National Literature Research Articles

Fiction Factory, Part 2

By the beginning of the twentieth century, young writers were part of an economic system that took youth as a commercial value—up-to-the-minute youth provided a fantasy that such new modes of publication seemed to advertise—while also making use of young writers glorying in such hype. Part One of these two essays explored this new character of young people’s writing to indicate an evolving understanding of the juvenile tradition. Young writers now asserted themselves as modern hacks, celebrating their proficiency in dime formulas. In surveying the literary nationalism encoded in dime formulas, Part One also explored how dime fiction kept alive a sense of perennial youth in part through youth’s recurrent and lasting association with the American character. Young writers working in dime formulas by necessity worked within these attitudes—and the baldness of dime formulas made obvious how these so-called “American” attitudes were ideological, encoding troubling assumptions when it came to race and imperialism, part of the manifest destiny and American exceptionalism that cheap print reflected. Part Two is about the afterlife of the dime novel—both in terms of how its formulas continued to haunt American letters, but also in terms of how ongoing literary-critical recovery of texts in the archive of the fiction factory have expanded possibilities for how to regard them. It concentrates on how ideological prescriptions continued to shape expectations, and to shape young writers’ work, in the early twentieth century—after the dime novel seemed to have waned in popularity. At the same time, it foregrounds how the critical afterlife that has sifted that archive informs an understanding of how to read this ongoing work.

Intoxicações de animais por praguicidas da classe dos carbamatos

Intentional poisoning by exogenous agents occurs with certain frequency and represents a high percentage of the causes of death in small animals in Veterinary Medicine. The carbamate popularly known in Brazil as “chumbinho”, is often linked to cases of criminal poisoning of domestic animals in the country, being sold illegally and widely used as a domestic rodenticide. The objective of this work was to discuss some types of pesticides and their toxicities, having inorganic and organic substances in their composition. A systematic review of national and international literature was carried out using the following key words: anticholinesterases, carbamates, pesticides, poisoning; using the following scientific databases for academic research: Virtual Health Library (VHL), SciELO, Scopus, CAPES Journal Portal, Google Scholar, PubMed and Biomed Central. Pesticides, with their inorganic chemical nature, appear in everyday life and are classified as organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and others, having an immediate effect in the organism. Cases of poisoning involving toxic agents illegally sold as rodenticides are very frequent and it is noted that, in most cases, the lack of knowledge and/or lack of information on the part of owners regarding the subject are significant factors in cases of sudden death of poisoned animals treated in veterinary clinics. The best way to reduce the incidence of poisoning in companion animals can be through training veterinarians working in the area of first aid, as well as their involvement in prevention through raising awareness among the population regarding the use of these toxic agents. There is also a need for greater supervision of the illegal marketing of these chemicals by public bodies.

National Literature Education in Scottish Universities during the Renaissance Period

During the Renaissance period, Scottish universities made significant achievements in the field of national literature education. This paper first reviews the origins and development of Scottish universities, exploring the educational philosophies of the Renaissance, particularly the impact of humanism on education. It then analyzes the curriculum and teaching methods of literary education in Scottish universities, and examines the status of national literature within these institutions by introducing key writers and works of the period. The paper further elaborates on the specific measures, achievements, and challenges faced in the implementation of national literature education at Scottish universities. Finally, it summarizes the influence of Renaissance-era Scottish university literature education on modern literary education and proposes insights for contemporary educational reform. This study aims to provide valuable experiences and references for modern education through the examination of national literature education at Scottish universities.

Avaliação da hemostasia em cães submetidos à castração eletiva

Hemostasis is an event that can be evaluated, and the incision of certain structures during surgical procedures can alter and consume coagulation factors. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the hemostatic parameters of dogs submitted to elective castration. For this, venous blood was collected in tubes containing sodium citrate from 16 (70%) female dogs submitted to ovary salpingohysterectomy and 7 (30%) male dogs submitted to orchiectomy, for evaluation of Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) in the preoperative period. It can be observed that, in relation to PT (4.73 to 8.73s) and aPTT (10.18 to 23.88s), females presented minimum and maximum values similar to those in the literature. In turn, males presented PT at 4.21s to 6.16s and aPTT at 11.02 to 19.31s, data that corroborate with values observed in the literature. It can be concluded that the reported values of the evaluated hemostatic parameters were similar to those observed in the national and international literature.

Microbiological risk assessment of Bacillus cereus in popular hot dishes eaten by plant-based diet consumers in France

There is a current trend towards plant-based diets in Western countries. Since changes in the diet imply possible changes in exposure to foodborne pathogens, there is an increasing need to assess the microbiological risks associated with these diets. This study aims to assess microbiological risks for French adults associated with Bacillus cereus group III and group IV in hot, homemade cereal- and lentil-based dishes. A probabilistic retail-to-fork risk assessment model was developed considering cooking, cooling at ambient temperature, and storage under chilled conditions. Data came from a representative national survey, public database and literature. The model was developed in R, and uncertainty and variability were separated using second-order Monte Carlo simulations. Not all consumers have the same storage and cooling practices, so the results were expressed by probabilistic distributions built by specific storage time. The mean concentration of Bacillus cereus in portions at the time of consumption after 72 h of storage was 1.2 log CFU.g−1 for cereal-based dishes and 3.4 log CFU.g−1 for lentil-based dishes. After 72 h of storage under chilled conditions, the risk per portion, defined as the probability of contamination over 5 log CFU.g−1, was 0 (95 % CI: 0 - 0) for cereal-based dishes and 7.95 × 10−4 (95 % CI: 5.55 × 10−4 - 1.12 × 10−3) for lentils-based dishes. However, if cooling time at room temperature reached 24 h, the risk for cereal- and lentil-based dishes increased to 2.39 × 10−3 (95 % CI: 1.15 × 10−3 - 4.90 × 10−3) and 4.66 × 10−1 (95 % CI: 3.16 × 10−1 - 6.07 × 10−1), respectively. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the initial prevalence and level of contamination were key factors in limiting the risk, ranking before cooling time or refrigeration conditions. Besides, the scenario analysis revealed an influence of consumer behaviour regarding cooling and storage time on the risk per portion. The environmental trend towards plant-forward diets, combined with the emerging no-food waste and batch cooking practices in France, will likely favour new consumption patterns and increase the risk associated with Bacillus cereus. Our model will help quantify this extra burden.

Publication behaviour and (dis)qualification of chief editors in Turkish national Social Sciences journals

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the publication behaviour of 573 chief editors managing 432 Social Sciences journals in Turkey. Direct inquiries into editorial qualifications are rare, and this research aims to shed light on editors’ scientific leadership capabilities. Design/methodology/approach This study contrasts insider publication behaviour in national journals with international articles in journals indexed by the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. It argues that editors demonstrating a consistent ability to publish in competitive WOS and Scopus indexed journals signal high qualifications, while editors with persistent insider behaviour and strong local orientation signal low qualification. Scientific leadership capability is measured by first-authored publications. Correlation and various regression tests are conducted to identify significant determinants of publication behaviour. Findings International publications are rare and concentrated on a few individuals, while insider publications are endemic and constitute nearly 40% of all national articles. Editors publish 3.2 insider papers and 8.1 national papers for every SSCI article. 62% (58%) of the editors have no SSCI (Scopus) article, 53% (63%) do not have a single lead-authored WOS (Scopus) article, and 89% publish at least one insider paper. Only a minority consistently publish in international journals; a fifth of the editors have three or more SSCI publications, and a quarter have three or more Scopus articles. Editors with foreign Ph.D. degrees are the most qualified and internationally oriented, whereas non-mobile editors are the most underqualified and underperform other editors by every measure. Illustrating the overall lack of qualification, nearly half of the professor editors and the majority of the WOS and Scopus indexed journal editors have no record of SSCI or Scopus publications. Research limitations This research relies on local settings that encourage national publications at the expense of international journals. Findings should be evaluated in light of this setting and bearing in mind that narrow localities are more prone to peer favouritism. Practical implications Incompetent and nepotistic editors pose an imminent threat to Turkish national literature. A lasting solution would likely include the dismissal and replacement of unqualified editors, as well as delisting and closure of dozens of journals that operate in questionable ways and serve little scientific purpose. Originality/value To my knowledge, this is the first study to document the publication behaviour of national journal chief editors.

Social work with Irish Travellers: Findings from a national evaluation

Summary This article reports on the findings from a national evaluation of a specialist, Irish, social work service for Traveller families and communities. It begins with an historical overview of the service which was established in the 1960s but which has evolved and developed over the past few decades at a time of changing patterns of Traveller lives and social and economic conditions. It was also a period when the role of social work was changing, most notably with the introduction of state regulation of the profession. The article then critically analyses national and international literature on the role of social workers with Travellers. It then describes the mixed research method used to evaluate the service. Findings The findings highlight various, sometimes competing perspectives on the social work role, drawn from administrative data, a survey of social workers interviews with social workers and Traveller representatives. These include views about how the social work role was viewed by social workers and Traveller representatives, informed by theories on anti-oppressive practice, systems approaches and forms of advocacy. Applications The article concludes with a discussion of ways in which the lessons learned from the evaluation can be used to further develop the social work service in ways that can enhance the lives of Travellers, through forms of continuous professional development and the created of a national policy and practice framework.

Medical News, Digidemic And Health Crisis. When Journalism Creates Prevention And Community Safety

Recent national and international health emergencies have repeatedly highlighted the role that local information must play in synthesizing the various social and cultural policies proposed by public authorities in order to manage panic and correctly represent the living conditions of local citizens, overcoming national media logics that are often based on the speed and spectacularisation of (health) disasters. By analyzing and comparing the most recent national and international literature on the subject, the article attempts to reconstruct the path taken by community journalism from a socio-media point of view, referring to three perspectives that seem to hinder and at the same time promote community information in the digital society: technological change and the information market; the transformation of the audience; the impact of recent global crises on news traffic. Rethinking these dimensions can transform news reporting into a cultural field capable of creating awareness and an emergency culture among citizens and security for communities in times of crisis.

Online Education Adaptability for South African Learners with Dyscalculia and Dyslexia using Digital Learning Methods

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 defines equal and inclusive education. Countries of the global south, including South Africa, have several interventions to achieve before making headway on this goal. South Africa has a unique political and historical narrative, and almost three decades post-apartheid, there remain stark differences in school and post-school education. Amongst some of these include learners with learning disabilities. This research focuses on learners with learning disabilities, such as Dyscalculia and Dyslexia. The introduction of digital technologies within higher education institutions excludes these learners as the adaptability of digital learning techniques has not been considered for specific learning disabilities. The challenges are now heightened. Although primary studies have been conducted in the past, no definitive solutions have been established for the seamless integration of these learners into mainstream education. Hence a different research approach was undertaken. An expansive review of existing scholarship was conducted using online academic resources and search platforms such as Google Scholar, Scopus and EBSCOhost. The purpose was to engage with a wide range of national and global literature. A discussion and comparison of available resources and tools were outlined and structured according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was underpinned by the universal design for learning theory. Global research indicated the availability of online tools that were too expensive for South African education and incompatible with the lack of skills and infrastructure. The literature provided adequate information to develop an introductory clinical sociology intervention and embark on a process of awareness and support for educators and affected learners

The pasts, presents and futures of transnational and global Irish Studies: “Snapshots”

ABSTRACT As with any other discipline, we are periodically drawn towards reviewing the trajectory of Irish Studies, contemplating possible future directions: What is happening now? What should come next? Four scholars at varying stages of their academic careers and located in tertiary institutions in Ireland, USA, and Australia address these questions with specific reference to the transnational or global aspects of Irish Studies, a key focus of this special issue. Their brief “snapshots” take us on a journey starting with gendered migrant histories and the methodological challenges facing the often-disappointed researcher seeking the experiences of Irish-speaking diasporas, before engaging with new ways of confronting age-old questions about both Irish migrants’ implication in the dispossession of Indigenous populations and the historical racialisation of Irishness in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand. We are then introduced to research into revolutionary Ireland’s collective global consciousness and the development of a Global Irish Studies which seeks to create a sustainable dialectic between Irish and non-Irish-based scholars, finishing with the assertion that Ireland has always been a porous and transnational space, and that while it may have been hiding in plain sight as it were, the international and relational aspect of national literatures are profound and unavoidable.

Factors associated with the recurrence of violence against children and adolescents. Mato Grosso-Brazil, 2013 to 2019.

This study examined factors associated with the recurrence of interpersonal violence against children and adolescents in Mato Grosso state, considering cases recorded in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, from 2013 to 2019. Associations between variables were estimated by logistic regression and stratified by age group (children and adolescents). The frequency of recurrent violence against children was 49.0% and, against adolescents, 42.9%. For both, recurrent violence was positively associated with occurrence at home, psychological or emotional violence, aggressors' being more than two, their being relatives and threats being the means of aggression. Neglect or abandonment and male or both-sex aggressors were positively associated with recurrent violence against children. Against adolescents, poor education, sexual violence and intimate-partner aggressors were positively associated with recurrent violence, while other aggressors and firearms or physical force were negatively associated. The findings offer significant contributions to knowledge of factors associated with recurrent violence, which is still little studied in the national and international literature. This is essential in order to inform strategies to reduce the recurrence of violence and protect children and adolescents.

Национальная специфика и классовое искусство: от многообразия к унитаризму

The article highlights one of the key moments in the formation of the North Caucasian peoples’ national literature in the process of their integration into the USSR’s shared cultural space. The author notes that, despite the unity of the socio-social and economic systems of the region, the proximity of their cultures, the systems of verbal creativity of the mountain peoples had their own specific features, manifested not only at the general philosophical and conceptual levels but also in the models of apperception themselves. On the examples of poetic texts by K. Khetagurova, B. Pacheva, K. Mechieva, the essence of the reflex transformation process is considered in sufficient detail and, convincingly, its specific techniques and mechanisms are determined. The departure from the plastic “textured” sensation leads to an organic understanding of ideological and respon-sible symbolism, anticipating the flourishing of national poetry within the boundaries of ethnical-ly authentic apperceptive models. The latter, in turn, received a complete and perfect expression, as in the work of K.Kuliyev, as well as in the poems of his followers, who developed sensitive, materialized ideas on a new, symbolic level of their interpretations.

TYPES OF ALLUSIONS IN BOHDAN TOMENCHUK’S POETRY ABOUT THE WAR

The paper examines allusions in Bohdan Tomenchuk’s poetry collection “Embroider, Mother, a bulletproof vest.” The various types of allusions are grouped based on their functions (activation of historical memory, adherence to literary tradition, text-structuring), themes (historical, mythological), and typology (ranging from nominal and quotation-type to associative). An attempt was made to differentiate the concept of allusion from quotation and reminiscence, while also juxtaposing it with intertext and intertextuality for comparison. In the poet’s texts about the modern Russian-Ukrainian war, the references to literary works are accompanied by numerous allusions to historical reality. These are references of the nominal type (topographical or proper names connected with certain historical events in the reader's mind). The author's distinctive approach involves overlapping different types of allusions, namely those of historical and literary nature, as well as historical and mythological. Behind a direct allusion, an associative one may emerge, linking to a text from a different time period through shared words, phrases, or thematic aura. The involvement of allusion in Tomenchuk’s poetry often occurs on the basis of the allegation (the new text ‘absorbs’ the previous one, without entering into a controversy with the original text). In this case, we deal with intertext (a text within a text). When an allusion entering a new text gets engaged in a dialogue with the original text, we deal with intertextuality as a process of textual interaction. By involving an allusion, the author makes it an element of the structure that serves as an impetus for the reader to navigate within a receptive context, searching among known texts relevant for interpreting the allusion while disregarding distant ones. Intertextuality engages cognition here. Sometimes allusion is not just an element of a structure but a structural principle, and it is proper to name it a structuring allusion. Various allusions in B. Tomenchuk’s poetry make it possible to fit the widest range of emotions and thoughts in a small textual space, to integrate the new experience of war into a broad historical and literary canvas with a biblical and mythological background.

Къэшэж Иннэ лъэпкъ гупсысэкIэ псыхьа и усыгъэм урысейпсо щэнхабзэм щиубыд увыпIэр (УсакIуэр къызэралъхурэ илъэс 80 щрикъум ирихьэлIэу)

The article examines the life and work of the Russian-speaking Adyghe (Kabardian) poetess Inna Inalovna Kashezheva. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive study of her creative heritage in the evolution of national literatures and the domestic literary process. The research uses meth-ods of literary analysis, synthesis, description, as well as comparative-historical, cultural-historical, socio-historical methods. The structure of the work includes an introduction, two sec-tions in which the authors conduct an analysis of literary texts and translations, as well as a con-clusion. The introductory part highlights the main stages of I. Kashezheva’s life and creative path. A biobibliographical certificate is presented, and the poetess’s birth date is determined using cur-rent opinions from literary scholars, critics, publicists, and friends and acquaintances. Issues con-cerning the formation of creativity are explored, the first publications of poetry are studied, previ-ously undiscovered works and books are placed into scholarly circulation (a collection of transla-tions of poems by I. Kashezheva “Laabze” / “Mark”; a two-volume collected works, etc.). The ar-ticle examines lifetime publications and books that were published after her departure and addi-tionally include works of art, articles about life and work, dedication poems/messages from I. Ka-shezheva from colleagues in the pen, as well as her translations, interviews and essays about poets of Kabardino-Balkaria. In the main research part of the article, an analysis of poems and songs is carried out; the main motives of poetry, the structural and compositional features of the works, which together constitute the poetic ethnocode of I. Kashezheva, are identified. The results ob-tained in the future will contribute to a further, more in-depth and extensive monographic study of the poetry of I. Kashezheva, restoring a complete picture of the evolution of her work.

“Turning Others’ Leaves”: The Politics of National Literary Identity in Renaissance England

The origins of the sense in Renaissance England for a distinct English literary identity may be traced back to Geoffrey Chaucer and John Gower in the fourteenth century. However, it was with the Elizabethan generation of writers and poets in the second half of the sixteenth century that this sense became a serious concern and constituted the essence of their literary politics at the time. In fact, at a time when political, ideological, cultural, economic, commercial, and colonialist nationalism was on the rise in Renaissance Europe, it would not be unusual for the Elizabethans to pursue radical policies of nationalism in every sphere, including most importantly the formation of a national literary identity. Accordingly, for the literati of the time, especially for the generation of Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and their contemporaries, literary creativity and originality and, consequently, independence from foreign influence were to be prioritized and privileged over imitation and traditionality. Therefore, they increasingly turned away from the imitation of Continental literary norms and explicitly rejected Petrarchan populism; instead, they were involved in a deliberate and focused engagement in a process of theoretical and pragmatic politics for the creation of national literature. The new national literature they envisaged was not only to be authentic and native in identity but also to match up the intellectual standards of Renaissance humanism and literary performance at large. So this article is an analytical and argumentative attempt, with the main focus on Sidney and Spenser, to demonstrate in what ways and by what perceptions the Elizabethans were motivated for the formation of a national literary identity.

The Search for Sources of Conflicts: Supply and Demand in the Labor Market

Classical approaches towards categorizing conflict within the field of social sciences may not be applicable to the labor market context because they are beyond economic theories. To the best of our knowledge, currently, neither national nor foreign literature contains any conceptual systematization of conflicts that occur during the hiring process. Such systematization would combine conflict factors at the intersection of economic, sociological, and conflict theories. The article proposes a categorization that is based on the prominent conflict theories while taking into consideration potential employment conflicts within the labor market. The proposed categorization groups market participants (supply and demand sides) and sorts conflicts by type (systemic and non-systemic conflicts). Four primary sources of conflict are identified, including market mechanisms and salary expectations (systemic conflicts), company values and human capital (non-systemic conflicts). Systemic factors of conflicts such as supply/ demand matching and wage expectations are determined by market mechanisms. These economic factors are determined by objective and predictable processes, but sociological theories of conflict are typically excluded from the aforementioned context, which can result in a biased portrayal of macroeconomic processes. In addition, the policy of a particular company and a job seeker’s expectations for a specific job position are nonsystemic, they depend on such types of factors as company values and human capital.This categorization enables early identification of the source of conflict and potential reduction of its destructive effects.

Forgotten names: Kashshaf Patii

The article studies Kashshaf Patii’s work, identifying the development features of his poetry in the context of literary and aesthetic thought of the early twentieth century. As research shows, the educational paradigm contributes to the formation of a poetic concept of the world, the concept of a lyrical hero and motifs in his works. Tracing the main trends in the development of Kashshaf Patii’s poetry and the main periods of his work, we identify the features of the development of national literature of the early twentieth century as a whole and determine general and specific aspects in the patterns of the national literary art development. This determines the relevance of our work. It is for the first time that the work of Kashshaf Patii has become the object of a systematic study and literary analysis. It is the first study about the life and creative biography of the poet. As a result of the study, we conclude that Patii’s first works put forward the idea of developing Tatar society on the basis of education, knowledge and culture; their dominant motif is Tatar society’s call for social transformation. At the same time, romantic techniques predominate in the artistic and aesthetic aspects. This indicates that the poet’s work belongs to educational romanticism. At the second stage of his work, the author reflects on the mission of the poet and poetry in the context of classical romanticism - on the highest values in the world, while serving the nation is interpreted as divine predestination. The alienated lyrical hero, experiencing loneliness, comes to the fore in his philosophical lyrical poetry.

V. Nabokov about his status of “an American writer” (based on interviews of the 1950s- 1970s)

Nabokov is known as one of the unique phenomena in 20th century world literary history not only because of the unconditional significance of his creative legacy, but also because everything he wrote belongs equally to the history of two national literatures, Russian and American. So, researchers’ discussions about which of the national-literary paradigms V. Nabokov belongs to a greater extent are completely justified. As for our study, its aim is to analyze V. Nabokov’s public statements concerning his personal perception of one of the sides of his creative self, namely the status of “an American writer”. The object of the study is V. Nabokov’s interviews given by him to various publications from the 1950s to the 1970s. The study is based on V. Nabokov’s interviews from the book “Nabokov about Nabokov and Other Things: Interviews, Reviews, Essays” compiled by N. Melnikov. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that until now Nabokov’s interviews have not been analyzed comprehensively for the presence of statements identifying him as “an American writer”. In the course of analyzing Nabokov’s public statements about his “American writer” status, we concluded that this Nabokov’s position was based on his pragmatic strategy of anticipating the audience’s expectations, when he demonstrated accuracy in his identifying formulations and formal “nostalgia” for his estranged second homeland called the United States.

La polémica sobre la existencia de una poesía antillana y la presencia del tema negro en la literatura puertorriqueña (1932-1933)

The objective of this article is to study the texts on the polemic generated between 1932 and 1933 about the existence of Antillean poetry and the presence of the black theme in Puerto Rican national literature. The main texts of the controversy have been analysed from the perspective of socio-critical theory to identify the social-historical themes addressed by the writers involved. This research has made it possible to establish a relationship between the debate that arose and the conception of the Puerto Rican national imaginary defended by its main participants: Luis Palés Matos and José I. de Diego Padró.

GINGER CANDY CONSUMPTION AND ITS IMPACT ON FIRST TRIMESTER NAUSEA

Pregnancy brings changes to a woman's body, including in the digestive system which can cause nausea and vomiting, which generally occurs in the first trimester. Morning sickness is a common complaint in pregnancy, but there are also more severe conditions, such as hyperemesis gravidarum. Treatment for nausea and vomiting can be done with pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapy. Ginger, with its antiemetic properties, is a popular choice. Ginger candy is an effective way to consume ginger to reduce nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women. Ginger steeping has also been proven effective in reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women. This study aims to analyze the effect of giving ginger candy on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. This research is a national literature review that was searched using Google Scholar with the keywords "nausea, vomiting", "ginger candy", and "pregnant women". Next, 5 national articles were selected. From all the articles it is known that there is an effect of ginger candy on reducing the level of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.