence of stress factors. The interface between the stress-implementing and stress-limiting systems is genetically determined. The modern concept of occupational stress suggests the need to analyze both external factors and individual characteristics that play an important role in the development of stress reactions and their fixation in the form of stable negative manifestations. The analysis of the genetic correspondence of an individual to the position and the nature of the work performed will contribute to the optimal realization of professional skills and abilities of a person.