Negation Research Articles

Negation and Translation

Abstract In the last few years considerable attention has been paid to the system of negation; nevertheless, the study of negative polarity has not been conducted from the perspective of translation. This paper concentrates on some of the problems that the translation of some English negatives may pose for Spanish speakers. It starts by showing the ambiguity of some negative constructions in English as well as the contradictions that may be detected between the syntactic, semantic and even pragmatic levels of the language in regard to polarity. It then goes on to examine the scope of negation in both English and Spanish as well as its implications in the field of translation. This section also includes a careful analysis of the negation of English auxiliaries and of the so called transferred or raised negative constructions. Part three is concerned with double negation in both standard and non-standard English while four deals with the definition and anticipated difficulties in the translation of negative polarity idioms (NPIDs). The paper concludes by making a series of considerations on the realm of translation in light of the issues discussed before. Questions for further study in the area of the translation of negatives are also briefly mentioned. Résumé Ces dernières années, on a prêté une grande attention au système de la négation; cependant, l'étude de la polarité négative n'a pas été abordée du point de vue de la traduction. Notre travail concerne quelques problèmes posés aux hispanophones par la traduction de certaines constructions négatives anglaises. Nous voulons démontrer en premier lieu l'ambiguïté de quelques constructions négatives en anglais ainsi que les contradictions qu'on peut déceler entre les niveaux syntactique, sémantique et même pragmatique du langage en ce qui concerne la polarité. Ensuite, nous examinons le domaine de la négation en anglais et en espagnol, ainsi que ses implications pour la traduction. Cette section inclut l'analyse détaillée de la négation des auxiliaires anglais et des négations dites transférées. Dans la troisième partie, nous nous occupons de la double négation en anglais standard et sous-standard, et dans la dernière nous abordons la définition des modismes à polarité négative (MPNs) et les difficultés qui se présentent lors de leur traduction. Notre travail se termine par une série de considérations sur la traduction à la lumière des questions étudiées antérieurement. Nous abordons aussi brièvement d'autres aspects qui mériteraient une étude postérieure dans le cadre des constructions négatives.

At Home Only in Negation

Daniel Herwitz reviews: Adorno, Theodor W. Critical Models: Interventions and Catchwords, translated by Henry Pickford (New York: Columbia Press, 1998). Suzanne Berry reviews: Lötter, Hennie. Injustice, Violence and Peace. The Case of South Africa (Amsterdam & Atlanta: Editions Rodopi, 1997). Roger Deacon reviews: Gramsci, Antonio. Prison Notebooks, Volume II, edited and translated by Joseph E. Buttigieg (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).

Metalinguistic Negation and Textual Aspects of Political Discourse

La negation metalinguistique consiste a objecter certains aspects de la production linguistique anterieure, de la prononciation a l'implication. Dans cet article, l'A. utilise ce probleme de pragmatique linguistique dans la comprehension d'aspects particuliers de la production de texte en contexte de debat politique. En essayant de determiner dans quelle mesure la negation metalinguistique et l'intertextualite interagissent, il montre que la negation metalinguistique peut etre consideree comme un type de pratique intertextuelle, et qu'elle peut ainsi constituer un outil efficace pour explorer differents aspects de la production textuelle

Testosterone decreases 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase messenger ribonucleic acid in cultured mouse Leydig cells by a strain-specific mechanism.

We previously reported a strain-related difference in basal 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase (3betaHSD) activity in response to testosterone in cultured Leydig cells. The data suggested that the response to testosterone was androgen receptor mediated and that testosterone was acting via a trans-acting factor distal to the androgen receptor to regulate Leydig cell basal 3betaHSD activity. This study was designed to determine whether the previous reported strain-related difference in basal 3betaHSD activity in response to testosterone was due to a difference at the 3betaHSD protein and/or at the mRNA level. In C57BL/6J Leydig cells, 2.0 microM testosterone significantly decreased basal 3betaHSD immunoreactive mass by day 6 in culture. Treatment with 2.0 microM testosterone and 2.0 microM hydroxyflutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, negated the inhibitory effect of testosterone on C57BL/6J 3betaHSD immunoreactive mass. Treatment with 2.0 microM testosterone also significantly decreased 3betaHSD mRNA content in C57BL/6J Leydig cells, which was detectable on day 3 in culture. In contrast to Leydig cells from C57BL/6J mice, Leydig cells from C3H/HeJ mice were not susceptible to the inhibitory effect of testosterone on 3betaHSD. Treatment with 2.0 microM testosterone had no detectable effect on C3H/HeJ 3betaHSD immunoreactive mass or mRNA content at any time point in culture. These data indicate that the testosterone-induced loss of basal 3betaHSD activity in C57BL/6J Leydig cells can be accounted for by the loss of 3betaHSD immunoreactive mass, which is preceded by the loss of 3betaHSD mRNA, and that the strain-related difference in the regulation of 3betaHSD is present at all three levels. Thus, the putative trans-acting factor involved in the mechanism whereby testosterone decreases basal 3betaHSD is likely to regulate the amount of 3betaHSD mRNA.

Masks of Negation: Greek eironeia and Schlegel's Ironie

Masks of Negation: Greek eironeia and Schlegel's Ironie

The Negation of artha in the Yogacara-Vijñanavada

The Negation of artha in the Yogacara-Vijñanavada

Comparison of Hyrax and bonded expansion appliances.

The majority of rapid maxillary expansion studies have reported the use of appliances with metal bands attached to the posterior teeth. Tooth extrusion, dental tipping, and an increase in the vertical dimension are often encountered, which may not coincide with treatment objectives. Bonded appliances using interocclusal acrylic may control the vertical dimension and expand the maxillary halves in a more bodily and symmetrical fashion. The purpose of this clinical trial was to determine, by radiographic analysis, the differences between a conventional banded expander (Hyrax) and a bonded acrylic expander. Fourteen patients who exhibited a need for expansion were enrolled in the study. The results suggest that the increase in the vertical dimension often seen with the more conventional Hyrax appliance may be minimized or negated with the bonded appliance. However, there appeared to be no significant difference between the amount of dental tipping or symmetrical expansion between the two appliances, as previously theorized.

Do illocutionary, or neustic, negations exist?

L'A. defend la these selon laquelle le concept de negation illocutoire, ou de negation neustique, developpe par R. M. Hare dans sa theorie de l'acte de parole, n'existe pas. L'A. montre que la pretendue distinction entre la negation illocutoire et la negation propositionnelle est illegitime

A congruence theorem for structured operational semantics with predicates and negative premises

We proposed a syntactic format, the panth format, for structured operational semantics in which besides ordinary transitions also predicates, negated predicates, and negative transitions may occur ...

Negation by iteration

Soulevant la question de la construction de l'operation de negation ¬ en termes de reiteration d'une operation singuliere , l'A. definit les conditions de congruence, conservation, unicite, ainsi que les relations de (Scott-)consequence, qui peuvent s'appliquer a la demi-negation et a la negation par double reiteration. Examinant le passage d'une logique bi-valuee a une logique quadri-valuee, d'une part, et le cas de la semantique evaluative, d'autre part, l'A. montre qu'on ne peut parvenir a une caracterisation unique du phenomene

EXERCISE BENEFITS NOT LOST AFTER A HIATUS.

Exercise has been shown to delay loss of function in older adults. However, their exercise programs may be interrupted by illness, hospitalization, or chronic disease. Do such interruptions negate the gains achieved by regular exercise? Researchers at Ithaca College studied 65 men …

Restenosis after Atherectomy or Angioplasty

Restenosis remains a frequent problem after coronary interventions. The late arterial diameter is related in part to the acute gain achieved at the initial procedure. Several new devices (atherectomy, stents) can achieve greater initial improvements in lumen diameter but may also result in a greater intimal hyperplastic response, negating all or part of the initial benefit. …

Loss of Outline: Decadence as the Crisis of Negation

Loss of Outline: Decadence as the Crisis of Negation

Negating the negation: Russia, not‐Russia, and the west

Negating the negation: Russia, not‐Russia, and the west

Some Effects of a Foreign Language Classroom on the Development of German Negation

Etude sur l'apprentissage de la negation en allemand par une classe d'eleves ecossais âges de 10 a 16 ans. L'A. montre que les eleves peuvent memoriser tres rapidement des formes complexes de negation. Cet article souleve des questions concernant la relation entre la memorisation de formes complexes et le developpement des competences langagieres

Prakasananda's Theory of Negation of Difference

Prakasananda's Theory of Negation of Difference

The Problem of Theodicy in Ancient China

(1994). The Problem of Theodicy in Ancient China. Journal of Chinese Religions: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 51-74.

Negation, Poetry, and Philosophy: Moments between the Feng and the Lunyu

Negation, Poetry, and Philosophy: Moments between the Feng and the Lunyu

OF WAR, DEMONS AND NEGATION

Jackson Pollock: An American Saga, by Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith, New York: Harper Perennial, 1989 (reprinted 1991), 934 pp., 16 col. plates, 200 b. & w. illus., $16.95Jackson Pollock, by Ellen Landau, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1989, 283 pp., 211 col. plates, 159 b. & w. illus., £45.00Reconstructing Modernism: Art in New York, Paris and Montreal 1945–1964, edited by Serge Guilbaut, Cambridge, Mass. and London: The MIT Press, 1990, 418 pp., 74 b. & w. illus., £29.25 (hdbk), £15.25 (pbk)Abstract Expressionism, by David and Cecile Shapiro, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 442 pp., 19 b. & w. illus., £16.95Abstract Expressionism: Creators and Critics, by Clifford Ross, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1990, 304 pp., 12 col. plates, 57 b. & w. illus., $49.50Benton, Pollock, and the Politics of Modernism: from Regionalism to Abstract Expressionism, by Erika Doss, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991, 445 pp., 137 b. & w. illus., £31.96Abstract Expressionism and the Modern Experience, by Stephen Polcari, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, 408 pp., 32 col. plates, 290 b. & w. illus., £40.00

Blunt abdominal trauma in children: the practical value of ultrasonography.

The occult nature of blunt abdominal trauma justifies the need for reliable diagnostic adjuncts to physical examination. From June 1988 to June 1991, 259 children admitted to the general surgery/trauma service underwent abdominal ultrasonographic scanning (US). A total of 116 abdominal lesions were found in 81 patients. Ultrasonography alone had a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 96%, and an overall accuracy of 94%, as determined against the overall diagnostic workup and clinical course (mean follow-up, 17.4 weeks). In 44% of the patients, US was used alone; in 49% one or two additional tests were performed, and in only 7% were three or more tests required. Compared with computed tomography, US is more versatile, easier to perform in children, and more cost effective, even with the addition of a functional imaging modality. Although not demonstrated by this preliminary, retrospective study, Doppler US appears to be the logical complement to abdominal ultrasonography in the evaluation of children with blunt abdominal trauma.