Negation Research Articles

Memories of Academician Professor Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov, on the Occasion of the Fifth Anniversary of His Death

Born on August 21, 1929 in Moscow, Vjačeslav Vsevolodovič Ivanov died on October 7, 2017 in Los Angeles. The beginning of an unprecedented scientific career of Vjačeslav Vsevolodovič was interrupted by a ruthless political campaign of the MGU management in 1959, which ended with Vjačeslav Vsevolodovič's expulsion from the university. Those in power at the time condemned Vjačeslav Vsevolodovič Ivanov for his public ne gation of the official verdict on the novel by B.L. Pasternak doctor Živago and in support of the scientific views of the world-renowned linguist prof. dr. Roman Osipovic Jacobson. The life and work of VJAČESLAV VSEVOLODOVIČ IVANOV, based on the many languages and the literatures that existed through them, which he researched and communicated to people (and especially to student youth) in a rarely encountered way, were through a constant intrusion in science about man and in art and closely linked with a deep humanism and an exemplary empathy. 
 From the Editor. The memoirs of the famous German baltist Rainer Eckert about Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director of the Institute of World Culture at Moscow State University and professor in the Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures at the University of California, an outstanding scholar of encyclopedic outlook, are dedicated to the fifth anniversary of his death. The Memoirs of Prof. Rainer Eckert are published without changes, with the author's references to the books and articles mentioned in the text.

Memory effects of implicit and explicit negation in a visual setting: Negation based on implicatures leads to a similar number of false memory alarms as overt negation

Memory effects of implicit and explicit negation in a visual setting: Negation based on implicatures leads to a similar number of false memory alarms as overt negation

The grounding of logical operations: The role of color, shape, and emotional faces for "yes" or "no" decisions.

Concerning the evolution of our mind, it is of core interest to understand how high-level cognitive functions are embedded within low-level cognitive functions. While the grounding of meaning units such as content words and sentence has been widely investigated, little is known about logical cognitive operations and their association with nonlinguistic cognition. However, recent theoretical claims have suggested that "the foundations of logical oppositions and negation may well be much more deeply rooted in the physiological structure of human cognition than is standardly assumed" (p. 227, Jaspers, 2012). The present study investigated potential candidates for such a grounding process by exploring the associations between basic "yes" versus "no" decisions and nonlinguistic features. In five preregistered experiments investigating the interplay between deciding "yes" or "no" and color, shape, and facial expressions, there was converging evidence for the intercoupling between the process of performing a "yes" (agreeing) or "no" (rejecting) decision and emotional faces (happy/sad), color (green/red), and also shape (round/square and soft/sharp). Potential mechanisms for such associations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

МЕТОДЫ СИНТЕЗА САМОПРОВЕРЯЕМЫХ КОМБИНАЦИОННЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ АВТОМАТИКИ НА ОСНОВЕ ЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ДОПОЛНЕНИЯ ДО РАВНОВЕСНОГО КОДА «1 ИЗ 4»

The article is devoted to the development of the logical complement method for the synthesis of self-checking digital devices and systems. The article highlights the features of using the equilibrium 1-out-of 4 code for the synthesis of integrated control circuits of combinational logic devices by the method of logical complement. The basic structures of the organization of built-in control schemes by the method of logical complement to the equilibrium 1-out-of 4 code are described and several ways of organizing control schemes are considered. The fi rst one implies the control of devices with the allocation of outputs fours and the use of conversion of three outputs out of four in the basic structure. There is another way of organizing the control circuit by the method of logical complement to the equilibrium code and it involves the search for outputs triplets and their addition to the four-digit code word of the 1-out-of 4 code by directly connecting the output of the supervisor logic block to the tester input without any signal conversion. The third method is associated with the use of a basic structure with the circuit for the preliminary signal compression from the unit under test and the reduced number of outputs control. The article presents the results of experimental studies for each of the methods of organizing the built-in control circuit and estimates the structures technical implementation complexity as well as the probability of detecting errors at the outputs of the unit under test when single-stuck faults are introduced. In many cases the logical complement method allows to synthesize simpler self-checking devices compared to the duplication method with high rates of error detection at the unit under test outputs.

Lexical-Grammatical Means of Expressing Oppositivity in an English Literary Text

The article considers the notional nature and peculiarities of genus-species relations between the phenomena of opposition and oppositivity ; it also deals with the lexical-and-grammatica ways of expressing the latter in an English literary text. The study establishes that, besides the logical component, an opposition also expresses a subjective one, manifesting a communicants unique view on the communicative situation and thus displaying semantics of oppositivity. Unlike spatial, logical and grammatical oppositions, generally characterized by a symmetrical structure, the subjective (oppositive) opposition is asymmetrical. It is revealed that due to the structural asymmetry this kind of opposition is marked by greater semantic potential compared to logical and grammatical oppositions. It is proved that the complication of subjective oppositions with antonymous pairs, lexical and syntactical repetitions, antithetic units, oxymorons etc. extends the scope of meanings implied by them; and the use of subjective (oppositive) oppositions in a literary text themselves becomes an effective tool of contrast-building both on the lexical-grammatical and textual levels.

Organization of educational process of physical education according to the conditions of remote education

A comparative analysis of the educational and pedagogical processes of NUPh and KHNURE in physical education using distance learning technologies during quarantine was carried out. The subject of the study was an educational process of physical education. The goal was to carry out a comparative analysis of the organization of the educational process on physical education in NUPh and KHNURE during distance education. The research methods were the analysis of scientific literature and Internet resources, the method of descriptive statistics. Coclusions. Distance education exists along with a full-time learning form and is its logical complement. It has significant advantages in the continuity and systematic of the educational process of students; increases the effectiveness of control by the teacher; promotes self-development, the acquisition of new practical skills in an information and communication educational environment, which contributes to the improvement of pedagogical skills improves the quality of theoretical and practical knowledge; provides students with the right to choose a convenient time for classes; provides equal opportunities for students involvement with different health status. Remote learning technologies cannot fully replace the communication of the teacher and higher education applicants, however, they it is a powerful mechanism for motivating to self-education, which is an important milestone in the process of becoming a future specialist, as a professional. The similarities and differences in the organization of the educational process on physical education are identified.

Synthesis of self-checking built-in control circuits based on logical complement to the equilibrium two-out-of-five code

Synthesis of self-checking built-in control circuits based on logical complement to the equilibrium two-out-of-five code

Adding Toxicological Context to Nanotoxicity Study Reporting Using the NanoTox Metadata List.

This paper proposes a list of specifications (NanoTox metadata list) to be reported about nanotoxicity experiments (metadata) together with resultant data to add toxicological context to reported studies. In areas involving nanomaterials (NMs), existing metadata reporting standards include the reporting of experimental conditions and protocols (MIRIBEL) and material characteristics (MINChar and MIAN), as well as reporting focused on specific experiments (MINBE). NanoCRED is a similarly transparent and structured framework, however, it is developed to guide risk assessors in evaluating the reliability and relevance of NM ecotoxicity studies. There is no reporting standard which would include interpretation of the aims and outcomes of nanotoxicity studies beyond regulatory purposes. The proposed NanoTox metadata reporting checklist is elaborated to extend reporting toward describing nanotoxicological context and thus is a logical complement to technology/material-assay focused reporting checklists. It is further designed to allow for NM toxicity data and knowledge integration, reuse, and communication. Its ultimate goal is to adhere to the basic rules of toxicology when taking a stand on the toxicity of NMs and to limit speculations on safety. As nanotoxicology becomes more interdisciplinary with the advent of new tools and new materials to be tested, reporting standards will contribute to cross-disciplinary communication.

The psychological reality of presupposition of “tto” in Korean negation types.

The psychological reality of presupposition of “tto” in Korean negation types.

Sí hay negación lógica

En este artículo discutimos la tesis de Jc Beall según la cual no hay negación lógica. Evaluamos la solidez del argumento con el que defiende su tesis y presentamos dos razones para rechazar una de sus premisas: que la negación tiene que ser excluyente o exhaustiva. La primera razón involucra una presentación alternativa de las reglas de la negación en sistemas de secuentes diferentes al que Beall presupone. La segunda razón establece que la negación no tiene que ser excluyente o exhaustiva.

Oposições em um ponto

Seguindo um artigo anterior (cf. (Costa-Leite 2018)) no qual as oposições ló-gicas são definidas em um segmento de reta, este artigo vai um passo além e propõe um método para organizá-las usando um objeto de dimensão zero: um ponto.

The Cosmopolitan Turn: Recasting ‘Dialogue’ and ‘Difference’

This paper draws attention to the potential pitfalls and possibilities of a new cosmopolitanism. The first part of the paper briefly portrays cosmopolitanism as a name and metaphor for a way of life, an ideal and an outlook. The second part, however, discloses a paradoxical attribution of the metaphor, revealing the ways in which it assumes something which it is not. The third part of the paper further explores the powers of this paradox, arguing that the new cosmopolitanism can be seen as a riddle that surprises, bewilders and educates: The surprise is in the deviation from current and most common ways of speech. The bewilderment happens as the mantra of cosmopolitanism is bringing together logical opposites, jumbling categories and disturbing pre-existing modes of thought. The educational work of cosmopolitanism thus occurs as a violation of the cognitive framework and logical categories generating our very modes of learning. The vital work of the new cosmopolitanism is therefore in the ways in which it creates epistemic ruptures, recasts our mental categories, generates radically new modes of learning, and thus completely new ways of experiencing, seeing and knowing a world of change. But what are the potential pitfalls and possibilities of a discourse jeopardizing the very vision of the social world, and thus the world itself?

NEG lowering into quantifiers

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with the derivation of English sentences in which negation (NEG) surfaces in a matrix clause but is interpreted as if it were in an embedded clause. The cases we are interested in allow NEG to be interpreted as having scope over a quantified subject NP in the embedded clause or over the verbal predicate in the same embedded clause. Syntactic approaches to this phenomenon have proposed a rule of NEG-raising which proceeds upwards in multi-clause structures, very much like a garden-variety movement transformation. Pragma-semantic approaches, in contrast, appeal in general to either a combination of the excluded middle law and a pre-suppositional analysis or scalar implicatures. Here we will argue that while the syntactic treatment of NEG seems to be generally correct, a leftwards/upwards approach to NEG movement does not yield the appropriate semantic representations for the sentences under consideration; rather, we propose a syntactic rule of NEG-lowering to account for the data we examine.

Synthesis of a built-in control circuit for multi-output combinational devices based on logical complement and signal compression

Synthesis of a built-in control circuit for multi-output combinational devices based on logical complement and signal compression

Signal correction for combinational automation devices on the basis of Boolean complement with control of calculations by parity

Simpler than known structure of the system with error correction in calculations is proposed based on duplication and triplication of blocks with majority principle of choosing the values of signals. It is advisable to use the new fault-tolerant structure for automation devices with combinational logic. In fault-tolerant structure synthesis, the parity method is used to establish the fact of a fault in the main logic unit and the logical complement method is used determine incorrectly calculated output functions and to generate signals for their correction. The method also allows to adjust the values of incorrectly calculated functions. Structural diagram and description of error correction system are given. The synthesis algorithm of control equipment is described with minimization of the technical implementation complexity. The experiment results with control combinational circuits are given, confirming the high efficiency of proposed system structure with error correction.

Las palabras necesarias de Luis Piedrahita. Creación humorística de un vocabulario científico técnico

Over the last decades, Spain has seen an increase in TV and Radio programmes and in scientific research and educational studies dealing with the correct use of the Spanish language. In parallel, a new tendency has begun to develop, that is to say the creation of a new language through semantic neologisms. This is achieved by decomposing and recomposing existing words and by assigning them a new meaning (LANG, 2009). Over the last few years, this playful tendency has been expressed at its best in the works of Luis Piedrahita. The aim of the present study is to focus on the descriptive-qualitative analysis of the method used by Piedrahita to create his own ‘vocabulary’, through which he describes reality basing on observation, abstraction and logic. The data used for analysis are constituted of a series of words used in the TV shows El Hormiguero and La Ventana and selected on the basis of their distinctive linguistic and cultural features. Our study will also show how Piedrahita, respecting the mechanisms laying behind the process of Spanish word formation, is able to create new words which share a number of common features with technical terms: unambiguity, direct reference to the object or phenomenon, negation of subjectivity, precision and clarity.

Processing Case Marking Information in a Second Langue: Chinese Speakers’ Sensitivity to Case Marking Alternation in the Korean Long-Form Negation Constructions

Processing Case Marking Information in a Second Langue: Chinese Speakers’ Sensitivity to Case Marking Alternation in the Korean Long-Form Negation Constructions

Documentary functions: the uses of documents in non-fictional texts

Among the phenomena that define the spirit of our times, there is a growing tendency towards the registration and storage of data. Included within this phenomenon that some theorists call documentary inflation, the current spotlight on non-fictional narratives gives intelligibility to data and documents. Using some examples taken from documentary cinema as its basis, this article proposes a typology of the uses (or functions) of documents. Four different documentary functions are defined and articulated starting from the logical opposition between syntagmatic and paradigmatic: narrative, referential, systemic and revealing.

A cognitive study on indirect negation of “xiang duo le(想多了)”

A cognitive study on indirect negation of “xiang duo le(想多了)”

Renal Biopsy Recommendation Based on Text Understanding.

Due to various etiologies and pathogenesis of kidney diseases, an invasive procedure called renal biopsy may be needed to determine the specific type of kidney disease, its severity, and the best treatment for it. This study aims to detmine if a text understanding technology based on admission records can recommend such an invasive procedure objectively. To understand clinical documents from nephrology, a semi-automatic learning-based lexicon construction method based on CRF and Word2vec was used. We constructed a dictionary of symptom terms for the nephrology department from clinical document, and then extracted patients' symptoms and detected their negation from admission notes. Combined with the preliminary diagnosis given by the doctor, an eigenvector was produced and fed to a machine learning classifier. When compared to the gold standard marked by physicians, the final recommendation achieved 83.5% accuracy, 80.6% precision, 76.6% recall, and 78.6% f1-measure respectively.